高龄化社会下长期看护风险与保险认知之研究
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摘要
台湾地区数十年来,随着经济繁荣发达、医药科技进步、国民生活水平提高,社会型态改变,家庭结构已由大家庭转变成小家庭等等因素下,人口结构己逐渐进入高龄化阶段,老化速度不断增加,于公元1993年已正式成为联合国世界卫生组织所定义之[高龄化社会],继之而起之高龄人口照顾、医疗、经济…等问题,不容忽视,尤其是老年人的慢性疾病与身心功能障碍或减退,而形成之长期看护需求与日俱增,传统之家庭照顾功能已渐渐式微,无法扮演称职之角色,故随着人口老化速度增加,此需求将成为严重的社会问题及未来趋势。
本研究以长期看护保险为主,针对台中市民进行调查,了解民众对于长期看护保险之认知与购买意愿,作为寿险业经营长期看护保险及政府规划长期看护保险政策之参考,藉此提醒民众对长期看护风险之危机意识,趁年轻时未雨绸缪,及早安排有尊严、高质量之晚年生活。本研究最重要的结论有三点：
第一,民众在期望的老年生活,会因为受访者的年龄、婚姻及职业之不同,进而在期望的老年生活上产生显着差异。在受访者的生活型态变数上,受访者会因为生活型态变数之不同与期望老年生活关系有显着差异。
第二,民众会因年龄、婚姻及教育程度之不同,进而对长期看护保险购买意愿产生显着差异。在生活型态变数通常与购买意愿有显着差异。
第三,长期看护保险购买意愿对长期看护保险认知有显着差异。期望老年生活与长期看护保险买意愿对长期看护保险认知有显着差异。
另外,透过本研究的研究过程与研究发现,具体的创新如下：
第一,采用不同以往的心理学风险理论观点,研究长期看护风险与保险,这项理论的风险关注的面向较为多元,同时,本研究采用公共风险管理的理论观点,来说明政府提供长期看护保险的必要性,这也有别于传统社会保险的研究观点。
第二,决定购买保险的因素,主要来自人们的认知风险程度,而不是实际风险程度,因此,以风险与保险认知的观点设计问卷。这种观点的问卷设计,有别于以往传统社会保险的研究方式。
第三,风险认知强,购买保险的意愿当强,两者间当无差异,但研究结果发现,事实非如此,显然,风险认知与保险购买意愿间,可能存在干扰变数。
第四,本研究研究过程中,提及后实证论基础的三种风险理论,虽然本研究并没有采用此类风险理论,但这三种理论,也同时极为适合用来解释公共风险管理中,各种因风险引发的公共政策议题与社会冲突现象。
For decades, the population structure of Taiwan has been gradually evolving into a stage dominated by elderly population as a result of prosperous economic growth, advances in medical science and technology, improvement of national living standards, changes in the social form, and the shift of family structure from extended family to nuclear family. The speed of population aging in Taiwan keeps increasing; in1993, Taiwan officially became an aged society as defined by WHO. The subsequent medical and economic problems concerning the care of elderly population can no longer be overlooked. The demand for the long-term care of senior citizens suffering from chronic disease(s) or physical or mental dysfunction or degradation is increasing day by day while the traditional caring function of the family is declining gradually, thus the family can no longer play its role as a care provider satisfactorily. As a result, the demand for the long-term care of senior citizens will become an increasingly serious social problem in the future with the acceleration of population aging.
In this study, an investigation on long-term care insurance was carried out among Taichung citizens to find out their acknowledgement and purchase intention of long-term care insurance for the reference of insurers in life insurance industry providing long-term care insurance and governments planning policies on long-term care insurance. The study also aims to remind people of the crisis of long-term care and urge them to plan a high quality and dignified life for their elderly days while they are still young. The most important conclusions of this study are as follows:
Firstly, for consumers, the significant difference exists between the expectation of old-age life and age、marriage and occupation factors. Meanwhilst, the significant difference also exists between life style and the expectation of old-age life.
Secondly, for consumers, the significant difference exists between the willingness to buy long-term care insurance and age、marriage and education factors. Meanwhilst, generally speaking, the significant difference also exists between life style and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance.
Thirdly, the significant difference exists between the perception of long-term care insurance and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance. The significant difference also exists between the perception of long-term care insurance and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance、the expectation of old-age life.
In addition, the four innovation points for this study are as follows:
Firstly, this study adopts psychological theory of risk rather than traditional theory of risk because of multi-dimensions of risk.Meanwhist, this study adopts a public risk management perspective rather than traditional perspective to explain necessary for government-based long-term care insurance.
Secondly, the extent of perceived risk rather than real/actual risk makes insurance buy. Accordingly, the questionnaire design of this study in term of perceptions of risk and insurance. This perspective of design differs from traditional perspective.
Thirdly, from a theoretical perspective, there is no significant difference existing between the perception and willingness to buy, however, the significant difference exists between them in terms of results of this study.
Fourthly, risk theory of post-positivism based is mentioned in this study. Although this study does not adopt that theory, risk theory of post-positivism based is very appropriate for explaining the public policy issues and social conflict phenomena in public risk management.
本研究以长期看护保险为主,针对台中市民进行调查,了解民众对于长期看护保险之认知与购买意愿,作为寿险业经营长期看护保险及政府规划长期看护保险政策之参考,藉此提醒民众对长期看护风险之危机意识,趁年轻时未雨绸缪,及早安排有尊严、高质量之晚年生活。本研究最重要的结论有三点：
第一,民众在期望的老年生活,会因为受访者的年龄、婚姻及职业之不同,进而在期望的老年生活上产生显着差异。在受访者的生活型态变数上,受访者会因为生活型态变数之不同与期望老年生活关系有显着差异。
第二,民众会因年龄、婚姻及教育程度之不同,进而对长期看护保险购买意愿产生显着差异。在生活型态变数通常与购买意愿有显着差异。
第三,长期看护保险购买意愿对长期看护保险认知有显着差异。期望老年生活与长期看护保险买意愿对长期看护保险认知有显着差异。
另外,透过本研究的研究过程与研究发现,具体的创新如下：
第一,采用不同以往的心理学风险理论观点,研究长期看护风险与保险,这项理论的风险关注的面向较为多元,同时,本研究采用公共风险管理的理论观点,来说明政府提供长期看护保险的必要性,这也有别于传统社会保险的研究观点。
第二,决定购买保险的因素,主要来自人们的认知风险程度,而不是实际风险程度,因此,以风险与保险认知的观点设计问卷。这种观点的问卷设计,有别于以往传统社会保险的研究方式。
第三,风险认知强,购买保险的意愿当强,两者间当无差异,但研究结果发现,事实非如此,显然,风险认知与保险购买意愿间,可能存在干扰变数。
第四,本研究研究过程中,提及后实证论基础的三种风险理论,虽然本研究并没有采用此类风险理论,但这三种理论,也同时极为适合用来解释公共风险管理中,各种因风险引发的公共政策议题与社会冲突现象。
For decades, the population structure of Taiwan has been gradually evolving into a stage dominated by elderly population as a result of prosperous economic growth, advances in medical science and technology, improvement of national living standards, changes in the social form, and the shift of family structure from extended family to nuclear family. The speed of population aging in Taiwan keeps increasing; in1993, Taiwan officially became an aged society as defined by WHO. The subsequent medical and economic problems concerning the care of elderly population can no longer be overlooked. The demand for the long-term care of senior citizens suffering from chronic disease(s) or physical or mental dysfunction or degradation is increasing day by day while the traditional caring function of the family is declining gradually, thus the family can no longer play its role as a care provider satisfactorily. As a result, the demand for the long-term care of senior citizens will become an increasingly serious social problem in the future with the acceleration of population aging.
In this study, an investigation on long-term care insurance was carried out among Taichung citizens to find out their acknowledgement and purchase intention of long-term care insurance for the reference of insurers in life insurance industry providing long-term care insurance and governments planning policies on long-term care insurance. The study also aims to remind people of the crisis of long-term care and urge them to plan a high quality and dignified life for their elderly days while they are still young. The most important conclusions of this study are as follows:
Firstly, for consumers, the significant difference exists between the expectation of old-age life and age、marriage and occupation factors. Meanwhilst, the significant difference also exists between life style and the expectation of old-age life.
Secondly, for consumers, the significant difference exists between the willingness to buy long-term care insurance and age、marriage and education factors. Meanwhilst, generally speaking, the significant difference also exists between life style and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance.
Thirdly, the significant difference exists between the perception of long-term care insurance and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance. The significant difference also exists between the perception of long-term care insurance and the willingness to buy long-term care insurance、the expectation of old-age life.
In addition, the four innovation points for this study are as follows:
Firstly, this study adopts psychological theory of risk rather than traditional theory of risk because of multi-dimensions of risk.Meanwhist, this study adopts a public risk management perspective rather than traditional perspective to explain necessary for government-based long-term care insurance.
Secondly, the extent of perceived risk rather than real/actual risk makes insurance buy. Accordingly, the questionnaire design of this study in term of perceptions of risk and insurance. This perspective of design differs from traditional perspective.
Thirdly, from a theoretical perspective, there is no significant difference existing between the perception and willingness to buy, however, the significant difference exists between them in terms of results of this study.
Fourthly, risk theory of post-positivism based is mentioned in this study. Although this study does not adopt that theory, risk theory of post-positivism based is very appropriate for explaining the public policy issues and social conflict phenomena in public risk management.
引文
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