B2C网上超市与敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式研究
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摘要
随着互联网应用的普及,以及现代零售业的演化,B2C网上超市与敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式逐渐成为社会的一种主流零售业态。B2C网上超市也就是通过互联网等作为展示的平台,线上进行订购,线下进行配送的一种新型的B2C电子商务运营模式。它节省了大量的店铺租赁和雇佣大量销售人员的相关费用,大大降低了经营成本,有很大的发展前途。零售业比较理想的状况是虚拟网与实体网的结合,实行线上零售与线下敏捷配送相结合,准直销加传统营销的推广模式争取优质客户。将信息处理系统、物流配送系统、营销支持系统,三大系统相结合,整合整个供应链,进化为省却大部分的信息成本、运营成本与物流成本的轻资产运营的零售业态。构建适合网上超市零售模式特点的敏捷配送物流体系对于B2C网上超市的发展以及对于提高我国零售业的整体竞争力都是至关重要的,因此研究B2C网上超市与敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式具有重要的现实意义。
本文的研究工作是围绕以下几个方面展开的：
首先,本文主要追溯了现代零售业态的进化历程,通过分析各零售业态的发展现状与趋势,并特别分析了无店铺业态中的B2C网上超市的零售模式,从中引出了B2C网上超市与敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式的概念,并着重探讨了这种新零售模式的优势与发展前景。
其次,研究如何切实解决网上超市的物流配送这一“瓶颈”,构建适合网上超市与线下敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式特点的敏捷配送体系。先分析了我国B2C网上超市零售模式物流配送现状以及存在的问题,然后引入了敏捷配送的概念,结合B2C网上超市敏捷配送要实现的目的,提出了B2C网上超市敏捷配送的设计思想。
再次,对网上超市的敏捷配送网络进行设计。先对配送站和配送中心的设置的数量与选址进行分析研究,然后研究了需求随机条件下基于库存控制的敏捷配送调度模型,为了求解所建立的模型,本章运用启发式算法进行迭代运算,最后,通过算例对该模型及其算法的有效性进行了分析,得到的结果证明了该算法是求解基于库存控制的敏捷配送调度的有效算法。
最后,对全文内容及研究结论进行了总结,并对文中有待进一步研究的方向进行了展望。
With the rapid development of Internet application, as well as the evolution of modern retailing, new retail model which integrates the B2C on-line supermarket and agile distribution has gradually become a mainstream retail formats.
B2C on-line supermarket is displayed through the internet as a platform, order online, delivery offline, which is a new B2C e-commerce business model. It is helpful to save the cost of leasing the store; it can increasingly reduce the operation costs.
the ideal model is that integrates the virtual network and physical network, supports the agile supply based on combination of the online retail and offline logistics distribution, so as to attract quality customers.
Combining the information processing system, logistics and distribution system and marketing support system can integrate the entire supply chain, which will evolve to the retail format of asset-light. It can reduce the information costs, operation costs and logistics costs. It is a very important work to construct a logistic distribution system which suit to online supermarket. Therefore, it is significant to study the new retail format which integrates the B2C online supermarket and agile distribution. Research on this field will improve the core competition of online supermarket and enhance efficiency of whole supply chain.
The main job of this thesis includes:
Firstly, This thesis traces the history of the evolution of modern retail formats, by analyzing the state and the trend of retail format, the concept of new retail model is proposed, which integrate the B2C on-line supermarket into agile distribution, focuses on the strengths and growth prospects of modern retail formats.
Secondly, on-line supermarket distribution network is designed. At first, the configuration of distribution and the problems are researched, and then the concept of agility distribution is introduced. Combining the purpose of B2C on-line supermarket, the thought of agility distribution is proposed.
Thirdly, the distribution network is designed. The location and the number of distribution station and center are analyzed. The model based on agility distribution is established, which considers inventory control policy on the condition of random demands. To solve the established model, the heuristic algorithm is designed. In the end, the efficiency of model and algorithm are proved by a numerical example.
Finally, the results and the conclusions are presented, and the future research fields are proposed.
本文的研究工作是围绕以下几个方面展开的：
首先,本文主要追溯了现代零售业态的进化历程,通过分析各零售业态的发展现状与趋势,并特别分析了无店铺业态中的B2C网上超市的零售模式,从中引出了B2C网上超市与敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式的概念,并着重探讨了这种新零售模式的优势与发展前景。
其次,研究如何切实解决网上超市的物流配送这一“瓶颈”,构建适合网上超市与线下敏捷配送相结合的新零售模式特点的敏捷配送体系。先分析了我国B2C网上超市零售模式物流配送现状以及存在的问题,然后引入了敏捷配送的概念,结合B2C网上超市敏捷配送要实现的目的,提出了B2C网上超市敏捷配送的设计思想。
再次,对网上超市的敏捷配送网络进行设计。先对配送站和配送中心的设置的数量与选址进行分析研究,然后研究了需求随机条件下基于库存控制的敏捷配送调度模型,为了求解所建立的模型,本章运用启发式算法进行迭代运算,最后,通过算例对该模型及其算法的有效性进行了分析,得到的结果证明了该算法是求解基于库存控制的敏捷配送调度的有效算法。
最后,对全文内容及研究结论进行了总结,并对文中有待进一步研究的方向进行了展望。
With the rapid development of Internet application, as well as the evolution of modern retailing, new retail model which integrates the B2C on-line supermarket and agile distribution has gradually become a mainstream retail formats.
B2C on-line supermarket is displayed through the internet as a platform, order online, delivery offline, which is a new B2C e-commerce business model. It is helpful to save the cost of leasing the store; it can increasingly reduce the operation costs.
the ideal model is that integrates the virtual network and physical network, supports the agile supply based on combination of the online retail and offline logistics distribution, so as to attract quality customers.
Combining the information processing system, logistics and distribution system and marketing support system can integrate the entire supply chain, which will evolve to the retail format of asset-light. It can reduce the information costs, operation costs and logistics costs. It is a very important work to construct a logistic distribution system which suit to online supermarket. Therefore, it is significant to study the new retail format which integrates the B2C online supermarket and agile distribution. Research on this field will improve the core competition of online supermarket and enhance efficiency of whole supply chain.
The main job of this thesis includes:
Firstly, This thesis traces the history of the evolution of modern retail formats, by analyzing the state and the trend of retail format, the concept of new retail model is proposed, which integrate the B2C on-line supermarket into agile distribution, focuses on the strengths and growth prospects of modern retail formats.
Secondly, on-line supermarket distribution network is designed. At first, the configuration of distribution and the problems are researched, and then the concept of agility distribution is introduced. Combining the purpose of B2C on-line supermarket, the thought of agility distribution is proposed.
Thirdly, the distribution network is designed. The location and the number of distribution station and center are analyzed. The model based on agility distribution is established, which considers inventory control policy on the condition of random demands. To solve the established model, the heuristic algorithm is designed. In the end, the efficiency of model and algorithm are proved by a numerical example.
Finally, the results and the conclusions are presented, and the future research fields are proposed.
引文
[1]夏春玉.零售业态变迁理论及其新发展[J].当代经济科学,2002,(4)
[2]Richardson, Helen L Pooling with Competitors[M].Transportation & Distribution 2006,11:105-106
[3]Bramel J,Simchi-Levi D The logic of Logistics-theory, algorithms, and applications for Logistics management[J].New York:Springer-Verlag,2006:78-89
[4]张蜀东.电子商务呼唤现代物流配送的发展与创新[J].中国物资流通.2006：46-94
[5]纪宝成,晏维龙.电子商务下的商品流通[J].经济理论与经济管理.2005：12-17
[6]丁俊发.发展中国物流要关注十大领域[J].中国经济快讯刊.2006：33-35
[7]Salhi, GK Rand.The effect of ignoring routes when locating depots. European Journal of Operational Research[J].1989,39:150-156.
[8]P H Hansen, B Hegedahl, S Hjortkjaer, B Obel. A heuristic solution to the warehouse location routing problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research.1994,76:111-127.
[9]J Perl, M S Daskin. A warehouse location routing problem[J]. Transportation Research,1985, 72:381-396.
[10]G Laporte. Location-routing problems, in:B L Golden, Assad. Vehicle Routing Methods and Studies[J]. North-Holland:Amsterdam,1988.
[11]I Or, W P Pierskalla. A transportation location-allocation model for regional blood banking[J]. AIIE Transactions.1979,11:86-95.
[12]周梅花.论集约化商品配送中心的选址[J].中国矿业大学学报.2000,29(6)：647-658.
[13]鲁晓春,詹荷生.关于配送中心重心法选址的研究[J].北方交通大学学报.2000.24(6)：108-110.
[14]付鹏程,刘金华.物流配送中心的选址决策应用[J].交通科技.2003,16(1)：80-82.
[15]S M Disney, M M Naim, D R. Towill. Genetic algorithm optimization of a class of inventory control systems[J]. International Journal of Production Economics.2000,68:259-278
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[17]Frank Chen, D krass. Analysis of supply contracts with minimum total order quantity commitments and non-stationary demands[J].European Journal of Operational Research. 1999,81:122-134.
[18]Frank Chen, Sin Hoon Hum, Jie Sun. Analysis of third-party warehousing contract with Commitments [J]. European Journal of Operational Research.2000,82:422-435.
[19]Glasserman P, Wang Y. Lead-time inventory tradeoffs in Assemble-to-order systems[J] Operations Research.1998,46(1):858-871.
[20]Liu S.C., Lin C.C.. A two-phase heuristic method for the multi-depot location routing problem taking inventory control decisions into consideration [J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003,22(11):941-950.
[21]郭冬乐,宋则等.中国商业理论前沿第二版[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2001.
[22]李薇薇.连锁经营原理与实务[M].北京：中华工商联合出版社,1996
[23]陈顺霞等.商学概论[M]上海：上海财经大学出版社,1996.
[24](美)彼得·H·安东尼奥,凯瑟林·惠特曼.美国市场经济与21世纪商业趋势[M].北京：中 国人民大学出版社,2001.
[25]王磊.推动我国零售业态发展多样化的主要因素[J].商场现代化,2008：30-33
[26]李明武.国际零售业的发展趋势及原因分析[J].商业研究,2004(5)：21-23.
[27]LINDER J C,CANTRELL S. Five Business Model Myths that Hold Companies Back[J]. Strategy and Leadership,2006,29(6):13-18.
[28]HOWKINS R. The Business Model as a Research Problem in Electronic Commerce[J]. SPRU-Science and Technology Policy Research,2001:22-23.
[30]罗珉.组织管理学[M].成都：西南财经大学出版社,2003：22-23.
[31]翁君奕.商务模式创新[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2004：51-55.
[32]KMLAB Inc. The role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xerox Corporation's Technology Spin-off Companies [R].Harvard Business School, 2000:201-211.
[33]PETER W,VITALE M.Place to Space:Migrating to e-Business Models[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2001:96-101.
[34]GORDIJN J,J AKKERMANS,J VAN VLIET. Designing and Evaluating E-Business Models[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,16(4):11-17.
[35]OSTERWALDER A. The Business Model Ontology, a Propositional in a Design Science Approach. University de Lausanne Cole des Hates Etudes Commercial's.
[36]http://baike.baidu.com/view/1880835.htm
[37]http://www.chinaqking.com/201003/entry3481.htm
[38]杜鹏,王炬香,丁宝录.JIT环境下供需采购模型的研究[J].运筹与管理.2008(4)：93-97.
[39]齐二石.物流工程[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2001.
[40]叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[41]http://wiki.e-works.net.cn/wikipage/200906/entry6461.htm
[42]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[43]肖静.一汽——大众准时化配送系统及经济效果评价[D].吉林大学,2006
[2]Richardson, Helen L Pooling with Competitors[M].Transportation & Distribution 2006,11:105-106
[3]Bramel J,Simchi-Levi D The logic of Logistics-theory, algorithms, and applications for Logistics management[J].New York:Springer-Verlag,2006:78-89
[4]张蜀东.电子商务呼唤现代物流配送的发展与创新[J].中国物资流通.2006：46-94
[5]纪宝成,晏维龙.电子商务下的商品流通[J].经济理论与经济管理.2005：12-17
[6]丁俊发.发展中国物流要关注十大领域[J].中国经济快讯刊.2006：33-35
[7]Salhi, GK Rand.The effect of ignoring routes when locating depots. European Journal of Operational Research[J].1989,39:150-156.
[8]P H Hansen, B Hegedahl, S Hjortkjaer, B Obel. A heuristic solution to the warehouse location routing problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research.1994,76:111-127.
[9]J Perl, M S Daskin. A warehouse location routing problem[J]. Transportation Research,1985, 72:381-396.
[10]G Laporte. Location-routing problems, in:B L Golden, Assad. Vehicle Routing Methods and Studies[J]. North-Holland:Amsterdam,1988.
[11]I Or, W P Pierskalla. A transportation location-allocation model for regional blood banking[J]. AIIE Transactions.1979,11:86-95.
[12]周梅花.论集约化商品配送中心的选址[J].中国矿业大学学报.2000,29(6)：647-658.
[13]鲁晓春,詹荷生.关于配送中心重心法选址的研究[J].北方交通大学学报.2000.24(6)：108-110.
[14]付鹏程,刘金华.物流配送中心的选址决策应用[J].交通科技.2003,16(1)：80-82.
[15]S M Disney, M M Naim, D R. Towill. Genetic algorithm optimization of a class of inventory control systems[J]. International Journal of Production Economics.2000,68:259-278
[16]Chen F, Y S Zheng. Near-Optimal echelon-stock policies in multistage serial systems[J]. Operations Research.1998,46:592-602.
[17]Frank Chen, D krass. Analysis of supply contracts with minimum total order quantity commitments and non-stationary demands[J].European Journal of Operational Research. 1999,81:122-134.
[18]Frank Chen, Sin Hoon Hum, Jie Sun. Analysis of third-party warehousing contract with Commitments [J]. European Journal of Operational Research.2000,82:422-435.
[19]Glasserman P, Wang Y. Lead-time inventory tradeoffs in Assemble-to-order systems[J] Operations Research.1998,46(1):858-871.
[20]Liu S.C., Lin C.C.. A two-phase heuristic method for the multi-depot location routing problem taking inventory control decisions into consideration [J]. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2003,22(11):941-950.
[21]郭冬乐,宋则等.中国商业理论前沿第二版[M].北京：社会科学文献出版社,2001.
[22]李薇薇.连锁经营原理与实务[M].北京：中华工商联合出版社,1996
[23]陈顺霞等.商学概论[M]上海：上海财经大学出版社,1996.
[24](美)彼得·H·安东尼奥,凯瑟林·惠特曼.美国市场经济与21世纪商业趋势[M].北京：中 国人民大学出版社,2001.
[25]王磊.推动我国零售业态发展多样化的主要因素[J].商场现代化,2008：30-33
[26]李明武.国际零售业的发展趋势及原因分析[J].商业研究,2004(5)：21-23.
[27]LINDER J C,CANTRELL S. Five Business Model Myths that Hold Companies Back[J]. Strategy and Leadership,2006,29(6):13-18.
[28]HOWKINS R. The Business Model as a Research Problem in Electronic Commerce[J]. SPRU-Science and Technology Policy Research,2001:22-23.
[30]罗珉.组织管理学[M].成都：西南财经大学出版社,2003：22-23.
[31]翁君奕.商务模式创新[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2004：51-55.
[32]KMLAB Inc. The role of the Business Model in Capturing Value from Innovation:Evidence from Xerox Corporation's Technology Spin-off Companies [R].Harvard Business School, 2000:201-211.
[33]PETER W,VITALE M.Place to Space:Migrating to e-Business Models[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2001:96-101.
[34]GORDIJN J,J AKKERMANS,J VAN VLIET. Designing and Evaluating E-Business Models[J]. IEEE Intelligent Systems,2001,16(4):11-17.
[35]OSTERWALDER A. The Business Model Ontology, a Propositional in a Design Science Approach. University de Lausanne Cole des Hates Etudes Commercial's.
[36]http://baike.baidu.com/view/1880835.htm
[37]http://www.chinaqking.com/201003/entry3481.htm
[38]杜鹏,王炬香,丁宝录.JIT环境下供需采购模型的研究[J].运筹与管理.2008(4)：93-97.
[39]齐二石.物流工程[M].天津：天津大学出版社,2001.
[40]叶怀珍.现代物流学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[41]http://wiki.e-works.net.cn/wikipage/200906/entry6461.htm
[42]马士华,林勇.供应链管理[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2003.
[43]肖静.一汽——大众准时化配送系统及经济效果评价[D].吉林大学,2006