逆向物流系统的定位—路径—库存优化研究
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摘要
近年来,随着科技进步和人们生活水平的提高,消费者对产品的多样化和性能要求也越来越高,造成被淘汰和废弃的产品也越来越多,与此同时可利用资源也在不断减少,人们也愈来愈重视环保,而废弃资源还有很高的利用价值和经济价值,所以逆向物流收到越来越多的人重视。对于企业来讲,高效的对废弃产品进行再回收利用,不仅具有较好的社会意义,还可以给企业带来很好的利益。
设施定位、运输路线安排和库存控制是物流系统优化中的三个关键问题,而传统上大多是分别解决定位-配给问题LAP、路径问题VRP和库存控制问题,但实际上库存控制与设施定位和路径安排具有密切的联系,为此,有必要进一步分析三者之间的内在联系,进行定位-路径-库存(LRIP)的集成优化与管理。
基于上诉背景,本文在综述国内外对逆向物流的理论研究和实践的基础上,对逆向物流的概念、产生原因、特点、回收模式等进行了研究,并确定独立的第三方逆向物流是今后企业发展的趋势。在此基础上分别研究了需求确定环境下的再利用逆向物流系统和需求随机环境下的再制造逆向物流系统,分别分析了两个系统中设施定位、收集车辆的路径选择和库存控制策略的三者之间的联系,并建立了两者的最小成本模型。由于LRIP属于NP-Hard问题,无法用精确算法进行求解,所以本文又对再利用逆向物流系统优化和再制造逆向物流系统优化的求解算法进行了研究,提出了解决问题的两阶段启发式算法,最后通过算例对模型和算法的有效性进行了验证。
As the science and technology advanced and standard of peoplel's living improved,the demand of consumers to diversification and individuation of products was increasing,which resulted in more and more products were deserted as a result of fast speed of replacement of old products by new ones. And the useful resources decreased day by day and the legislationg is perfected.But there are high value and ecnomic value in the waste resources,so more and more peple are interested in reverse logistic.As enterprises how to highly reverse and reuse the waste resourse not only have good social significance,but also bring great benefits.
Facilities location,vehicle routing arrangement and inventory control are the key issues existed in optimiztion of logistics system.Usually Aocation-Allocation Problem (LAP)、Vehicle-Routing Problem(VRP) and inventory control problem were solved separately.In fact,there was a close relationship among inventory control,facilities location and vehicle routing arrangement.Therefore,it is necessary to make a further study on the internal relationship among these three problems,and make integrated optimization and management of Location-Routing-Inventory Problems (LRIP)
Backgroud on the appeal,the paper introduces the conception、characters、recovery mold and others of reverse logistics on the basis of summarizing domestic and overseas research and practices about reverse logistics management.And the paper comes to a conclusion that the independed third- party reverse logistics should be the development trend in the future. On the basis of current studies,we examinated the stochastic demand LPIP in reusing logistics system and the dynamic LPIP in remanufacuting logistics system.The location of recycle transfer station(recycle centre),the path selection of colleetion vehicles and inventory control strategy in this two reverse logistics systems were also analyzed, also stablished the minimum cost models.As the Location-Routing-Inventory problem is a NP-Hard problem,it can't be solved by using accurate algorithm,In this paper,two-phrase heuristic algorithm was employed to solve the models of mentioned above,and the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm were validated via illustrative example.
设施定位、运输路线安排和库存控制是物流系统优化中的三个关键问题,而传统上大多是分别解决定位-配给问题LAP、路径问题VRP和库存控制问题,但实际上库存控制与设施定位和路径安排具有密切的联系,为此,有必要进一步分析三者之间的内在联系,进行定位-路径-库存(LRIP)的集成优化与管理。
基于上诉背景,本文在综述国内外对逆向物流的理论研究和实践的基础上,对逆向物流的概念、产生原因、特点、回收模式等进行了研究,并确定独立的第三方逆向物流是今后企业发展的趋势。在此基础上分别研究了需求确定环境下的再利用逆向物流系统和需求随机环境下的再制造逆向物流系统,分别分析了两个系统中设施定位、收集车辆的路径选择和库存控制策略的三者之间的联系,并建立了两者的最小成本模型。由于LRIP属于NP-Hard问题,无法用精确算法进行求解,所以本文又对再利用逆向物流系统优化和再制造逆向物流系统优化的求解算法进行了研究,提出了解决问题的两阶段启发式算法,最后通过算例对模型和算法的有效性进行了验证。
As the science and technology advanced and standard of peoplel's living improved,the demand of consumers to diversification and individuation of products was increasing,which resulted in more and more products were deserted as a result of fast speed of replacement of old products by new ones. And the useful resources decreased day by day and the legislationg is perfected.But there are high value and ecnomic value in the waste resources,so more and more peple are interested in reverse logistic.As enterprises how to highly reverse and reuse the waste resourse not only have good social significance,but also bring great benefits.
Facilities location,vehicle routing arrangement and inventory control are the key issues existed in optimiztion of logistics system.Usually Aocation-Allocation Problem (LAP)、Vehicle-Routing Problem(VRP) and inventory control problem were solved separately.In fact,there was a close relationship among inventory control,facilities location and vehicle routing arrangement.Therefore,it is necessary to make a further study on the internal relationship among these three problems,and make integrated optimization and management of Location-Routing-Inventory Problems (LRIP)
Backgroud on the appeal,the paper introduces the conception、characters、recovery mold and others of reverse logistics on the basis of summarizing domestic and overseas research and practices about reverse logistics management.And the paper comes to a conclusion that the independed third- party reverse logistics should be the development trend in the future. On the basis of current studies,we examinated the stochastic demand LPIP in reusing logistics system and the dynamic LPIP in remanufacuting logistics system.The location of recycle transfer station(recycle centre),the path selection of colleetion vehicles and inventory control strategy in this two reverse logistics systems were also analyzed, also stablished the minimum cost models.As the Location-Routing-Inventory problem is a NP-Hard problem,it can't be solved by using accurate algorithm,In this paper,two-phrase heuristic algorithm was employed to solve the models of mentioned above,and the feasibility and validity of the model and algorithm were validated via illustrative example.
引文
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[3]http://2010lianghui.people.com.cn/GB/11134263.html
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[2]孙秋菊,郭兴宽.环境保护与物流[M].清华大学出版社,2004
[3]http://2010lianghui.people.com.cn/GB/11134263.html
[4]蒋惠园,王晚香.电子商务环境下逆向物流的实施[J].网络经济.2003(244)：40-41
[5]Stock J.R,Reverse Logistics(M),Council of Logistics Management,Oak Brook,IL,1992
[6]Rogers D.S,R.S. Tibben-Lembke,Going Backward:revers logistics trends and practices[J]. Reverse Logistics Executive Council,Pittsburgh,PA,1999.
[7]Marx-Gomez J,Rautenstrauch C,Nurnberger A,Kruse R.Neuro-fuzzy approach to forecase return of scrapped products to recycling[J].Knowledge-Based systems.2002,15:119-128
[8]Chouinard M,D'Amours S,Ait-Kadi D.Integration of reverse logistics activities within a supply chain information system[J].Computera in Industry.2005,56:105-124
[9]Jayaraman V,Patterson R.A,Roland E.The design of reverse distribution network:Models and solution procedures [J].European Journal of Operational Research.2003,150:128-149
[10]DethloffJ.Vehicle routing and reverse logistics:the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pick-up[J].Or Spectrum.2001,23(1);79-76
[11]Spicer AJ,Journal MR.Third-party demanufacturing as a solution for extended producer responsibility[J] Journal of Cleaner Production.2004,12:37-45
[12]Meade L.,Sarkis J.A conceptual model for selecting and evaluating third-party reverse logistics providers supply chain management[J].2002,Vol.7(5):283-295
[13]Morrell A L.The forgotten child of the supply chain.Modern materials handing[J].2001 (5):33-36
[14]Spicer A J, Johnson M R.Third-Party demanufacturing as a solution for extended Producer esponsibility[J] Journal of cleaner production.2004,(12):37-45
[15]Dennis W.Krmwiede,Chwen Sheu.A model for reverse logistics entry by third-Party Providers[J].Omega.2002,30:325-333
[16]Blanc I.Krieken M.v,Krikke,H.,Vehicle routing concepts in the closed-loop container network of ARN-a case study[J].Or Spectrum.2006,28:53-71
[17]Savaskan RC,Bhattacharya S.Van Wassenhove LN.Closed-loop supply chain models with product remanufacturing[J].Management Science.2004,50(2):239-252
[18]G.Nikolakopoulou,S.Kortesis,A.Synefaki,R.Kalfakakou.Solving a vehicle routing problem by balancing the vehicles time utilization[J].European Journal of Operational Research.152,2004:520-527
[19]Alvina G.H. Kek,Ruey Long Cheu,Qiang Meng.Distance-constrained capacitated vehicle routing problems with flexible assignment of start and end deports[J].Mathematical and Computer Modelling,2007:321-332
[20]C.D. Tarantilis,G.Ioannou,G.Prastacos.Advanced vehicle routing algorithms for complex operations management problems[J]. Journal of Food Engineering.70,2005:455-471
[21]R.Tavakkoli-Moghaddam,A.R.Saremi a,M.S.Ziaee.A memetic algorithm for a vehicle routing problem with backhauls[J].Applied Mathmatics and Computation.181,2006:12-18
[22]Ahmad Alshamrani,Kamlesh Mathur,Ronald H.Ballou.Reverse logistics:simutaneous design of delivery routes and returns strategies[J].Computers&Operations Researc-h.34,2007:595-619
[23]Paolo Toth,Daniele Vigo.A heuristic algorithm for the symmetric and asymmetric vehicle routing problems with backhauls[J].European Journal of Operational Research.11 3,1999:528-543
[24]G.Yazgi Tutuncu,Carlos A.C. Carretob,Barrie M.Bakerc.Avisual interactive approach to classical and mixed vehicle routing problem with backhauls[J].Omega,2006:265-276
[25]Zhiqiang Lu,Nathalie Bostel.A facility location model for logistics system including revers flows:The case of remanufacturing activities[J].Computer&Operations Research. 2007,34:299-323
[26]Dimitrios Vlachos,Romment Dekker.Retrun handling options and order quantities for single period products[J].European Journal of Operational Researh,2003(151):38-52
[27]Rainer Kleber,Stefan Minner,Gudrun Kiemuler,A continuous time inventory model for a product recovery system with multiple options [J].International Journal of Production Economics,2002(79):121-141
[28]Strategic safety stocks in reverse logistics supply chain,International Journal of production Economics,201 (71):417-428
[29]D.Ambrosino,Maria Grazia Scutell.Distribution network design:New problems and related model[J].European Journal of Operational Research165,2005:610-624
[30]S.B.Lee.A two-phase heuristic method for the multi-depot location routing problem taking inventory contorl decisions into consideration[J].Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2003:245-255
[31]S.C.Liu.A two-phase heuristic method for the multi-depot location routing problem taking inventory contorl decisions into consideration[J].Int J Adv Manuf Technol.2003:244-255
[32]S.C.Liu,C.C.Lin.A heuristic method for the combined locatin routing and inventory problem[J].Int J Adv Manuf Technol.2004
[33]张永娟.现代物流解决方案[M].中国物资出版社,2006
[34]郝冬梅.回收物流管理[M].中国社会科学出版社,2009
[35]蔡临宁.物流系统规划-建模及实例分析[M].机械工业出版社,2003：23-179
[36]孙明贵.回收物流管理[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007
[37]孙焰.现代物流管理技术-建模理论及算法设计[M].同济大学出版社,2004：8-228
[38]周磊山,杨杰,孟种,刘佳.包含逆向物流的供应链库存控制问题研究[J],北京交通大学学报,2006.02
[39]夏国平,赵秋红,汪寿阳.集成物流管理系统中定位-运输路线安排问题的研究[J].管理科学学报,2000：86-91
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