玫瑰精油化学成分及其功能性研究
|
摘要
玫瑰精油具有抑菌、抗氧化、抗敏感、保湿、促进细胞再生等功效；对呼吸系统、消化系统、循环系统以及生殖系统方面都有较好的功效；在情绪方面具有镇压、减压、安眠、抗冲突、缓解紧张和抗抑郁等作用,在化妆品、食品工业、医药等行业拥有广阔的应用和开发潜力。本文主要研究了水蒸气蒸馏法提取湖州产大马士革玫瑰精油的工艺条件；对水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)和顶空固相微萃取提取的玫瑰精油进行了GC-MS化学成分分析,并对比了上述三种方法得到的玫瑰精油成分的差异；分析了玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和伤寒鼠沙门氏菌的抑菌作用；初步探索了玫瑰精油对药物利血平诱发的小鼠抑郁模型的影响。旨在对玫瑰原料及玫瑰精油的开发应用提供参考依据。
主要研究成果如下：
1、通过单因素实验研究蒸馏时间、料液比、蒸馏液中氯化钠浓度对湖州产大马士革玫瑰精油提取率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,利用正交优化实验,分析优化了玫瑰精油的水蒸气蒸馏提取工艺。以精油提取率为指标,得到的优化后工艺条件为整花与含有15%氯化钠的蒸馏液按1：5的比例投料,蒸馏5h,在此条件下玫瑰精油的提取率达0.0799%。
2、通过分析顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油的成分,分别分离鉴定出45、55和48种化学成分,相对百分含量分别占到总提取精油含量的96.34%、96.17%和96.22%,三种方法提取的玫瑰精油中含量最高的均为D-香茅醇。
3、从顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油中共鉴定出87种化学成分,其中共有19种相同的化学成分。通过对比分析发现顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油的成分在种类、化合物相对含量上均有较大的差异。顶空固相微萃取获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以萜烯类、醇类和醛类为主,分别达到精油总含量的29.20%、49.10%和7.64%；水蒸气蒸馏之共水蒸馏获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以醇类、烷烃类和酯类为主,分别占到总精油含量的46.39%、25.81%和16.77%；水蒸气蒸馏之水上蒸馏获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以醇类、烷烃类、酯类和萜烯类为主,分别达到精油总含量的47.93%、19.98%、13.74%和9.05%。
4、抑菌试验中,通过滤纸片法测得玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别17.21、16.14、17.43mm,为中度敏感,具有较强的抑菌作用。通过试管梯度稀释法测得玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为1.25μl/ml,验证了滤纸片法的结果；进一步实验测得玫瑰精油对上述3种供试菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为1.25μl/ml,2.5μl/ml,1.25μl/ml。抑菌试验证明了玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌不仅有抑制作用,在一定浓度下,还可以完全杀死细菌。可见玫瑰精油在预防和治疗由细菌引起的疾病方面有一定潜能。
5、抗抑郁试验发现玫瑰精油通过滴鼻给药和香薰给药在拮抗利血平诱发的小鼠体温下降和小鼠眼睑下垂方面有不同的作用效果,拮抗小鼠体温下降无显著性差异；而拮抗造模4h后小鼠眼睑下垂有显著性作用,可能玫瑰精油发挥抗抑郁作用在长期疗效上有更好效果；自主活动实验发现玫瑰精油通过香薰可明显抑制小鼠的自主活动,可能玫瑰精油香薰对中枢有一定的镇静作用。此外,玫瑰精油滴鼻给药高、中、低剂量组对拮抗利血平诱发的小鼠眼睑下垂无显著性效果,但是低剂量组和中剂量组对拮抗小鼠体温下降有显著性效果。通过上述利血平抑郁模型初步研究发现了玫瑰精油具有一定的抗抑郁作用,但是仍需进行进一步深入的研究。
Rose essential oil has antibacterial, antioxidant effect, antiallergic effect, moisturizing effect. It can also promote cells regeneration and have good effect on respiratory system, digestive system, circulation system and reproductive system. Apart from that, rose essential oil can help reducing pressure, easing tension, promoting sleep and prevent neurological disease such as depression, anxiety and so on. It has wide application prospects in cosmetics industry, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. This paper mainly studies the steam distillation in Rosa damascena,which planted in Huzhou prefecture. The components of Rosa damascena essential oil were extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation, including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation were analysed by GC-MS. At the same time, the differences of the volatile composition of Rosa damascena were also contrasted. In this paper, Rosa damascena essential oil's bacteriostatic action and antidepressant action were studied too, which aimed at providing a reference basis for application of Rosa damascena and its essential oil. The main research results are as follows:
1.The effect of distillation time, material to liquid ratio, concentration of sodium chloride and pretreatment of Rosa damascena on the extraction rate of Rosa damascena essential oil were researched by single factor experiment. On the basis of single factor experiment, the Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by Steam distillation process were optimized by using of orthogonal optimization experiment. Optimization of process parameters for Rosa damascena essential oil was mixing the whole flowers and 5 times distillation liquid contained 15% sodium chloride and distilling 5 hours. The finally extracted rate of Rosa damascena essential oil was 0.0799%.
2.The chemical composition of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation were analysed by GC-MS.45,55and48 chemical components were respectively identified in the above three methods and the percentage content of them was respectively 96.34%,96.17% and 96.22%.6-Octen-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-was the highest content in three methods.
3.87 chemical components were identified in Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation,19 chemical components could find in all three methods. According to a contrast and analysis, the author found that the chemical composition and percentage of content was quite different. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME were tepenes, alcohols and aldehydes, respectively accounting for 29.20%,49.10% and 7.64% of the total amount of rose essential oil. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by coeno-water distillation were alcohols, esters and alkanes, respectively accounting for 46.39%、25.81% and 16.77% of the total amount of rose essential oil. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by water and steam distillation were alcohols, esters, alkanes and terpenes, respectively accounting for 47.93%、19.98%、13.74% and 9.05% of the total respectively accounting for rose essential oil.
4.The in vitro antibacterial effect of Rosa damascena essential oil was studied. The bacteriostasis function of rose essential oil on Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimrium were tested by filtering paper method and tube double dilution method. The determination of diameter of inhibiting Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were 17.21,16.14,17.43mm, which belonged to moderate sensitive. The method of doubling deletion in test tube was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration. The MICs of Rosa damascena essential oil on Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were all 1.25μl/ml, and the MBCs on three tested bacteria were 1.25μl/ml,2.5μl/ml,1.25μl/ml. Bacteriostatic experiment proved that Rosa damascena essential oil did not only have the bacteriostatic effect, but also have sterilization effect at certain concentration. These results show that Rosa damascena essential oil have great potential application in the prevention and treatment of disease caused by bacteria.
5.Experimental model mice of depression were induced by reserpine for observing the correlation of the drug with Rosa damascena essential oil through olfactory system, including the degree of ptosis and body temperature. The results showed that there were different antagonisms in the degree of ptosis and body temperature. In reserpine model, there was no significant difference in antagonist mice hypothermia, however, there was significant difference in antagonist mice the degree of ptosis after building model 4 hours. Rose essential oil may play a better role in the long-term antidepressant effect. Independent activity test showed that rose essential oil could significantly inhibit the mice aromatherapy independent activities, which suggested that rose essential oil might restrain central nervous system. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences in antagonist mice the degree of ptosis among the high dosage group, middle dose group and the low dosage group. Whereas, the middle dose group and the low dosage group exhibited an excellent antagonism to mice hypothermia which induced by reserpine. In preliminary, it can predict that rose essential oil has the potential of preventing depression.
主要研究成果如下：
1、通过单因素实验研究蒸馏时间、料液比、蒸馏液中氯化钠浓度对湖州产大马士革玫瑰精油提取率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,利用正交优化实验,分析优化了玫瑰精油的水蒸气蒸馏提取工艺。以精油提取率为指标,得到的优化后工艺条件为整花与含有15%氯化钠的蒸馏液按1：5的比例投料,蒸馏5h,在此条件下玫瑰精油的提取率达0.0799%。
2、通过分析顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油的成分,分别分离鉴定出45、55和48种化学成分,相对百分含量分别占到总提取精油含量的96.34%、96.17%和96.22%,三种方法提取的玫瑰精油中含量最高的均为D-香茅醇。
3、从顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油中共鉴定出87种化学成分,其中共有19种相同的化学成分。通过对比分析发现顶空固相微萃取和两种水蒸气蒸馏(共水蒸馏和水上蒸馏)法提取的玫瑰精油的成分在种类、化合物相对含量上均有较大的差异。顶空固相微萃取获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以萜烯类、醇类和醛类为主,分别达到精油总含量的29.20%、49.10%和7.64%；水蒸气蒸馏之共水蒸馏获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以醇类、烷烃类和酯类为主,分别占到总精油含量的46.39%、25.81%和16.77%；水蒸气蒸馏之水上蒸馏获得的玫瑰精油化学成分中以醇类、烷烃类、酯类和萜烯类为主,分别达到精油总含量的47.93%、19.98%、13.74%和9.05%。
4、抑菌试验中,通过滤纸片法测得玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌圈直径分别17.21、16.14、17.43mm,为中度敏感,具有较强的抑菌作用。通过试管梯度稀释法测得玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为1.25μl/ml,验证了滤纸片法的结果；进一步实验测得玫瑰精油对上述3种供试菌的最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为1.25μl/ml,2.5μl/ml,1.25μl/ml。抑菌试验证明了玫瑰精油对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌不仅有抑制作用,在一定浓度下,还可以完全杀死细菌。可见玫瑰精油在预防和治疗由细菌引起的疾病方面有一定潜能。
5、抗抑郁试验发现玫瑰精油通过滴鼻给药和香薰给药在拮抗利血平诱发的小鼠体温下降和小鼠眼睑下垂方面有不同的作用效果,拮抗小鼠体温下降无显著性差异；而拮抗造模4h后小鼠眼睑下垂有显著性作用,可能玫瑰精油发挥抗抑郁作用在长期疗效上有更好效果；自主活动实验发现玫瑰精油通过香薰可明显抑制小鼠的自主活动,可能玫瑰精油香薰对中枢有一定的镇静作用。此外,玫瑰精油滴鼻给药高、中、低剂量组对拮抗利血平诱发的小鼠眼睑下垂无显著性效果,但是低剂量组和中剂量组对拮抗小鼠体温下降有显著性效果。通过上述利血平抑郁模型初步研究发现了玫瑰精油具有一定的抗抑郁作用,但是仍需进行进一步深入的研究。
Rose essential oil has antibacterial, antioxidant effect, antiallergic effect, moisturizing effect. It can also promote cells regeneration and have good effect on respiratory system, digestive system, circulation system and reproductive system. Apart from that, rose essential oil can help reducing pressure, easing tension, promoting sleep and prevent neurological disease such as depression, anxiety and so on. It has wide application prospects in cosmetics industry, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. This paper mainly studies the steam distillation in Rosa damascena,which planted in Huzhou prefecture. The components of Rosa damascena essential oil were extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation, including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation were analysed by GC-MS. At the same time, the differences of the volatile composition of Rosa damascena were also contrasted. In this paper, Rosa damascena essential oil's bacteriostatic action and antidepressant action were studied too, which aimed at providing a reference basis for application of Rosa damascena and its essential oil. The main research results are as follows:
1.The effect of distillation time, material to liquid ratio, concentration of sodium chloride and pretreatment of Rosa damascena on the extraction rate of Rosa damascena essential oil were researched by single factor experiment. On the basis of single factor experiment, the Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by Steam distillation process were optimized by using of orthogonal optimization experiment. Optimization of process parameters for Rosa damascena essential oil was mixing the whole flowers and 5 times distillation liquid contained 15% sodium chloride and distilling 5 hours. The finally extracted rate of Rosa damascena essential oil was 0.0799%.
2.The chemical composition of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation were analysed by GC-MS.45,55and48 chemical components were respectively identified in the above three methods and the percentage content of them was respectively 96.34%,96.17% and 96.22%.6-Octen-1-ol,3,7-dimethyl-, (R)-was the highest content in three methods.
3.87 chemical components were identified in Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME, Steam distillation including coeno-water distillation and water and steam distillation,19 chemical components could find in all three methods. According to a contrast and analysis, the author found that the chemical composition and percentage of content was quite different. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by HS-SPME were tepenes, alcohols and aldehydes, respectively accounting for 29.20%,49.10% and 7.64% of the total amount of rose essential oil. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by coeno-water distillation were alcohols, esters and alkanes, respectively accounting for 46.39%、25.81% and 16.77% of the total amount of rose essential oil. The major chemical components of Rosa damascena essential oil extracted by water and steam distillation were alcohols, esters, alkanes and terpenes, respectively accounting for 47.93%、19.98%、13.74% and 9.05% of the total respectively accounting for rose essential oil.
4.The in vitro antibacterial effect of Rosa damascena essential oil was studied. The bacteriostasis function of rose essential oil on Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimrium were tested by filtering paper method and tube double dilution method. The determination of diameter of inhibiting Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were 17.21,16.14,17.43mm, which belonged to moderate sensitive. The method of doubling deletion in test tube was used to detect the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration. The MICs of Rosa damascena essential oil on Eschirichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium were all 1.25μl/ml, and the MBCs on three tested bacteria were 1.25μl/ml,2.5μl/ml,1.25μl/ml. Bacteriostatic experiment proved that Rosa damascena essential oil did not only have the bacteriostatic effect, but also have sterilization effect at certain concentration. These results show that Rosa damascena essential oil have great potential application in the prevention and treatment of disease caused by bacteria.
5.Experimental model mice of depression were induced by reserpine for observing the correlation of the drug with Rosa damascena essential oil through olfactory system, including the degree of ptosis and body temperature. The results showed that there were different antagonisms in the degree of ptosis and body temperature. In reserpine model, there was no significant difference in antagonist mice hypothermia, however, there was significant difference in antagonist mice the degree of ptosis after building model 4 hours. Rose essential oil may play a better role in the long-term antidepressant effect. Independent activity test showed that rose essential oil could significantly inhibit the mice aromatherapy independent activities, which suggested that rose essential oil might restrain central nervous system. Furthermore, there were no statistical differences in antagonist mice the degree of ptosis among the high dosage group, middle dose group and the low dosage group. Whereas, the middle dose group and the low dosage group exhibited an excellent antagonism to mice hypothermia which induced by reserpine. In preliminary, it can predict that rose essential oil has the potential of preventing depression.
引文
[1]王多宁.玫瑰花的综合利用及开发前景[J].黑龙江农业科学,2010,(1)：117-120.
[2]李明,田永云,刘泗明,张柄桢.中药玫瑰花的本草学考证[J].时珍国医国药,2009,(4)：952-953.
[3]丁德生.国外香料工业动态与我国发展香料之前景[J].上海轻工业,1994,(2)：39-41.
[4]中国香料植物栽培与加工编写组.中国香料植物栽培与加工[M].北京：轻工业出版社,1985.
[5]马俊,王康才.中国药用玫瑰本草考证与生产开发现状[J].现代中药研究与实践,2008,22(1)：32-34.
[6]Watanabe L, Tamogam S. Ester compounds of rose concrete(Rose damascena)[M]. Kyoto Preceedings of International Congress of Essential Oils,1977,461-466.
[7]马希汉.玫瑰精油芬芳的诱惑[J].生命世界,2006,(2)：18-23.
[8]程劫,谢建春,孙宝国.国产玫瑰精油的化学成分及其香气特征[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,(5)：66-70.
[9]朱岳麟,王文广,熊常健.玫瑰精油化学成分分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(9)：1253-1257.
[10]明·姚可成(著),连美君,楼绍来点校.食物本草[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1994：949.
[11]孟爱君.玫瑰花的药理作用[J].社区医学杂志,2009,7(2)：71-72.
[12]安徽省卫生局,安徽中草药编写组.安徽中草药[M].合肥：安徽人民出版社,1957：367.
[13]张寿颐.本草正义前集[M].上海：中华书局,1932：15.
[14]浙江医科大学.1960年科研论文资料汇编(第三分册)[M].杭州：浙江医科大学,1960,81.
[15]牛淑敏,朱颂华,李巍,王冬,王春花,刘方.中药材玫瑰花抗氧化及作用机制的研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2004,37(2)：29-33.
[16]李明,李艳芳,孙永超.中药玫瑰花的研究进展[J].卫生职业教育,2007,(8)：146-148.
[17]张秀兰,凌泽坤,刘志林,江广增,王元书.玫瑰舒心口服液治疗气滞血瘀型冠心病心绞痛的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,(07)：414.
[18]李红芳,庞锦江,丁永辉,卫玉玲.玫瑰花水煎剂对兔离体主动脉平滑肌张力的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2002,(2)：20-21.
[19]李宇晶,杨永新,康金国.新疆玫瑰花、肉苁蓉对大鼠缺血心肌的保护作用[J].新疆中医药,1998,16(1)：49-51.
[20]王世军,陈强,乐向东,赵鲁鸣,张勇.中药药物香烟提取物对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响[J].山东生物医学工程,1994,13(2)：32-37.
[21]王军,乐向东,蒋继强,王岩,王世军.玫瑰花总提取物对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响[J].山东生物医学工程,1997,16(4)：20-23.
[22]河北省卫生厅,商业厅医药局.河北药材[M].石家庄：河北人民出版社,1959：154.
[23]马希汉,王永红,尉芹,张广军.玫瑰精油提取工艺研究[J].林产化学与工业,2004,(24)：80-84.
[24]郭永来,孟宪水.玫瑰精油生产中工艺参数的控制[J].香料香精化妆品,1992,(3)：35-36.
[25]邱云彪.一种玫瑰精油的提取方法：中国.CN200410029668.5[P],2005-12-21.
[26]张睿,魏安智,杨途熙,撒文清,杨恒,杜保国.秦渭玫瑰精油提取工艺研究[J]林业科学,2005,41(4)：215-218.
[27]Kurkcuoglu M,Baser K.H.C.Studies on turkish rose concrete,absolute,and hydrosol[J].Chemistry of natural compounds,2003,39(55):457-464.
[28]李斌,孟宪军,智红涛,颜廷才,张琦,刘辉.SCF-CO2对玫瑰精油提取的研究及GC/MS分析[J].农业科技与装备,2007,(6)：46-49.
[29]张琦,李斌,孟宪军,刘辉,柯大俭,金玉松.超临界萃取和分子蒸馏技术对玫瑰精油提取分离的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2006,21(2)：72-74.
[30]何熹,韩宁,庄桂东.利用CO2超临界二次萃取方法提取玫瑰精油[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(8)：3353-3354,3356.
[31]郭永来,吕传润,赵杰,张静菊,刘泗明.利用分子蒸馏技术提取玫瑰精油的工艺研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2009,(5)：5-7.
[32]方向,朱跃钊,凌祥,廖传华.玫瑰精油超临界二氧化碳萃取的试验研究[J].林产 化学与工业,2010,30(3)：83-87.
[33]张冬.微波萃取法提取玫瑰精油的工艺研究[J].中国科技纵横,2010,(18)：53,27.
[34]任艳奎,许松林,栾礼侠.应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯玫瑰精油[J].应用化工,2005,(8)：509-512.
[35]赵汉臣,杨峰,武晓琼,靳英华,闫荟,邓源.超临界流体萃取法提取玫瑰挥发油的实验研究[J]中国药房,2005,16(15)：1132-1133.
[36]韩荣伟,庄桂东,安桂香,于忠娜,段元斐,张军,迟玉森.利用SFE-MD技术分离提纯玫瑰精油及其成分分析[J].精细化工,2006,23(6)：553-557.
[37]郭永来,张静菊,王庆文,郭锋,李洪英.从玫瑰花渣中提取玫瑰精油的技术研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2010,(6)：21-24.
[38]王淑敏,刘春明,邢俊鹏,刘志强,刘淑莹.玫瑰花中挥发油成分的超临界萃取及质谱分析[J].质谱学报,2006,27(1)：45-49.
[39]李玉杰,刘晓蕾,刘霞,吴楠,彭霄,梁璐,付玉杰.玫瑰精油的化学成分及抗菌活性[J].植物研究,2009,29(4)：488-491.
[40]我国最大的玫瑰精油提炼项目落户吴兴[J],精细与专用化学品,2009,(9),10.
[41]Toyoshi U,Hiroyasu I, Kimiyo N, Miho Y, Hiroko O, Misao S, Masatoshi M. Anticonflict effects of rose oil and identification of its active constituents[J].Life Sciences,2002,72(1):91-102.
[42]Rios J.L,Recio M.C, Villar A. Screening methods for natural antimicrobial products with antimicrobial activity:a review of the literature [J] Journal of Ethnopharmacology,1988,23:127-149.
[43]Hammer K.A,Carson C.F,Riley T.V. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology,1999,86,:985-990.
[44]NCCLS,2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard—Fifth edition. NCCLS document M7-A5. [ISBN 1-56238-394-9] NCCLS,940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, PA 19087-1898. USA.
[45]Sara B.Essential oils:their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,94(3):223-253.
[46]Romanov K, Varjonen J, Kaprio J,Kaprio J,Koskenvuo M.Life events and depressiveness the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors,somatic health and genetic liability[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2003,107(1):25-33.
[47]World bank:Global Economic prospects and developing countries[M]. Washington,DC:world bank,1993.
[48]袁粤,林凌云.植物提取物抗抑郁作用研究进展[J].医学综述,2008,14(7)：1102-1104.
[49]韩迎辰.抑郁症及抗抑郁天然药物研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2005,23(1)：3-5.
[50]袁长春,袁花.抗焦虑与抗抑郁的天然药物研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(5)：22-25.
[51]毕丽丽,肖志芳,邹伟,唐小卿.5—HT1A受体与抑郁症相关性研究[J].中国现代医药杂志,2011,13(7)：120-121.
[52]Elhwuegi AS.Central monoamines and their role in major depression[J].Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry,2004,28(3):435-51.
[53]Celada P,Puig M,AmargOs-Bosch M,Puig M.V, Adell A, Artigas F.The therapeutic role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in depression[J].J Psychiatry Neurosci,2004,29(4):252-265.
[54]郝强,赵冰,田杰.抗抑郁药作用新机制进展[J].医学信息,2011,24(7)：43-44.
[55]Moffoot AP, Occarroy RE,Bennie J.Diurnal variation of mood and neuropsychological function in major depression with melancholia[J].J Affect Disord,1994,32(4):257.
[56]何舒,林渝峰,李霞.抑郁症的发病机制研究进展[J].四川生理科学杂志,2006,28(3)：126-128.
[57]SchUle C.Neuroendocrinological mechanisms of actions of antidepressant drugs[J]. J Neuroendoerinol,2007,19(3):213-226.
[58]陆小兵,杨东英,姚建新,沐楠,党亚梅,薛立庆,杨梦心.中西医治疗抑郁症疗效及对HPA、HPT、HPG轴影响研究[J]临床医学工程,2011,18(8)：1265-1267.
[59]祖蓓蓓.抑郁症与免疫抑制[J].国外医学精神病分册,2004,31(2)：97-99.
[60]Duman RS,Monteggia L.M.A.Neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders[J].Biol.Psychiatry,2006,59(12):1116-1127.
[61]Schmidt HD,Duman RS.The role ofneurotrophic factors in adult hippocarnpal neurogenesis,antidepressant treatments and animal models of depressive-like behavior [J].Behav Pharmacol,2007,18(5-6):391-418.
[62]董继承,李吉祝,王殉.抑郁症免疫功能变化的研究进展[J].四川神经卫生,2010,23(4)：253-255.
[63]胡大吉,丁桂霞,李有田.细胞因子异常与抑郁症的发生[J].中华中医药学刊,2007,25(3)：516-517.
[64]Stewart RJ,Chen B,Dowlatshahi D,Macqueen G.M,Young L.T.Abnormalities in the cAMP signaling pathway in post-mortem brain tissue from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium[J].Bmin Res Bull,2001,55(5):625-629.
[65]易正辉,方贻儒,禹顺英.抑郁症脑组织基因差异表达研究进展[J]中国神经精神疾病杂志,2010,(1)：56-59.
[68]易正辉,方贻儒,王祖承.抑郁症神经生化和神经电生理学研究进展[J]中国新药与临床杂志,2005,24(9)：676-679.
[69]潘园园,端义扬,徐乐平.抑郁症脑影像学研究进展[J].神经医学杂志,2009,22(2)：158-160.
[70]牟君,谢鹏.海马神经发生障碍—抑郁症发病机制的新观念[J].第三军医大学学报,2006,28(11)：1264-1266.
[71]杨坤,谢光荣,贺达仁.抑郁病因学研究及其哲学思考[J].临床心身疾病杂志,2006,12(5)：395-398.
[72]郭建友,李昌煜,葛卫红.抑郁症动物模型研究进展[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(10)：1932-1933.
[73]Porsolt RD, Lepichon M, Jalfre M. Depression:a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatmentl[J].Nature,1977,266:730-732.
[74]Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon p. The tail suspension test:a new method for screening antidepressants in mice[J].Psychopharmacology(Berl),1985,85(3):367-370.
[75]张雪琴,崔跃,骆渊,静进.抑郁症的环境应激动物模型研究[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2010,10(1)：100-101.
[76]Dwivedi Y, Mondal A C, Shukla P K, et al. Altered protein kinase a in brain of learned helpless rats:effects of acute and repeated stress[J].Biological Psychiatry, 2004,56：30-40.
[77]亓晓丽,林文娟.焦虑和抑郁动物模型的研究方法和策略[J].心理科学进展,2005,13(3)：327-332.
[78]Katz R, Hersch S. Amitriptyline and scopolamine in an animal model of depression[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1981,5:265-271.
[79]Willner P,Muscat R,Papp M.chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia:arealistic animal model of depression[J].Neurosci Biobehav Bey,1992,16(4):525-534.
[80]王海涛,薛黎明,秦雪梅,张丽增,王梅芳,朴晋华.慢性不可预知和慢性束缚应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(1)：157-160.
[81]VryLD,SchreiberR.The chronic mild stress depression model:future developments from drug discoveuperspective[J].Psychopharmcology,1997,134(3):349-350.
[82]Porsoh RD.Animal models of depression:Utility for transgenic research[J].Rev Neurosci,2000,11(1):53-58.
[83]贺小江,文洪宇.抗抑郁中药及其抑郁动物模型研究综述[J].中国医药指南,2009,7(10)：211-213.
[84]王雀良,潘集阳,刘亚平,王丝丝.抑郁症动物模型的回顾与展望[J].广东医学,2011,32(7)：932-935.
[85]Solberg LC,Olson SL,Turek FW.Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WKY rat,a pulative animal model of depression[J].AM Physiol Reful Integr Comp Physio 1,2001,281(3):786-794.
[86]Jimenez-Vasquez PA,Overstreet DH,Mathe AA.Neuropeptide Y in male and femal brains of Flinders Sensitive Line,a rat model of depression,Effects of electroconvulsive stimuli[J].J Psychiatr Res 2000,34(6):405-412.
[87]Yadid G,Nakash R,Deri I.Elucidation of the neurobiology of depression:insi-ghts from a novel genetic animal model[J].Prog Neurobiol,2000,62(4):353-358.
[88]陈世平.抗抑郁天然药物的研究进展[J].医药化工,2008,(4)：22-27.
[89]王群红,李宏建,王介明.芳香疗法与芳香油的临床应用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2011,23(6)：326-330.
[90]黄顺红,李丽香.音乐加精油香治疗抑郁症[J].东南国防医药,2005,7(2)：128-129.
[91]Fernandez M,Hernandez-Reif M,Field T. EEG During lavender and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed and non2depressed mothers [J]. Infant Behav Develop,2004,27 (1):91-100.
[92]黄慧,杨静.芳香疗法与现代妇女保健[J].国外医学妇幼保健分册,2005,16(5)：329-331.
[93]沈虹.精油的芳香疗法[J].日用化学品科学,2011,34(9)：42-46.
[94]张菊.芳香治疗在情绪减压方面的应用[J].医学信息,2010,23(4)：968-970.
[95]佟琴琴,姚雷.迷迭香和柠檬草的精油以及活体香气的抗抑郁作用的研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2009,27(1)：82-85.
[96]张睿,魏安智,杨途熙,撒文清,杨恒.商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(7)：1477-1479.
[97]陈晓明,朱鼎程.固相微萃取—气质联用分析芝麻油的挥发性成分研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(2)：570-574.
[98]韩志辉,付胜,余克平.顶空固相微萃取-气象色谱法测定水中四氢呋喃的研究[J].工业水处理,2011,31(1)：68-70.
[99]杨占南,何前松,彭全材,杨卫平,冯泳.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定毛吴茱萸挥发性化学成分[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(10)：2501-2505.
[100]杨再波,康文艺,钟才宁,孙成斌,毛海立.侧柏叶挥发油化学成分固相微萃取分析[J].精细化工,2008,25(4)：342-346.
[101]牛丽影,吴继红,廖小军,等.不同类型橙汁挥发性风味成分的测定与比较[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(1)：119-124.
[102]余珍,易元芬,吴玉等.几种玫瑰精油的化学成分及香气比较[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(1)：75-80.
[103]林硕,邵平,马新,孙培龙.紫苏挥发油化学成分GC/MS分析及抑菌评价研究[J].2009,23(3)：477-481.
[104]Friendman M,Philip R.H,Robert E.M.Bactericidal activities of plant essential oil-s and some oftheir isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica[J].Journal of Food Protection, 2002,65(10):1545-1560.
[105]陈泽慧,田应彪,叶丽红,胡永林,刘清亮,刘隆忠.五味子及石榴皮等中药对产 于非产MBL铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性研究[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2010,20(2)：168.
[106]蔡建秀,尤祖卿,黄晓冬,吴政声.天竺桂挥发油化学成分及抑菌活性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(5)：404-408.
[107]Weerakkody N S,Caffin N,Turner M S.In vitro antimicrobial activity of less-utilized spice and herb extracts against selected food-bome bacteria[J].Food Control,2010,21:1408-1414.
[108]马烁,吴朝霞,张琦,张旋.艾蒿中黄酮的提取纯化及抑菌实验[J].中国食品添加剂,2011,(2)：71-78.
[109]张兴,邓淑华,佟继铭.满药赤雹果挥发油体外抗菌活性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(5)：1089-1090.
[110]Rota M C, Herrera A, Martinez R M,et al.Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris,Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils[J].Food Control,2008,19:681-687.
[111]楼兴隆,李晓明,张鞍灵,丁虹茹,高锦明.丁香油抑菌成分研究[J].西北农业学报,2006,15(3)：91-92.
[112]Yasryuki H. The Phytochemistry of Rosa Rugosa[J].Phytochemistry,1996,43(3): 535-549.
[113]马希汉,王永红,胡亚云,张广军.玫瑰精油研究[J].西北林学,2004,19(4)：138-141.
[2]李明,田永云,刘泗明,张柄桢.中药玫瑰花的本草学考证[J].时珍国医国药,2009,(4)：952-953.
[3]丁德生.国外香料工业动态与我国发展香料之前景[J].上海轻工业,1994,(2)：39-41.
[4]中国香料植物栽培与加工编写组.中国香料植物栽培与加工[M].北京：轻工业出版社,1985.
[5]马俊,王康才.中国药用玫瑰本草考证与生产开发现状[J].现代中药研究与实践,2008,22(1)：32-34.
[6]Watanabe L, Tamogam S. Ester compounds of rose concrete(Rose damascena)[M]. Kyoto Preceedings of International Congress of Essential Oils,1977,461-466.
[7]马希汉.玫瑰精油芬芳的诱惑[J].生命世界,2006,(2)：18-23.
[8]程劫,谢建春,孙宝国.国产玫瑰精油的化学成分及其香气特征[J].中国食品添加剂,2007,(5)：66-70.
[9]朱岳麟,王文广,熊常健.玫瑰精油化学成分分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2009,35(9)：1253-1257.
[10]明·姚可成(著),连美君,楼绍来点校.食物本草[M].北京：人民卫生出版社,1994：949.
[11]孟爱君.玫瑰花的药理作用[J].社区医学杂志,2009,7(2)：71-72.
[12]安徽省卫生局,安徽中草药编写组.安徽中草药[M].合肥：安徽人民出版社,1957：367.
[13]张寿颐.本草正义前集[M].上海：中华书局,1932：15.
[14]浙江医科大学.1960年科研论文资料汇编(第三分册)[M].杭州：浙江医科大学,1960,81.
[15]牛淑敏,朱颂华,李巍,王冬,王春花,刘方.中药材玫瑰花抗氧化及作用机制的研究[J].南开大学学报(自然科学版),2004,37(2)：29-33.
[16]李明,李艳芳,孙永超.中药玫瑰花的研究进展[J].卫生职业教育,2007,(8)：146-148.
[17]张秀兰,凌泽坤,刘志林,江广增,王元书.玫瑰舒心口服液治疗气滞血瘀型冠心病心绞痛的研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1992,(07)：414.
[18]李红芳,庞锦江,丁永辉,卫玉玲.玫瑰花水煎剂对兔离体主动脉平滑肌张力的影响[J].中药药理与临床,2002,(2)：20-21.
[19]李宇晶,杨永新,康金国.新疆玫瑰花、肉苁蓉对大鼠缺血心肌的保护作用[J].新疆中医药,1998,16(1)：49-51.
[20]王世军,陈强,乐向东,赵鲁鸣,张勇.中药药物香烟提取物对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响[J].山东生物医学工程,1994,13(2)：32-37.
[21]王军,乐向东,蒋继强,王岩,王世军.玫瑰花总提取物对小鼠肠系膜微循环的影响[J].山东生物医学工程,1997,16(4)：20-23.
[22]河北省卫生厅,商业厅医药局.河北药材[M].石家庄：河北人民出版社,1959：154.
[23]马希汉,王永红,尉芹,张广军.玫瑰精油提取工艺研究[J].林产化学与工业,2004,(24)：80-84.
[24]郭永来,孟宪水.玫瑰精油生产中工艺参数的控制[J].香料香精化妆品,1992,(3)：35-36.
[25]邱云彪.一种玫瑰精油的提取方法：中国.CN200410029668.5[P],2005-12-21.
[26]张睿,魏安智,杨途熙,撒文清,杨恒,杜保国.秦渭玫瑰精油提取工艺研究[J]林业科学,2005,41(4)：215-218.
[27]Kurkcuoglu M,Baser K.H.C.Studies on turkish rose concrete,absolute,and hydrosol[J].Chemistry of natural compounds,2003,39(55):457-464.
[28]李斌,孟宪军,智红涛,颜廷才,张琦,刘辉.SCF-CO2对玫瑰精油提取的研究及GC/MS分析[J].农业科技与装备,2007,(6)：46-49.
[29]张琦,李斌,孟宪军,刘辉,柯大俭,金玉松.超临界萃取和分子蒸馏技术对玫瑰精油提取分离的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2006,21(2)：72-74.
[30]何熹,韩宁,庄桂东.利用CO2超临界二次萃取方法提取玫瑰精油[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(8)：3353-3354,3356.
[31]郭永来,吕传润,赵杰,张静菊,刘泗明.利用分子蒸馏技术提取玫瑰精油的工艺研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2009,(5)：5-7.
[32]方向,朱跃钊,凌祥,廖传华.玫瑰精油超临界二氧化碳萃取的试验研究[J].林产 化学与工业,2010,30(3)：83-87.
[33]张冬.微波萃取法提取玫瑰精油的工艺研究[J].中国科技纵横,2010,(18)：53,27.
[34]任艳奎,许松林,栾礼侠.应用分子蒸馏技术分离提纯玫瑰精油[J].应用化工,2005,(8)：509-512.
[35]赵汉臣,杨峰,武晓琼,靳英华,闫荟,邓源.超临界流体萃取法提取玫瑰挥发油的实验研究[J]中国药房,2005,16(15)：1132-1133.
[36]韩荣伟,庄桂东,安桂香,于忠娜,段元斐,张军,迟玉森.利用SFE-MD技术分离提纯玫瑰精油及其成分分析[J].精细化工,2006,23(6)：553-557.
[37]郭永来,张静菊,王庆文,郭锋,李洪英.从玫瑰花渣中提取玫瑰精油的技术研究[J].香料香精化妆品,2010,(6)：21-24.
[38]王淑敏,刘春明,邢俊鹏,刘志强,刘淑莹.玫瑰花中挥发油成分的超临界萃取及质谱分析[J].质谱学报,2006,27(1)：45-49.
[39]李玉杰,刘晓蕾,刘霞,吴楠,彭霄,梁璐,付玉杰.玫瑰精油的化学成分及抗菌活性[J].植物研究,2009,29(4)：488-491.
[40]我国最大的玫瑰精油提炼项目落户吴兴[J],精细与专用化学品,2009,(9),10.
[41]Toyoshi U,Hiroyasu I, Kimiyo N, Miho Y, Hiroko O, Misao S, Masatoshi M. Anticonflict effects of rose oil and identification of its active constituents[J].Life Sciences,2002,72(1):91-102.
[42]Rios J.L,Recio M.C, Villar A. Screening methods for natural antimicrobial products with antimicrobial activity:a review of the literature [J] Journal of Ethnopharmacology,1988,23:127-149.
[43]Hammer K.A,Carson C.F,Riley T.V. Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology,1999,86,:985-990.
[44]NCCLS,2000. Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard—Fifth edition. NCCLS document M7-A5. [ISBN 1-56238-394-9] NCCLS,940 West Valley Road, Suite 1400, Wayne, PA 19087-1898. USA.
[45]Sara B.Essential oils:their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology,94(3):223-253.
[46]Romanov K, Varjonen J, Kaprio J,Kaprio J,Koskenvuo M.Life events and depressiveness the effect of adjustment for psychosocial factors,somatic health and genetic liability[J].Acta Psychiatr Scand,2003,107(1):25-33.
[47]World bank:Global Economic prospects and developing countries[M]. Washington,DC:world bank,1993.
[48]袁粤,林凌云.植物提取物抗抑郁作用研究进展[J].医学综述,2008,14(7)：1102-1104.
[49]韩迎辰.抑郁症及抗抑郁天然药物研究进展[J].药学实践杂志,2005,23(1)：3-5.
[50]袁长春,袁花.抗焦虑与抗抑郁的天然药物研究进展[J].中国民族民间医药,2009,18(5)：22-25.
[51]毕丽丽,肖志芳,邹伟,唐小卿.5—HT1A受体与抑郁症相关性研究[J].中国现代医药杂志,2011,13(7)：120-121.
[52]Elhwuegi AS.Central monoamines and their role in major depression[J].Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry,2004,28(3):435-51.
[53]Celada P,Puig M,AmargOs-Bosch M,Puig M.V, Adell A, Artigas F.The therapeutic role of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in depression[J].J Psychiatry Neurosci,2004,29(4):252-265.
[54]郝强,赵冰,田杰.抗抑郁药作用新机制进展[J].医学信息,2011,24(7)：43-44.
[55]Moffoot AP, Occarroy RE,Bennie J.Diurnal variation of mood and neuropsychological function in major depression with melancholia[J].J Affect Disord,1994,32(4):257.
[56]何舒,林渝峰,李霞.抑郁症的发病机制研究进展[J].四川生理科学杂志,2006,28(3)：126-128.
[57]SchUle C.Neuroendocrinological mechanisms of actions of antidepressant drugs[J]. J Neuroendoerinol,2007,19(3):213-226.
[58]陆小兵,杨东英,姚建新,沐楠,党亚梅,薛立庆,杨梦心.中西医治疗抑郁症疗效及对HPA、HPT、HPG轴影响研究[J]临床医学工程,2011,18(8)：1265-1267.
[59]祖蓓蓓.抑郁症与免疫抑制[J].国外医学精神病分册,2004,31(2)：97-99.
[60]Duman RS,Monteggia L.M.A.Neurotrophic model for stress-related mood disorders[J].Biol.Psychiatry,2006,59(12):1116-1127.
[61]Schmidt HD,Duman RS.The role ofneurotrophic factors in adult hippocarnpal neurogenesis,antidepressant treatments and animal models of depressive-like behavior [J].Behav Pharmacol,2007,18(5-6):391-418.
[62]董继承,李吉祝,王殉.抑郁症免疫功能变化的研究进展[J].四川神经卫生,2010,23(4)：253-255.
[63]胡大吉,丁桂霞,李有田.细胞因子异常与抑郁症的发生[J].中华中医药学刊,2007,25(3)：516-517.
[64]Stewart RJ,Chen B,Dowlatshahi D,Macqueen G.M,Young L.T.Abnormalities in the cAMP signaling pathway in post-mortem brain tissue from the Stanley Neuropathology Consortium[J].Bmin Res Bull,2001,55(5):625-629.
[65]易正辉,方贻儒,禹顺英.抑郁症脑组织基因差异表达研究进展[J]中国神经精神疾病杂志,2010,(1)：56-59.
[68]易正辉,方贻儒,王祖承.抑郁症神经生化和神经电生理学研究进展[J]中国新药与临床杂志,2005,24(9)：676-679.
[69]潘园园,端义扬,徐乐平.抑郁症脑影像学研究进展[J].神经医学杂志,2009,22(2)：158-160.
[70]牟君,谢鹏.海马神经发生障碍—抑郁症发病机制的新观念[J].第三军医大学学报,2006,28(11)：1264-1266.
[71]杨坤,谢光荣,贺达仁.抑郁病因学研究及其哲学思考[J].临床心身疾病杂志,2006,12(5)：395-398.
[72]郭建友,李昌煜,葛卫红.抑郁症动物模型研究进展[J].中国临床康复,2004,8(10)：1932-1933.
[73]Porsolt RD, Lepichon M, Jalfre M. Depression:a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatmentl[J].Nature,1977,266:730-732.
[74]Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, Simon p. The tail suspension test:a new method for screening antidepressants in mice[J].Psychopharmacology(Berl),1985,85(3):367-370.
[75]张雪琴,崔跃,骆渊,静进.抑郁症的环境应激动物模型研究[J].神经疾病与精神卫生,2010,10(1)：100-101.
[76]Dwivedi Y, Mondal A C, Shukla P K, et al. Altered protein kinase a in brain of learned helpless rats:effects of acute and repeated stress[J].Biological Psychiatry, 2004,56：30-40.
[77]亓晓丽,林文娟.焦虑和抑郁动物模型的研究方法和策略[J].心理科学进展,2005,13(3)：327-332.
[78]Katz R, Hersch S. Amitriptyline and scopolamine in an animal model of depression[J]. Neurosci Biobehav Rev,1981,5:265-271.
[79]Willner P,Muscat R,Papp M.chronic mild stress-induced anhedonia:arealistic animal model of depression[J].Neurosci Biobehav Bey,1992,16(4):525-534.
[80]王海涛,薛黎明,秦雪梅,张丽增,王梅芳,朴晋华.慢性不可预知和慢性束缚应激抑郁模型大鼠行为学研究[J].山西大学学报(自然科学版),2010,33(1)：157-160.
[81]VryLD,SchreiberR.The chronic mild stress depression model:future developments from drug discoveuperspective[J].Psychopharmcology,1997,134(3):349-350.
[82]Porsoh RD.Animal models of depression:Utility for transgenic research[J].Rev Neurosci,2000,11(1):53-58.
[83]贺小江,文洪宇.抗抑郁中药及其抑郁动物模型研究综述[J].中国医药指南,2009,7(10)：211-213.
[84]王雀良,潘集阳,刘亚平,王丝丝.抑郁症动物模型的回顾与展望[J].广东医学,2011,32(7)：932-935.
[85]Solberg LC,Olson SL,Turek FW.Altered hormone levels and circadian rhythm of activity in the WKY rat,a pulative animal model of depression[J].AM Physiol Reful Integr Comp Physio 1,2001,281(3):786-794.
[86]Jimenez-Vasquez PA,Overstreet DH,Mathe AA.Neuropeptide Y in male and femal brains of Flinders Sensitive Line,a rat model of depression,Effects of electroconvulsive stimuli[J].J Psychiatr Res 2000,34(6):405-412.
[87]Yadid G,Nakash R,Deri I.Elucidation of the neurobiology of depression:insi-ghts from a novel genetic animal model[J].Prog Neurobiol,2000,62(4):353-358.
[88]陈世平.抗抑郁天然药物的研究进展[J].医药化工,2008,(4)：22-27.
[89]王群红,李宏建,王介明.芳香疗法与芳香油的临床应用[J].国外医学中医中药分册,2011,23(6)：326-330.
[90]黄顺红,李丽香.音乐加精油香治疗抑郁症[J].东南国防医药,2005,7(2)：128-129.
[91]Fernandez M,Hernandez-Reif M,Field T. EEG During lavender and rosemary exposure in infants of depressed and non2depressed mothers [J]. Infant Behav Develop,2004,27 (1):91-100.
[92]黄慧,杨静.芳香疗法与现代妇女保健[J].国外医学妇幼保健分册,2005,16(5)：329-331.
[93]沈虹.精油的芳香疗法[J].日用化学品科学,2011,34(9)：42-46.
[94]张菊.芳香治疗在情绪减压方面的应用[J].医学信息,2010,23(4)：968-970.
[95]佟琴琴,姚雷.迷迭香和柠檬草的精油以及活体香气的抗抑郁作用的研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2009,27(1)：82-85.
[96]张睿,魏安智,杨途熙,撒文清,杨恒.商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究[J].西北植物学报,2005,25(7)：1477-1479.
[97]陈晓明,朱鼎程.固相微萃取—气质联用分析芝麻油的挥发性成分研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(2)：570-574.
[98]韩志辉,付胜,余克平.顶空固相微萃取-气象色谱法测定水中四氢呋喃的研究[J].工业水处理,2011,31(1)：68-70.
[99]杨占南,何前松,彭全材,杨卫平,冯泳.顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定毛吴茱萸挥发性化学成分[J].时珍国医国药,2010,21(10)：2501-2505.
[100]杨再波,康文艺,钟才宁,孙成斌,毛海立.侧柏叶挥发油化学成分固相微萃取分析[J].精细化工,2008,25(4)：342-346.
[101]牛丽影,吴继红,廖小军,等.不同类型橙汁挥发性风味成分的测定与比较[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(1)：119-124.
[102]余珍,易元芬,吴玉等.几种玫瑰精油的化学成分及香气比较[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(1)：75-80.
[103]林硕,邵平,马新,孙培龙.紫苏挥发油化学成分GC/MS分析及抑菌评价研究[J].2009,23(3)：477-481.
[104]Friendman M,Philip R.H,Robert E.M.Bactericidal activities of plant essential oil-s and some oftheir isolated constituents against Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica[J].Journal of Food Protection, 2002,65(10):1545-1560.
[105]陈泽慧,田应彪,叶丽红,胡永林,刘清亮,刘隆忠.五味子及石榴皮等中药对产 于非产MBL铜绿假单胞菌的体外抗菌活性研究[J].中华医院感染学杂志,2010,20(2)：168.
[106]蔡建秀,尤祖卿,黄晓冬,吴政声.天竺桂挥发油化学成分及抑菌活性研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2006,14(5)：404-408.
[107]Weerakkody N S,Caffin N,Turner M S.In vitro antimicrobial activity of less-utilized spice and herb extracts against selected food-bome bacteria[J].Food Control,2010,21:1408-1414.
[108]马烁,吴朝霞,张琦,张旋.艾蒿中黄酮的提取纯化及抑菌实验[J].中国食品添加剂,2011,(2)：71-78.
[109]张兴,邓淑华,佟继铭.满药赤雹果挥发油体外抗菌活性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2011,22(5)：1089-1090.
[110]Rota M C, Herrera A, Martinez R M,et al.Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of Thymus vulgaris,Thymus zygis and Thymus hyemalis essential oils[J].Food Control,2008,19:681-687.
[111]楼兴隆,李晓明,张鞍灵,丁虹茹,高锦明.丁香油抑菌成分研究[J].西北农业学报,2006,15(3)：91-92.
[112]Yasryuki H. The Phytochemistry of Rosa Rugosa[J].Phytochemistry,1996,43(3): 535-549.
[113]马希汉,王永红,胡亚云,张广军.玫瑰精油研究[J].西北林学,2004,19(4)：138-141.