无粘结预应力在无梁楼盖中的技术经济性能分析
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摘要
预应力混凝土是以预拉的高强钢筋的弹性回缩力对混凝土结构施加一个预设的应力,使混凝土在荷载作用下以最适合的应力状态工作。预应力能改善混凝土构件的受力性能,带来良好的经济和社会效益,值得深入研究。随着预应力结构研究不断深入,无粘结预应力楼板的特性和理论逐渐完善,设计方法也逐渐成熟,无粘结预应力混凝土结构在高层建筑或大跨度的楼板结构中应用得越来越多。无粘结预应力混凝土楼板技术经济性能(如可靠性、适用性、耐久性、经济性)如何,受什么因素影响,影响程度如何,则需要从楼板设计、施工、使用性能方面进行详细分析。本文对无粘结预应力混凝土楼盖技术经济分析的主要内容如下:
1、楼板跨度、荷载等级、预应力Np取值是影响预应力混凝土结构设计的三个主要因素。本文选择一个4×3跨楼板作为计算单元,调整跨度、荷载等级及预应力Np取值,计算出在不同情况下楼板的厚度、配筋等,然后从混凝土消耗量、普通钢筋消耗量、单位面积工程造价方面着手,分析三个因素对无粘结预应力无梁楼盖的经济性能影响。
2、人材机市场价格受供求关系的影响上下波动,预应力混凝土楼板的经济性能也随之变化,本文利用敏感性分析了混凝土、普通钢筋和预应力钢筋的价格变动对预应力混凝土楼板的影响程度进行了分析。
3、楼盖结构体系有多种,对楼板结构形式的选择必须要有参考指标。本文提出楼板方案综合评价体系。综合评价体系设计遵循SMART准则,它包括特定的、可测量的、可得到的、相关的、可跟踪的五个含义。在楼板综合评价体系中,首先分析了不同评价主体(业主、设计方、施工方)对指标体系构建的影响,然后从楼板技术经济自身特点出发,分析了结构方面指标、使用方面指标、社会经济方面指标、施工方面指标以及风险指标。指标的权重采用层次分析法进行确定,通过建立层次结构模型、构造判断矩阵、计算出各指标的权数并作一致性检验。
4、本文结合一个工程实例分析预应力无梁楼板的技术经济性能。采用普通混凝土无梁楼盖和无粘结预应力混凝土楼盖两种结构方案进行设计,并利用综合评价体系对它们的技术经济性能进行对比分析。
Prestressed reinforced concrete is based on the elastic recoil force of the pretighten high-strength steel, and then the concrete is imposed by a prestress, so the concrete can work in the most appropriate stress condition. Because the prestress can improve the mechanic performance of the concrete members and bring fine economic and social benefits, it is worth the advanced study. With the constantly development of the research of the prestressed structures, the properties and the theory of unbonded prestressed floor are improved, the same as the design methods are mature gradually. Along with the socio-economic development, the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete structure is more and more widely used in the high-rise buildings and the large-span floor slab structures. In order to find out the techno-economic performance of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete floor, and what factors influence it, and the degree that they influence it, it needs to consider the design, the construction and the usability carefully. The techno-economic analysis of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor is made in this paper, the main works are as follows:
1. The three important factors are slab span, load level, prestress value Np. In this paper, a 4×3 floor is chosen as the calculate unit. By adjusting the span, the load level and the prestress value Np, the thickness of the floor and the area of the bars are calculated. From the consumption of the concrete, the steel and the cost per unit area, the impact of the three factors on the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor is analyzed.
2. The market price of labor, material and machine is fluctuating with the relationship of the supply and demand, and it has a direct impact on the economic performance of unbonded prestressed floor. It is analyzed by the sensitive method that the influence of the price fluctuations of the concrete, the ordinary steel and the prestressed steel on the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete floor.
3. There are many forms of the floor structure, so that there must be a reference for choice. In this paper, the comprehensive evaluation system is put forward. The design of comprehensive evaluation system is following SMART guidelines, which includes specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and traceable. In the evaluation system of the floor, the impact of the different assessment of the principal (the owner, the designer, the construction side) on the indicator system building is analyzed at first; and then it is analyzed on the basis of the floor’s own techno-economic properties that the indicators of the structure, the usage, the social economy, the construction as well as the risk. The weight of each indicator is determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through the establishment of the hierarchy structure model and the judging matrix, the weights can be calculated and the consistency check should be made.
4. The paper presents an analysis of the techno-economic performance of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor with an actual project. Two forms of structures are designed. One is the ordinary reinforced concrete flat slab floor and the other is the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor. Their techno-economic performances are compared using the comprehensive evaluation system.
1、楼板跨度、荷载等级、预应力Np取值是影响预应力混凝土结构设计的三个主要因素。本文选择一个4×3跨楼板作为计算单元,调整跨度、荷载等级及预应力Np取值,计算出在不同情况下楼板的厚度、配筋等,然后从混凝土消耗量、普通钢筋消耗量、单位面积工程造价方面着手,分析三个因素对无粘结预应力无梁楼盖的经济性能影响。
2、人材机市场价格受供求关系的影响上下波动,预应力混凝土楼板的经济性能也随之变化,本文利用敏感性分析了混凝土、普通钢筋和预应力钢筋的价格变动对预应力混凝土楼板的影响程度进行了分析。
3、楼盖结构体系有多种,对楼板结构形式的选择必须要有参考指标。本文提出楼板方案综合评价体系。综合评价体系设计遵循SMART准则,它包括特定的、可测量的、可得到的、相关的、可跟踪的五个含义。在楼板综合评价体系中,首先分析了不同评价主体(业主、设计方、施工方)对指标体系构建的影响,然后从楼板技术经济自身特点出发,分析了结构方面指标、使用方面指标、社会经济方面指标、施工方面指标以及风险指标。指标的权重采用层次分析法进行确定,通过建立层次结构模型、构造判断矩阵、计算出各指标的权数并作一致性检验。
4、本文结合一个工程实例分析预应力无梁楼板的技术经济性能。采用普通混凝土无梁楼盖和无粘结预应力混凝土楼盖两种结构方案进行设计,并利用综合评价体系对它们的技术经济性能进行对比分析。
Prestressed reinforced concrete is based on the elastic recoil force of the pretighten high-strength steel, and then the concrete is imposed by a prestress, so the concrete can work in the most appropriate stress condition. Because the prestress can improve the mechanic performance of the concrete members and bring fine economic and social benefits, it is worth the advanced study. With the constantly development of the research of the prestressed structures, the properties and the theory of unbonded prestressed floor are improved, the same as the design methods are mature gradually. Along with the socio-economic development, the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete structure is more and more widely used in the high-rise buildings and the large-span floor slab structures. In order to find out the techno-economic performance of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete floor, and what factors influence it, and the degree that they influence it, it needs to consider the design, the construction and the usability carefully. The techno-economic analysis of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor is made in this paper, the main works are as follows:
1. The three important factors are slab span, load level, prestress value Np. In this paper, a 4×3 floor is chosen as the calculate unit. By adjusting the span, the load level and the prestress value Np, the thickness of the floor and the area of the bars are calculated. From the consumption of the concrete, the steel and the cost per unit area, the impact of the three factors on the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor is analyzed.
2. The market price of labor, material and machine is fluctuating with the relationship of the supply and demand, and it has a direct impact on the economic performance of unbonded prestressed floor. It is analyzed by the sensitive method that the influence of the price fluctuations of the concrete, the ordinary steel and the prestressed steel on the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete floor.
3. There are many forms of the floor structure, so that there must be a reference for choice. In this paper, the comprehensive evaluation system is put forward. The design of comprehensive evaluation system is following SMART guidelines, which includes specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and traceable. In the evaluation system of the floor, the impact of the different assessment of the principal (the owner, the designer, the construction side) on the indicator system building is analyzed at first; and then it is analyzed on the basis of the floor’s own techno-economic properties that the indicators of the structure, the usage, the social economy, the construction as well as the risk. The weight of each indicator is determined using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Through the establishment of the hierarchy structure model and the judging matrix, the weights can be calculated and the consistency check should be made.
4. The paper presents an analysis of the techno-economic performance of the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor with an actual project. Two forms of structures are designed. One is the ordinary reinforced concrete flat slab floor and the other is the unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete flat slab floor. Their techno-economic performances are compared using the comprehensive evaluation system.
引文
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[2]陶学康.无粘结预应力混凝土设计与施工.北京:地震出版社,1993:25-34
[3]杜拱辰.40年来预应力混凝土在我国房屋建筑工程中的应用与发展.土木工程学报,2007(1):4-10
[4]夏靖华.发展我国预应力混凝土的几点建议.工业建筑,1993(3):3-5
[5]杨宗放.高效预应力混凝土结构在建筑中的发展评述.建筑技术,1994(6):323-324
[6]束继华,李佩勋.无粘结预应力技术在工程的应用与发展.工业建筑,1997(8):1-5
[7]吴京.后张无粘结预应力混凝土楼盖结构若干问题研究:[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京:东南大学,2006:1-2
[8]吉同强.常用楼盖体系的技术经济比较:[华南理工大学硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学,2001:62-65
[9]王晓丹.楼盖结构体系在不同跨度下的技术经济比较:[大连理工大学硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2005:1-2
[10]蔡东.混凝土大跨度井式楼盖结构方案的技术经济比较:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2006:2-10
[11]米健.高效预应力混凝土结构的技术经济分析:[重庆大学硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2004:7-10
[12]刘成才.预应力混凝土空心板、叠合板、连续叠合板试验研究与技术经济分析:[郑州大学硕士学位论文].郑州:郑州大学,2006:6-8
[13]李家亮.无粘结预应力混凝土平板结构住宅设计研究[华南理工大学硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学.2000:11-49
[14]谢醒梅.现代予力混凝土结构设计理论及应用.北京:机械工业出版社.2006:25-38
[15]陶学康.后张预应力混凝土设计手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1996:77-84
[16]熊学玉.预应力工程设计施工手册.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.2003:53-127
[17]中华人民共和国建设部,JGJ/T92-2004,无粘结预应力混凝土结构技术规程,北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:12-23
[18]周健.预应力技术载大开间灵活隔断住宅体系中的应用[同济大学硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学,2001:15-25
[19]罗平西.多层和高层建筑无粘结预应力混凝土结构设计研究[华南理工大学硕士学位论文].广州:华南理工大学.1999:11-27
[20]张运涛.预应力混凝土板柱结构的分析与设计[合肥工业大学硕士学位论文].合肥:合肥工业大学.2003:26-37
[21]李高峰.高性能混凝土无粘结预应力楼盖的性能和工程设计研究[兰州理工大学硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州理工大学.2006:8-22
[22]王维.预应力混凝土板的有限元分析与设计[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学.2005:12-15
[23]沈蒲生.楼盖结构设计原理.北京:科学出版社.2003:130-145
[24]徐莉.技术经济学.武汉:武汉大学出版社.2003:125-132
[25]姚珍华.工程经济学.北京:中国建材工业出版社.2002:80-92
[26]张传吉.建筑业价值工程.北京:中国建筑工业出版社.1993:148-153
[27]李纯波.价值工程新论.北京:北京经济学院出版社.1991:124-133
[28]李馨.宜宾市人事局中层干部绩效考评体系研究[北京师范大学硕士学位论文].北京:北京师范大学.2005:34-38
[29]万江.基于多层次模糊分析法的科技招标项目评标[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学.2005:40-45
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