急倾斜特厚煤层高阶段顶煤超前预爆研究
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摘要
急倾斜特厚煤层综放开采是建设高产高效矿井、充分回收煤炭资源的重要手段。针对乌鲁木齐矿区碱沟煤矿急倾斜特厚煤层复杂开采条件,采用现场调查、理论与实验分析、现场开采试验和监测等方法,开展了急倾斜煤层综放开采顶煤超前预爆技术研究。研究表明:急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采过程中,顶煤损伤、变形和破坏规律复杂,易诱发动力失稳与灾害。急斜特厚煤层工作面较短,水平分段综放工作面应力集中更接近煤壁。由于老顶破断后大范围下沉,应力分布范围变窄,压力峰值向工作面内移,这为现场超前支护距离定量确定提供了依据。通过数值计算与分析,揭示了破碎顶煤应力分布与变化、流动规律,划定了顶煤变形区域。现场监测表明:从工作面煤壁开始,沿推进方向,在0~10m范围内,严禁实施超前预爆破工艺;在超前预爆范围内采用端头支架等防护措施,超前预爆破控制范围为10.0~35.0m,超前支护范围为0~45.0m,这为超前预爆关键指标确定提供了定量依据。提出和实施了急倾斜煤层综放面顶煤超前预爆破技术,采用了爆破前后顶煤变形光学视检测、巷道及顶煤松动圈监测和应力监测等,优化了工艺参数,解决了影响安全开采的突出矛盾,提高了推进度、顶煤破碎度和回采率,实现了安全开采。本研究对急倾斜特厚煤层及其它放顶煤工作面的开采具有借鉴意义。
Top coal caving in steep and thick coal seam is an important means for constructing high efficient mine and fullly recoverying coal resources.Based on the complex mining conditions of steep and thick coal seam in JianGou coal mine Urumqi coal area,on-site investigation,theoretical and experimental analysis,field mining testing and monitoring and other methods are used,the technology of advance pre-blasting for the top coal caving in steep coal seam is carried out systematically.The results show that: in the mining process of horizontal section top coal caving in steep and coal seam,the law of top coal damage,deformation and failure is complex,which is easy to induce dynamic instability and disaster.The working face in steep and thick coal seam is short,the stress is concentration in horizontal section working face and closer to the rib line.Because of the wide range subsidence by the main roof failure,the scale of stress distribution becomes narrower,the peak pressure shifts to the face,which provides basis for quantitative determination of the distance advance support on site.By numerical calculation and analysis,the laws of stress distribution and change and flow in broken top coal are revealed,and the deformation zone in top coal is defined.Field monitoring shows that:starting from the rib line,the advance pre-blasting process is non-implementation at the 0~10m range along the forward direction;the protective measures such as end support is used in the range of advance pre-blasting,the control range of advance pre-blasting is 10.0~35.0m,the range for ahead support is 0~45.0m,which provides a quantitative basis for determining critical indicators of ahead pre-blasting.The technique of advance pre-blasting for top coal is proposed and implemented in the top coal caving face of steep coal seam,using the optical visual inspection deformation of top coal (plate) before and after blasting,the loose circle monitoring within roadway and top coal and stress monitoring and so on,the parameters of this technique are optimized,the outstanding contradiction thataffects the safety of mining is resolved,advance degrees,top coal fragmentation and recovery rate are improved,which achieves a safety mining.This research provieds a reference for mining steep and thick seam and other top coal caving face.
Top coal caving in steep and thick coal seam is an important means for constructing high efficient mine and fullly recoverying coal resources.Based on the complex mining conditions of steep and thick coal seam in JianGou coal mine Urumqi coal area,on-site investigation,theoretical and experimental analysis,field mining testing and monitoring and other methods are used,the technology of advance pre-blasting for the top coal caving in steep coal seam is carried out systematically.The results show that: in the mining process of horizontal section top coal caving in steep and coal seam,the law of top coal damage,deformation and failure is complex,which is easy to induce dynamic instability and disaster.The working face in steep and thick coal seam is short,the stress is concentration in horizontal section working face and closer to the rib line.Because of the wide range subsidence by the main roof failure,the scale of stress distribution becomes narrower,the peak pressure shifts to the face,which provides basis for quantitative determination of the distance advance support on site.By numerical calculation and analysis,the laws of stress distribution and change and flow in broken top coal are revealed,and the deformation zone in top coal is defined.Field monitoring shows that:starting from the rib line,the advance pre-blasting process is non-implementation at the 0~10m range along the forward direction;the protective measures such as end support is used in the range of advance pre-blasting,the control range of advance pre-blasting is 10.0~35.0m,the range for ahead support is 0~45.0m,which provides a quantitative basis for determining critical indicators of ahead pre-blasting.The technique of advance pre-blasting for top coal is proposed and implemented in the top coal caving face of steep coal seam,using the optical visual inspection deformation of top coal (plate) before and after blasting,the loose circle monitoring within roadway and top coal and stress monitoring and so on,the parameters of this technique are optimized,the outstanding contradiction thataffects the safety of mining is resolved,advance degrees,top coal fragmentation and recovery rate are improved,which achieves a safety mining.This research provieds a reference for mining steep and thick seam and other top coal caving face.
引文
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