区间隧道下穿小月河及樱花西桥的工程处理措施与数值计算
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摘要
关于隧道施工引起地表沉降问题的研究已经取得了大量的研究成果,随着近几年浅埋暗挖法在地下工程中越来越广泛的应用,对其引起地层变形方面的研究也越来越多。在城市环境中,高层建筑、高架桥梁等密布云集,它们好多都位于桩基或条基之上,而隧道施工几乎不可避免的会引起周围土体的变形,土体的变形则会施加竖向和侧向力于桥基之上,对桩的变形和内力产生一定的影响。同时,隧道需要同时穿越河流和桥基,施工开挖前提前进行了降水,桥基由于降水则会产生附加沉降。因此,有必要进行深层次的研究。
基于此,本文针对区间隧道下穿小月河及樱花西桥这个工程实际面临的问题,采用有限差分软件对地铁隧道施工过程进行了详细的数值模拟,研究了地铁浅埋暗挖施工对地层变形的影响及地铁施工时对桥基的影响,提出了穿越桥基的施工方案。
本文主要包括以下几个方面的内容研究：
l、管井降水造成桥基及地表沉降的流固耦合计算；
2、采用有限差分软件按地铁施工设计对施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了地铁浅埋暗挖施工对地层应力和变形的影响,并根据数值计算结果提出了相应的工程处理方案；
3、考虑地铁隧道和桥基的位置关系,按施工设计对隧道从正下方穿越桥基的影响进行了数值计算。综合评价地表沉降、桥基变形和差异沉降的原因；并提出了相应的处理措施。
The problem of ground surface settlement caused by construction on the tunnel has been made a lot of research results. In recent years, as shallow tunneling method is widely used in the range of underground engineering, the studies of ground deformation due to the tunnel are more and more published. In an urban environment, skyscrapers and elevated bridge are highly concentrated, which many are located in the piles or strip foundations. Tunnel construction will almost inevitably lead to the deformation of soil. As the result, the deformation of soil will be imposed the lateral force on the bridge above the base, affect the deformation and internal forces on the pile. Meanwhile, as the tunnel needs crossing the river and the bridge foundation, lowering the water level should be done before excavation, and additional settlement affected by lowering the water level will produce. At present, the literatures in these areas are relatively small, needed for in-depth research.
Based on this, this paper, in connection with the practical engineering problems with a tunnel through the XiaoYue River and the YingHua West Bridge, has been used the finite difference software to carry out a detailed numerical simulation on subway tunnel construction. This paper also has studied the influence of ground deformation due to shallow tunneling method which is used in subway and the influence of the bridge base due to metro construction. Finally, this paper proposes a program of the way to through the construction of bridge foundation.
This article includes the following aspects:
1) Fluid solid couple calculation of the bridge foundation and ground surface settlement caused by tube well dewatering is calculated.
2) Numerical simulation of the construction process is analyzed by the finite difference software. The influence of ground stress-strain due to shallow tunneling method is also analyzed. Finally, treatment program was put over according to numerical results.
3) Considering the subway tunnel and bridge location-based relationship and the construction design, the paper simulate and predict the impact of the tunnel crossing beneath the bridge, such as evaluation of surface subsidence, the bridge-based deformation and differential settlement. And against the risk of danger, this paper presents the corresponding processing program.
基于此,本文针对区间隧道下穿小月河及樱花西桥这个工程实际面临的问题,采用有限差分软件对地铁隧道施工过程进行了详细的数值模拟,研究了地铁浅埋暗挖施工对地层变形的影响及地铁施工时对桥基的影响,提出了穿越桥基的施工方案。
本文主要包括以下几个方面的内容研究：
l、管井降水造成桥基及地表沉降的流固耦合计算；
2、采用有限差分软件按地铁施工设计对施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了地铁浅埋暗挖施工对地层应力和变形的影响,并根据数值计算结果提出了相应的工程处理方案；
3、考虑地铁隧道和桥基的位置关系,按施工设计对隧道从正下方穿越桥基的影响进行了数值计算。综合评价地表沉降、桥基变形和差异沉降的原因；并提出了相应的处理措施。
The problem of ground surface settlement caused by construction on the tunnel has been made a lot of research results. In recent years, as shallow tunneling method is widely used in the range of underground engineering, the studies of ground deformation due to the tunnel are more and more published. In an urban environment, skyscrapers and elevated bridge are highly concentrated, which many are located in the piles or strip foundations. Tunnel construction will almost inevitably lead to the deformation of soil. As the result, the deformation of soil will be imposed the lateral force on the bridge above the base, affect the deformation and internal forces on the pile. Meanwhile, as the tunnel needs crossing the river and the bridge foundation, lowering the water level should be done before excavation, and additional settlement affected by lowering the water level will produce. At present, the literatures in these areas are relatively small, needed for in-depth research.
Based on this, this paper, in connection with the practical engineering problems with a tunnel through the XiaoYue River and the YingHua West Bridge, has been used the finite difference software to carry out a detailed numerical simulation on subway tunnel construction. This paper also has studied the influence of ground deformation due to shallow tunneling method which is used in subway and the influence of the bridge base due to metro construction. Finally, this paper proposes a program of the way to through the construction of bridge foundation.
This article includes the following aspects:
1) Fluid solid couple calculation of the bridge foundation and ground surface settlement caused by tube well dewatering is calculated.
2) Numerical simulation of the construction process is analyzed by the finite difference software. The influence of ground stress-strain due to shallow tunneling method is also analyzed. Finally, treatment program was put over according to numerical results.
3) Considering the subway tunnel and bridge location-based relationship and the construction design, the paper simulate and predict the impact of the tunnel crossing beneath the bridge, such as evaluation of surface subsidence, the bridge-based deformation and differential settlement. And against the risk of danger, this paper presents the corresponding processing program.
引文
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[10]Barry M, Reilly MPO. Tunneling induced ground movements:Predicting the magnitude and effects[A], in:James D Geddes eds., Proc.4th International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures[C], Pentech Press, London,1992.671-697.
[11]Reilly MPO. Long settlements over tunneling, an 11 year study at Grimsby[J], Tunneling,91,1991.
[12]Ito T, Histake K.隧道掘进引起的三维地面沉陷分析。隧道译从,1985,(9)：46-55.
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[26]何海健,项彦勇,刘维宁.地铁施工引起邻近桥梁桩基差异沉降的概率分析[J]岩石力学与工程学报,2007,(S1)：3257-3265.
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[36]张顶立,黄俊.深圳地铁浅埋暗挖隧道地层变形分析.中国矿大学报.2004,5(33)：578-583.
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[39]Marcio Muniz de Farias.Alvaro Henrique Moraes Junior.Andre Pacheco de Assis. Displacement control in tunnels excavated by the NATM:3-D numerical simulations. 2003:283-293.
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[2]钱七虎.岩土工程的第四次浪潮[J].地下空间,1999,19(4)：267-272.
[3]刘天泉,钱七虎.城市地下岩土工程技术发展动向[J].煤炭科学技术,1999,27(1)：1-5.
[4]张庆贺,朱合华,庄荣等.地铁与轻轨[M].北京：人民交通出版社,2002.
[5]中华人民共和国国家标准.GBSO157-92地下铁道设计规范[S].北京：中国计划出版,1999.
[6]郭树棠译.隧道的邻近施工措施[J],27-29.
[7]刘宝琛.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J].铁道建筑技术,2000(3)：1-3
[8]吴波.浅埋暗挖法隧道施工沉降控制基准分析及应用[J].世界隧道(增),2002.241-244.
[9]Reilly MPO. Settlements above tunnels in the UK-their magnitude and prediction [J], Tunneling,82,1982.173-181.
[10]Barry M, Reilly MPO. Tunneling induced ground movements:Predicting the magnitude and effects[A], in:James D Geddes eds., Proc.4th International Conference on Ground Movements and Structures[C], Pentech Press, London,1992.671-697.
[11]Reilly MPO. Long settlements over tunneling, an 11 year study at Grimsby[J], Tunneling,91,1991.
[12]Ito T, Histake K.隧道掘进引起的三维地面沉陷分析。隧道译从,1985,(9)：46-55.
[13]徐永福,隧道盾构施工对周围土体扰动影响的研究(博士后研究报告),同济大学,2000.
[14]李文秀.地下开挖地表移动的模糊数学分析.岩土工程学报,1991,13(2)：21-31
[15]吴波.复杂条件下城市地铁隧道施工地表沉降研究[博士学位论文],成都：西南交通大学,2003.8.
[16]杨天鸿,梁正召,刘红元.地铁开挖引起地表沉陷过程的数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报.2002年11月,21(11)：1620-1626.
[17]于学馥,郑颖人,刘怀恒等.地下工程围岩稳定分析[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1988.
[18]刘宝琛.急待深入研究的地铁建设中的岩土力学课题[J].铁道建筑技术,2000,(3)：1-3.
[19]Hergarden A.(1994). French national report on tunneling in soft ground. Proc.Int. symposium on Underground Construction in Soft Ground. New Delhi (eds. Fujita & Kusakabe), Balkema,97-100.
[20]苏洁.浅埋暗挖法隧道施工对邻近桩基的影响及其控制[D].北京：北京交通大学,2009,(11).
[21]杜彬.北京浅埋暗挖法施工对桩基的影响.[D].北京交通大学.2007.
[22]何海健.地铁洞桩法施工对邻近桥桩的影响及控制.[D].北京：北京交通大学2007.
[23]骆建军.浅埋地铁隧道施工沉降控制标准研究[D].北京交通大学.2006.
[24]张晓丽.浅埋暗挖法下穿既有地铁构筑物关键技术研究与实践[D].北京交通大学.2007.
[25]李兆平,朱元生.邻近桥桩暗挖地铁车站施工方案及桥桩保护措施研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,(S1)：3132-3139.
[26]何海健,项彦勇,刘维宁.地铁施工引起邻近桥梁桩基差异沉降的概率分析[J]岩石力学与工程学报,2007,(S1)：3257-3265.
[27]吴波,刘维宁,索晓明,史玉新.地铁施工近邻桥基加固效果三维数值分析[J]铁道工程学报,2005,(05)：48-52.
[28]李强,王明年.浅埋隧道近接施工地表沉降有限元分析[J]四川建筑,2004,(05)：99-101.
[29]张志强,何川.地铁盾构隧道近接桩基的施工力学行为研究[J]铁道学报,2003,(01).2-95.
[30]Lee GTK, Ng CWW.(2005). Effects of advancing open face tunneling on an exiting loaded Pile[J]. J.Geotech.Geoenviron.Eng.,131(2),193-201.
[31]Ong CW, Leung CF, Yong KY, Chow YK.(2005). Centrifuge modeling of Pile responses due to tunneling in clay[J]. Underground Singapore:l-10.
[32]Peek RB, Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report [A].Proc.7thInt.Conf.on soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering[C], Mexico City, 1969.225-290.
[33]Bezuijen A.(1994):The influence of a bored tunnel on Pile foundations[J]. Proc.of Centrifuge 94.681-686.
[34]Hergarden HJAM., Poel JT.(1996).Ground movements due to tunneling:Influence on the Pile foundations[J].Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in soft Ground.519-524.
[35]阳军生,刘宝琛.城市隧道施工引起的地表移动及变形.中国铁道出版社.2002.
[36]张顶立,黄俊.深圳地铁浅埋暗挖隧道地层变形分析.中国矿大学报.2004,5(33)：578-583.
[37]杨天鸿,梁正召,刘红元.地铁开挖引起地表沉陷过程的数值模拟.岩石力学与工程学报.2002年11月,21(11)：1620-1626.
[38]Kuwahara.H, Yamazaki.T, Kusakabe.O. Ground deformation mechanism of shield tunneling due to tail void formation in soft clay.Proc,14th Int.Conf.on Soil Mech.and Found.Engrg.Vol.2,Balkema,Rotterdam,The Netherlands,1997:1457-1460.
[39]Marcio Muniz de Farias.Alvaro Henrique Moraes Junior.Andre Pacheco de Assis. Displacement control in tunnels excavated by the NATM:3-D numerical simulations. 2003:283-293.
[40]Nishi J., Tanaka T., Seiki T, H.Ito and Okuyama K. Estimation of theValue of the Internal and External Environment in Underground Space Use.Tunnelling and Underground space Technology,Vol.15,No.1,2000:79-89.
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