环境规制约束下污染密集型企业越界迁移及其治理
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摘要
在工业结构调整和商务成本快速上升的双重压力下,曾经对沿海地区经济增长做出重大贡献的庞大制造业群体,生存和发展空间日益受到挤压,其中很大一部分是污染密集型的。而中西部地区正处于加速推进工业化时期,在财政分权体制下,地方政府招商引资热情空前高涨。为吸引外来投资,地方政府不惜以牺牲生态环境为代价竞相放松环境规制,甚至实行零规制,成为吸引污染密集型企业越界迁移的重要因素。污染转移是空间维度的环境冲突的重要表现形式,也是我国生态环境质量局部改善而整体难以根本好转的重要原因。因此,必须从社会经济因素出发,对污染密集型企业越界迁移的内在动力机制和空间环境问题的规制方案进行考察,从而建立起长效的环境管理体制。对转轨时期和财政分权体制下我国污染密集型企业越界迁移现象的考察,不仅能弥补现有理论研究的不足,而且能为我国环境规制制度的发展变革提供有益的借鉴。
在对我国工业化进程中污染密集型企业越界迁移的一般特征,以及财政分权体制和当前环境规制制度分析的基础上,本文第四到六章以及第七到八章分别回答了以下两个问题:(1)环境规制约束下污染密集型企业越界迁移的内在动力机制是什么?其中着重论证了地方政府环境规制竞争与企业区位选择互为因果的内生关系,以及公众参与环保对污染密集型企业越界迁移的影响。(2)产业转移有其必然性,如何在缩小地区发展差距,满足发达地区工业结构升级和欠发达地区推进工业化愿望的同时,改革和创新现有环境规制体制,对污染密集型企业越界迁移等空间环境问题进行有效的规制?
全文共分九章。第一章导论就研究缘起、意义及本文结构安排进行说明。第二章对国际上相关研究文献的两个支脉进行梳理,并对现有文献的成果与不足进行总结,进而确定本文的研究方向。第三章对我国污染密集型企业越界迁移的社会经济背景和一般特征进行分析。第四到第六章分别从环境规制约束下企业的理性区位调整、地方政府环境规制竞争、公众参与环保等三个方面,对环境规制约束下污染密集型企业越界迁移的内在动力机制进行理论和实证研究。在此基础上,第七章从规范地方政府非理性竞争行为、构建生态补偿长效机制、改革环境规制结构三方面探讨优化对污染密集型企业越界迁移的政府规制。第八章探讨建立政府、企业自愿环境规制和公众参与相结合的多中心治理方案。第九章对全文进行总结,并分析主要研究结论中包含的政策意义。
Under the pressure of industrial structure adjustment and zooming of business costs from land scarcity , environmental protection, and so on, numerous manufacturing firms,most of which are pollution intensive and have made much contribution to the economic growth of the coastal regions of China,are confronted with serious crisises of survival and development.Meanwhile,the less-developed regions are engaging industrialization;the local governments have much enthusiasm with attracting investment and capital under the system of fiscal decentralization.In order to attract more foreign capital,some local governments compete in relaxing environmental regulation(even non-regulation),which is the most important incentive factor of the relocation of pollution intensive firms from the east to the west.Pollution migration is one of the most important forms of environmental collision on the sapce-dimension,as well as one of the most important reasons for the failure to substantially improve the entire environmental quality,whereas some parts are meliorating.It should be settled down under the sustainable institutional system of environmental regulation,which calls for a insightful and deep study on the internal incentive factors behind this kind of environmental problems on sapce-dimension so as to find the efficient regulation schemes.The study on the relocation of pollution intensive firms in China under the background of institutional transition and fiscal decentralization reform,not only offsets the existing literatures but also can be uesful for the reform of China's environmental regulation institutions as reference.
With the analysis of the general characters of the relocation of pollution intensive firms in Chinese industrializtion,as well as the system of our ficscal decentralization and present enviromental regulation institutions,the thesis has mainly answered two correlating questions in chapter 4 to 6 and chapter 7 to 8 respectively:First,what's the motive mechanism of the relocation decisions of pollution intensive firms under the environmental regulation?Especially the reciprocal causation of environmental regulatory competition beween local governments and the location decions of pollution intensive firms,as well as the effect of public participation in environmental protection on firm relocation.We all know that industrial migration is essential to carry out the wish of industrial structure adjustment and accelerating indusrtiliaztion for the developed regions and the less-developed regions respectively,and to reduce regional disparity.So the second question is how to effectively govern the pollution migration during the relocating process of pollution intensive firms,and how to mitigate the negative effect on environment during the industry migration,through the reform and innovation of the present environmental regulation institutions.
The thesis consists of nine chapters.Chapter 1 is an introduction to the whole thesis,discussing the research background and motivation for subsequent chapters,along with the structure arrangement of the thesis.Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive review of the correlating economic literatures,and identifies their strong and weak points to justify our strudy.Chapter 3 is aimed at analyzing the social-economic background and general characters of the relocation of pollution intensive firms in our country.In the following three chapters(4-6),the thesis presents the motive mechanism behind the relocation decisions of pollution intensive firms under environmental regulation from three aspects:the rational decisions of locational adjustment of firms under environmental regulation,the environmental regulatory competition between local governments and the public participation in environmental protection. Theoretical and experiential research methods are used simultaneously to draw the conclusions. Chapter 7 and 8 are focoused on the strategy of handling this challenge in the environmental regulation field.Chapter 7 investigates the regulation of the reloation of pollution intensive firms from the governments,including normalizing the non-rational competition among local governments,optimizing the present environmental regulation institutions and establishing a long-term mechanism of ecological compensation.Chapter 8 discusses how to set up a frame of polycentric governance,combining the governmental regulation,the firms' voluntary regultion and public self-regulation.The last chapter is the epilogue,the whole thesis is summarized in this chapter,as well as the major implications for environmental policies.
在对我国工业化进程中污染密集型企业越界迁移的一般特征,以及财政分权体制和当前环境规制制度分析的基础上,本文第四到六章以及第七到八章分别回答了以下两个问题:(1)环境规制约束下污染密集型企业越界迁移的内在动力机制是什么?其中着重论证了地方政府环境规制竞争与企业区位选择互为因果的内生关系,以及公众参与环保对污染密集型企业越界迁移的影响。(2)产业转移有其必然性,如何在缩小地区发展差距,满足发达地区工业结构升级和欠发达地区推进工业化愿望的同时,改革和创新现有环境规制体制,对污染密集型企业越界迁移等空间环境问题进行有效的规制?
全文共分九章。第一章导论就研究缘起、意义及本文结构安排进行说明。第二章对国际上相关研究文献的两个支脉进行梳理,并对现有文献的成果与不足进行总结,进而确定本文的研究方向。第三章对我国污染密集型企业越界迁移的社会经济背景和一般特征进行分析。第四到第六章分别从环境规制约束下企业的理性区位调整、地方政府环境规制竞争、公众参与环保等三个方面,对环境规制约束下污染密集型企业越界迁移的内在动力机制进行理论和实证研究。在此基础上,第七章从规范地方政府非理性竞争行为、构建生态补偿长效机制、改革环境规制结构三方面探讨优化对污染密集型企业越界迁移的政府规制。第八章探讨建立政府、企业自愿环境规制和公众参与相结合的多中心治理方案。第九章对全文进行总结,并分析主要研究结论中包含的政策意义。
Under the pressure of industrial structure adjustment and zooming of business costs from land scarcity , environmental protection, and so on, numerous manufacturing firms,most of which are pollution intensive and have made much contribution to the economic growth of the coastal regions of China,are confronted with serious crisises of survival and development.Meanwhile,the less-developed regions are engaging industrialization;the local governments have much enthusiasm with attracting investment and capital under the system of fiscal decentralization.In order to attract more foreign capital,some local governments compete in relaxing environmental regulation(even non-regulation),which is the most important incentive factor of the relocation of pollution intensive firms from the east to the west.Pollution migration is one of the most important forms of environmental collision on the sapce-dimension,as well as one of the most important reasons for the failure to substantially improve the entire environmental quality,whereas some parts are meliorating.It should be settled down under the sustainable institutional system of environmental regulation,which calls for a insightful and deep study on the internal incentive factors behind this kind of environmental problems on sapce-dimension so as to find the efficient regulation schemes.The study on the relocation of pollution intensive firms in China under the background of institutional transition and fiscal decentralization reform,not only offsets the existing literatures but also can be uesful for the reform of China's environmental regulation institutions as reference.
With the analysis of the general characters of the relocation of pollution intensive firms in Chinese industrializtion,as well as the system of our ficscal decentralization and present enviromental regulation institutions,the thesis has mainly answered two correlating questions in chapter 4 to 6 and chapter 7 to 8 respectively:First,what's the motive mechanism of the relocation decisions of pollution intensive firms under the environmental regulation?Especially the reciprocal causation of environmental regulatory competition beween local governments and the location decions of pollution intensive firms,as well as the effect of public participation in environmental protection on firm relocation.We all know that industrial migration is essential to carry out the wish of industrial structure adjustment and accelerating indusrtiliaztion for the developed regions and the less-developed regions respectively,and to reduce regional disparity.So the second question is how to effectively govern the pollution migration during the relocating process of pollution intensive firms,and how to mitigate the negative effect on environment during the industry migration,through the reform and innovation of the present environmental regulation institutions.
The thesis consists of nine chapters.Chapter 1 is an introduction to the whole thesis,discussing the research background and motivation for subsequent chapters,along with the structure arrangement of the thesis.Chapter 2 provides a comprehensive review of the correlating economic literatures,and identifies their strong and weak points to justify our strudy.Chapter 3 is aimed at analyzing the social-economic background and general characters of the relocation of pollution intensive firms in our country.In the following three chapters(4-6),the thesis presents the motive mechanism behind the relocation decisions of pollution intensive firms under environmental regulation from three aspects:the rational decisions of locational adjustment of firms under environmental regulation,the environmental regulatory competition between local governments and the public participation in environmental protection. Theoretical and experiential research methods are used simultaneously to draw the conclusions. Chapter 7 and 8 are focoused on the strategy of handling this challenge in the environmental regulation field.Chapter 7 investigates the regulation of the reloation of pollution intensive firms from the governments,including normalizing the non-rational competition among local governments,optimizing the present environmental regulation institutions and establishing a long-term mechanism of ecological compensation.Chapter 8 discusses how to set up a frame of polycentric governance,combining the governmental regulation,the firms' voluntary regultion and public self-regulation.The last chapter is the epilogue,the whole thesis is summarized in this chapter,as well as the major implications for environmental policies.
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