大容量存储设备在嵌入式系统中的应用研究
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摘要
随着微处理器技术的发展以及通信、控制、消费类电子产品等嵌入式应用的迅速发展，嵌入式系统已逐渐深入到人们生活的方方面面。在这其中，有相当大的一部分应用需要存储和管理大量的数据，而且对存储容量、存取速度以及数据共享等方面的要求越来越高。本文的开始部分对上述情形作了介绍，指出了研究“大容量存储设备在嵌入式系统中的应用”的必要性，并把需要开展的研究工作划分为几个方面。
本论文首先介绍了两种通用的大容量存储设备，分析了与其相关的一些技术问题，包括IDE硬盘的物理特性、接口，NAND Flash存储器的物理特性；接着详细分析了大容量数据存储和管理的细节问题，包括基于NAND Flash的FFS的功能结构，FAT文件系统的原理结构，同时为了能够通过USB接口实现系统之间交换数据，还详细介绍了USB接口原理。
接下来的实现部分，本文设计了应用的体系结构模型，并以此模型为基础加以实践。选择性价比高的存储媒介，ATA硬盘和NAND Flash存储设备，在无OS支持的嵌入式系统中实现基于IDE硬盘和NAND Flash存储设备的大容量数据存储以及通用的数据管理方法即FAT文件系统和Flash文件系统(FFS)，然后在其上进一步引入USB接口进行数据交换，使得本地系统能和其他通用系统轻松实现数据交换和共享。最后，针对本文的实现方案，进一步的做了定量的性能比较分析，为实际应用提供一定的参考。
在最后一部分中，列举了本文所实现的两个应用实例。并指出了进一步研究有待开展的工作和以及意义。
With the rapid development of the processor technologies and embedded applications such as communication products, electronic consumer good, etc., embedded systems is penetrating into the every aspect of social living space. Many embedded systems involved a huge amount of data. Mass data storage and management is becoming more important. Many embedded systems require huge volume of date storage, fast data access speed and also the most convenient way of data share and data exchange. The above is introduced at the beginning of this thesis, and the paper explains the reason why doing research on the implementation of mass storage device in embedded system is necessary. The several aspects of the research are also mentioned here.
In the main part of this thesis, two general mass storage devices are introduced and some related technologies are analyzed in detail, including the physical features and interface of IDE device and the physical features of NAND Flash. In succession, technologies relate to huge amount of data storage and management are analyzed in detail, including the theory and structure of FAT file system, and of the special flash file system FFS for NAND Flash. Last, in order to exchange and share data easily with others system through USB, the USB protocol are described in detail.
In the following part, this thesis described a structure model for applications and also realized it in steps. ATA disk and NAND Flash are two most general devices of these mass storage devices. This paper realized a mass data storage and management system on IDE disk and NAND Flash. Specially, the data management is realized according to the principle of window's file system FAT. The NAND Flash file system (FFS) is also realized. The USB for Mass storage device is also implemented here in order to share and exchange data with other systems easily. Last, this paper analyzed the performance of the systems. The results of these analyses can provide reference in practical applications.
本论文首先介绍了两种通用的大容量存储设备，分析了与其相关的一些技术问题，包括IDE硬盘的物理特性、接口，NAND Flash存储器的物理特性；接着详细分析了大容量数据存储和管理的细节问题，包括基于NAND Flash的FFS的功能结构，FAT文件系统的原理结构，同时为了能够通过USB接口实现系统之间交换数据，还详细介绍了USB接口原理。
接下来的实现部分，本文设计了应用的体系结构模型，并以此模型为基础加以实践。选择性价比高的存储媒介，ATA硬盘和NAND Flash存储设备，在无OS支持的嵌入式系统中实现基于IDE硬盘和NAND Flash存储设备的大容量数据存储以及通用的数据管理方法即FAT文件系统和Flash文件系统(FFS)，然后在其上进一步引入USB接口进行数据交换，使得本地系统能和其他通用系统轻松实现数据交换和共享。最后，针对本文的实现方案，进一步的做了定量的性能比较分析，为实际应用提供一定的参考。
在最后一部分中，列举了本文所实现的两个应用实例。并指出了进一步研究有待开展的工作和以及意义。
With the rapid development of the processor technologies and embedded applications such as communication products, electronic consumer good, etc., embedded systems is penetrating into the every aspect of social living space. Many embedded systems involved a huge amount of data. Mass data storage and management is becoming more important. Many embedded systems require huge volume of date storage, fast data access speed and also the most convenient way of data share and data exchange. The above is introduced at the beginning of this thesis, and the paper explains the reason why doing research on the implementation of mass storage device in embedded system is necessary. The several aspects of the research are also mentioned here.
In the main part of this thesis, two general mass storage devices are introduced and some related technologies are analyzed in detail, including the physical features and interface of IDE device and the physical features of NAND Flash. In succession, technologies relate to huge amount of data storage and management are analyzed in detail, including the theory and structure of FAT file system, and of the special flash file system FFS for NAND Flash. Last, in order to exchange and share data easily with others system through USB, the USB protocol are described in detail.
In the following part, this thesis described a structure model for applications and also realized it in steps. ATA disk and NAND Flash are two most general devices of these mass storage devices. This paper realized a mass data storage and management system on IDE disk and NAND Flash. Specially, the data management is realized according to the principle of window's file system FAT. The NAND Flash file system (FFS) is also realized. The USB for Mass storage device is also implemented here in order to share and exchange data with other systems easily. Last, this paper analyzed the performance of the systems. The results of these analyses can provide reference in practical applications.
引文
[1] "File system for NAND flash"www.embedded.com, 2003
[2] "k9f2808q(u)0b, 16M×8 Bit NAND Flash Memory specification" SAMSUNG Electronics, 2002
[3] "smxFFS Flash File System" Micro Digital, Embedded Software Outfitters, 2002.11
[4] 《SCSI总线和IDE接口：协议、应用和编程》 Friedhelm Schmidt著，精英科技 译，中国电力出版社，2001
[5] 《USB大全》Jan Axelson著，陈弈等译，中国电力出版社，2001
[6] 《USB系统体系》 Don Anderson著，精英科技译，中国电力出版社，2001
[7] "Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification" version 1.03, December 6, 2000, Microsoft Corporation
[8] "Flash/SmartMedia File System" SAMSUNG Electronics,2000
[9] "Application Note for NAND Flash Memory"(Revision 2.0) SAMSUNG Electronics,1999
[10] "Universal Serial Bus Specification Revl. 1" Compaq Intel Microsoft NEC, 1998
[11] "Information Technology -AT Attachment-3 Interface" working draft, revision 7b, January 27, 1997
[12] http://home.teleport.com/～brainy/fat32.htm FAT32 Structure Information, by Jack Dobiash
[13] http://www.wtysoft.com/ataref.htm
[14] "How it Works--Partition Tables", Hale Landis
[15] "How it Works-Master Boot Record", Hale Landis
[2] "k9f2808q(u)0b, 16M×8 Bit NAND Flash Memory specification" SAMSUNG Electronics, 2002
[3] "smxFFS Flash File System" Micro Digital, Embedded Software Outfitters, 2002.11
[4] 《SCSI总线和IDE接口：协议、应用和编程》 Friedhelm Schmidt著，精英科技 译，中国电力出版社，2001
[5] 《USB大全》Jan Axelson著，陈弈等译，中国电力出版社，2001
[6] 《USB系统体系》 Don Anderson著，精英科技译，中国电力出版社，2001
[7] "Microsoft Extensible Firmware Initiative FAT32 File System Specification" version 1.03, December 6, 2000, Microsoft Corporation
[8] "Flash/SmartMedia File System" SAMSUNG Electronics,2000
[9] "Application Note for NAND Flash Memory"(Revision 2.0) SAMSUNG Electronics,1999
[10] "Universal Serial Bus Specification Revl. 1" Compaq Intel Microsoft NEC, 1998
[11] "Information Technology -AT Attachment-3 Interface" working draft, revision 7b, January 27, 1997
[12] http://home.teleport.com/～brainy/fat32.htm FAT32 Structure Information, by Jack Dobiash
[13] http://www.wtysoft.com/ataref.htm
[14] "How it Works--Partition Tables", Hale Landis
[15] "How it Works-Master Boot Record", Hale Landis