火电机组性能监测与优化研究
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摘要
提高机组的经济性，降低成本，是火电厂实行“竞价上网”所面临的迫切任务，所以实时地监测机组的经济性能和运行状况并进行机组的运行优化意义重大。本论文以大型火电机组为研究对象，主要在以下几个方面进行了研究：
1.全面分析了机组的热经济指标及其数学模型和计算方法，热力系统的计算采用适于计算机编程的矩阵法；
2.对机组运行参数及设备健康状况进行了耗差分析，目标值的确定综合采用设计值、机组热力试验拟合值和机组变工况热力计算相结合的方法，耗差分析采用偏差分析法和等效热降法；
3.对机组的运行方式和冷端系统运行优化进行了详细的研究分析，同时对电厂的主要辅机进行耗差分析和运行优化；
4.在实现方式上利用电厂的MIS系统开发了以Web方式发布的火电机组运行优化软件并在内蒙达旗电厂安装，既有助于运行人员实时地调整机组的运行方式，又便于运行管理人员及时了解机组的运行状况。
The urgent task for a thermal power plant is to improve its economy and reduce its costs under the situation of competitive power market. So it is very important to monitor the performance and optimize the operation for a coal-fired power generating unit.
This thesis focus on a large coal-fired power generating unit, The primary research works are summarized as follows.
1.The thermal economic performance index, mathematic models and calculating methods are analyzed respectively. The heat balance of steam-turbine cycle is calculated by using matrix method which has the advantage of being easily programmed.
2.The energy consumption difference analysis relate to some key operating parameters and some equipment conditions are studied deeply. The expected values are determined by combining the design data, the performance test data and the data obtained from off-design calculation. Both the method of difference analysis and the method of equivalent enthalpy drop are utilized to analyze the consumption difference.
3. The operating mode and cold-end system of a power generating unit are optimized detailedly. The energy consumption difference analysis and operation optimization are proceeded for some key auxiliary facilities.
4. The software of performance monitoring and optimization for a coal-fired power generating unit are developed by the Web mode on the MIS network .The software has been commissioned on the Daqi power plant in Inner Mongolia. The system plays an important role in helping operators to adjust the operation and providing the managing staff with the unit conditions in time.
1.全面分析了机组的热经济指标及其数学模型和计算方法，热力系统的计算采用适于计算机编程的矩阵法；
2.对机组运行参数及设备健康状况进行了耗差分析，目标值的确定综合采用设计值、机组热力试验拟合值和机组变工况热力计算相结合的方法，耗差分析采用偏差分析法和等效热降法；
3.对机组的运行方式和冷端系统运行优化进行了详细的研究分析，同时对电厂的主要辅机进行耗差分析和运行优化；
4.在实现方式上利用电厂的MIS系统开发了以Web方式发布的火电机组运行优化软件并在内蒙达旗电厂安装，既有助于运行人员实时地调整机组的运行方式，又便于运行管理人员及时了解机组的运行状况。
The urgent task for a thermal power plant is to improve its economy and reduce its costs under the situation of competitive power market. So it is very important to monitor the performance and optimize the operation for a coal-fired power generating unit.
This thesis focus on a large coal-fired power generating unit, The primary research works are summarized as follows.
1.The thermal economic performance index, mathematic models and calculating methods are analyzed respectively. The heat balance of steam-turbine cycle is calculated by using matrix method which has the advantage of being easily programmed.
2.The energy consumption difference analysis relate to some key operating parameters and some equipment conditions are studied deeply. The expected values are determined by combining the design data, the performance test data and the data obtained from off-design calculation. Both the method of difference analysis and the method of equivalent enthalpy drop are utilized to analyze the consumption difference.
3. The operating mode and cold-end system of a power generating unit are optimized detailedly. The energy consumption difference analysis and operation optimization are proceeded for some key auxiliary facilities.
4. The software of performance monitoring and optimization for a coal-fired power generating unit are developed by the Web mode on the MIS network .The software has been commissioned on the Daqi power plant in Inner Mongolia. The system plays an important role in helping operators to adjust the operation and providing the managing staff with the unit conditions in time.
引文
[1]周克毅，邵爱菊，葛聪.国外电站性能监测与诊断概况. 动力工程.1999年2月，第19卷第1期：58－63
[2]毕政益. 火电机组运行优化在线管理系统状况.热力发电 2000(2)
[3]Thomas C Elliotl,Robort Swanekamp. Monitoring Power Plant performance ,Power,October 1994。
[4]J.Bausa,G.Tsatsaronis.Dynamic Optimization of Startup and Load-Increasing Processes in Power Plants—PartⅠ:Method
[5]J.Bausa,G.Tsatsaronis.Dynamic Optimization of Startup and Load-Increasing Processes in Power Plants—PartⅡ:Application
[6]范从振 .《锅炉原理》.水利电力出版社.1986.5
[7]沈士一,康松.《汽轮机原理》.水利电力出版社.1992.6
[8]郑体宽.《热力发电厂》.水利电力出版社.1995
[9]林万超.《火电厂热系统节能理论》. 西安交通大学出版社，1994
[10]严俊杰，邢秦安等.《火电厂热力系统经济性诊断理论及应用》.西安交通大学出版社. 2000.5
[11]张健.大型汽轮机组性能在线监测. [博士学位论文].东南大学.1991.12
[12]曹祖庆.《汽轮机变工况特性》.水利电力出版社.1991.5
[13]李维特,黄保海.《汽轮机变工况热力计算》.中国电力出版社 2001.8
[14]张丁旺 .《汽轮机装置及调节》.上海交通大学出版社 .2002.1
[15]《热能工程设计手册》.化学工业出版社 .北京.1998.6
[16]齐复东等.《电站凝汽设备和冷却系统》.水利电力出版社.1990.5
[17]吴民强.《泵与风机节能技术问答》.中国电力出版社 .1998.5
[18]杨勇平，杨昆，火电机组节能潜力诊断理论与应用，中国电机
工程学报，1998.03
[19]杨勇平,王加璇,郭民臣, 刘文毅等 供热机组能耗分析与主要技术经济指标在线处理系统，现代电力，1999.03
[20]杨勇平，火电机组性能在线监测系统测量误差定量分析，电站系统工程，1999.05
[21]杨勇平,刘彤,郭民臣,刘文毅. 关于火电机组性能评价指标的探讨.中国电机工程学报.2000.02
[22]杨勇平.火电厂效率、成本、优化、仿真的理论研究与应用.[博士学位论文].北京：中国科学院工程热物理研究所，1995.11
[23]郭民臣，王清照，魏楠，王加璇.电厂热力系统矩阵分析法的改进.热能动力工程.1997.03
[24]冯慧雯，《汽轮机课程设计参考资料》中国电力出版社，1992.11
[25]盛得仁，仁浩仁等，汽轮机调峰运行时蒸汽初压的优化确定.动力工程.第20卷第5期.809－812
[26]江宁,曹祖庆.从经济性看汽轮机滑压运行的最佳方式.上海汽轮机,2002(1).36-41
[27]陈鸿伟，李宇等.火电机组可控参数变化与煤耗的关系.热力发电.2002(4).29-33
[28]任浩仁，李蔚，盛德仁等，火电机组变工况下运行指标应达值的分析，中国电机工程学报，1999，50－53
[29]周兰欣，张学镭等. 凝汽器压力应达值的确定方法.汽轮机技术.2002,(3).149-151
[30]朱玉娜,王培红,吕震中.凝汽器变工况核算及其传热系数的确定方法.电站系统工程.1998,6,9—11
[31]李兴平，宋涛等.300MW机组循环水泵运行方式的优化及经济性.山东电力技术.2000(4).45－46
[32]杨军虎,侯华.锅炉给水泵优化运行问题探讨,发电设备. 2000.5
[2]毕政益. 火电机组运行优化在线管理系统状况.热力发电 2000(2)
[3]Thomas C Elliotl,Robort Swanekamp. Monitoring Power Plant performance ,Power,October 1994。
[4]J.Bausa,G.Tsatsaronis.Dynamic Optimization of Startup and Load-Increasing Processes in Power Plants—PartⅠ:Method
[5]J.Bausa,G.Tsatsaronis.Dynamic Optimization of Startup and Load-Increasing Processes in Power Plants—PartⅡ:Application
[6]范从振 .《锅炉原理》.水利电力出版社.1986.5
[7]沈士一,康松.《汽轮机原理》.水利电力出版社.1992.6
[8]郑体宽.《热力发电厂》.水利电力出版社.1995
[9]林万超.《火电厂热系统节能理论》. 西安交通大学出版社，1994
[10]严俊杰，邢秦安等.《火电厂热力系统经济性诊断理论及应用》.西安交通大学出版社. 2000.5
[11]张健.大型汽轮机组性能在线监测. [博士学位论文].东南大学.1991.12
[12]曹祖庆.《汽轮机变工况特性》.水利电力出版社.1991.5
[13]李维特,黄保海.《汽轮机变工况热力计算》.中国电力出版社 2001.8
[14]张丁旺 .《汽轮机装置及调节》.上海交通大学出版社 .2002.1
[15]《热能工程设计手册》.化学工业出版社 .北京.1998.6
[16]齐复东等.《电站凝汽设备和冷却系统》.水利电力出版社.1990.5
[17]吴民强.《泵与风机节能技术问答》.中国电力出版社 .1998.5
[18]杨勇平，杨昆，火电机组节能潜力诊断理论与应用，中国电机
工程学报，1998.03
[19]杨勇平,王加璇,郭民臣, 刘文毅等 供热机组能耗分析与主要技术经济指标在线处理系统，现代电力，1999.03
[20]杨勇平，火电机组性能在线监测系统测量误差定量分析，电站系统工程，1999.05
[21]杨勇平,刘彤,郭民臣,刘文毅. 关于火电机组性能评价指标的探讨.中国电机工程学报.2000.02
[22]杨勇平.火电厂效率、成本、优化、仿真的理论研究与应用.[博士学位论文].北京：中国科学院工程热物理研究所，1995.11
[23]郭民臣，王清照，魏楠，王加璇.电厂热力系统矩阵分析法的改进.热能动力工程.1997.03
[24]冯慧雯，《汽轮机课程设计参考资料》中国电力出版社，1992.11
[25]盛得仁，仁浩仁等，汽轮机调峰运行时蒸汽初压的优化确定.动力工程.第20卷第5期.809－812
[26]江宁,曹祖庆.从经济性看汽轮机滑压运行的最佳方式.上海汽轮机,2002(1).36-41
[27]陈鸿伟，李宇等.火电机组可控参数变化与煤耗的关系.热力发电.2002(4).29-33
[28]任浩仁，李蔚，盛德仁等，火电机组变工况下运行指标应达值的分析，中国电机工程学报，1999，50－53
[29]周兰欣，张学镭等. 凝汽器压力应达值的确定方法.汽轮机技术.2002,(3).149-151
[30]朱玉娜,王培红,吕震中.凝汽器变工况核算及其传热系数的确定方法.电站系统工程.1998,6,9—11
[31]李兴平，宋涛等.300MW机组循环水泵运行方式的优化及经济性.山东电力技术.2000(4).45－46
[32]杨军虎,侯华.锅炉给水泵优化运行问题探讨,发电设备. 2000.5