闽江河口悬浮泥沙特征及输运过程初探
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摘要
根据2007年闽江河口4个站位洪季大潮的同步观测资料,分析了闽江河口潮周期内悬浮泥沙的分布特征、底质再悬浮特征和悬浮泥沙的输运过程和机制。
研究表明:闽江河口地区水动力条件复杂多变,悬浮泥沙浓度的垂向分布在不同时刻对应着不同的分布形式,最大浑浊带在潮周期内的平移是导致其上游和下游地区悬浮泥沙浓度变化的主要原因,梅花水道高浓度时段与底部再悬浮作用密切相关;悬浮泥沙粒级组成上以粉砂为主,分选较差,粒级偏向粗颗粒一侧,单峰分布,物源单一;随着水深的减小,悬浮泥沙粒级含量标准偏差呈增大趋势,敏感组分增多,这种现象反映了再悬浮作用的影响;河口沉积物在多数时间内处于活动状态,落潮阶段的活动性要大于涨潮阶段,梅花水道沉积物的活动性最大,再悬浮作用明显;河口沉积物再悬浮通量较小,沉降通量总体大于再悬浮通量;A1站位周日潮汐输沙具有不对称性,A2站位呈现高瞬时输沙率和低净输沙率;第一个潮周期内涨潮流在输运过程中的作用更为明显,强烈的底质再悬浮是使分汊水道瞬时输运率大于主水道的主要原因;平均流、斯托克斯漂移效应、潮汐捕集作用和垂向潮振荡引起的剪切扩散是引起闽江河口悬浮泥沙输运的重要因素。
Simultaneous observation at four stations at Minjiang estuary was carried out during spring tide in the flood season of 2007. Based on the observed data,we analyzed the suspended sediment distribution, character of sediment resuspension, their transport and the mechanism at Minjiang estuary in a tidal cycle.
The result showed that the hydrodynamic conditions were complicated at Minjiang estuary,the vertical distribution of suspended sediment showed temporal changes. The turbidity maximum zone movement in tide cycle leaded to the change of suspended sediment in upstream or downstream, however, the high concentration period in Meihua channel was closely related to resuspension. Suspended sediment was mainly composed of fine silt, which was poor sorted, the grain grade was inclined to the side of coarse grain with a single peak, which suggested a uniform source. When the water depth decreased, both the standard deviation of the suspended sediment size fraction content and the sensitive components quantity increased, which reflected the effect of resuspension.
The sediment at the estuary was often active, and the activity in flood tide was greater than that in ebb tide. The sediment activity was greatest in Meihua channel and resuspension was obvious. The sedimentary flux at the estuary is higher than the resuspension flux, which is comparatively low.
Tide sediment transport in diurnal at A1 station was asymmetric and A2 station demonstrated high instantaneous flux rate and low net flux rate. Flood tide current played a much more important role than other factors in the suspended sediment transport in the first tide cycle. The intense resuspension is the major reason to result in greater instantaneous flux in the branch channel than that in the main channel. The advection, storks drift, tidal trapping and vertical shearing diffusion all played important roles in the transport of resuspended sediment.
研究表明:闽江河口地区水动力条件复杂多变,悬浮泥沙浓度的垂向分布在不同时刻对应着不同的分布形式,最大浑浊带在潮周期内的平移是导致其上游和下游地区悬浮泥沙浓度变化的主要原因,梅花水道高浓度时段与底部再悬浮作用密切相关;悬浮泥沙粒级组成上以粉砂为主,分选较差,粒级偏向粗颗粒一侧,单峰分布,物源单一;随着水深的减小,悬浮泥沙粒级含量标准偏差呈增大趋势,敏感组分增多,这种现象反映了再悬浮作用的影响;河口沉积物在多数时间内处于活动状态,落潮阶段的活动性要大于涨潮阶段,梅花水道沉积物的活动性最大,再悬浮作用明显;河口沉积物再悬浮通量较小,沉降通量总体大于再悬浮通量;A1站位周日潮汐输沙具有不对称性,A2站位呈现高瞬时输沙率和低净输沙率;第一个潮周期内涨潮流在输运过程中的作用更为明显,强烈的底质再悬浮是使分汊水道瞬时输运率大于主水道的主要原因;平均流、斯托克斯漂移效应、潮汐捕集作用和垂向潮振荡引起的剪切扩散是引起闽江河口悬浮泥沙输运的重要因素。
Simultaneous observation at four stations at Minjiang estuary was carried out during spring tide in the flood season of 2007. Based on the observed data,we analyzed the suspended sediment distribution, character of sediment resuspension, their transport and the mechanism at Minjiang estuary in a tidal cycle.
The result showed that the hydrodynamic conditions were complicated at Minjiang estuary,the vertical distribution of suspended sediment showed temporal changes. The turbidity maximum zone movement in tide cycle leaded to the change of suspended sediment in upstream or downstream, however, the high concentration period in Meihua channel was closely related to resuspension. Suspended sediment was mainly composed of fine silt, which was poor sorted, the grain grade was inclined to the side of coarse grain with a single peak, which suggested a uniform source. When the water depth decreased, both the standard deviation of the suspended sediment size fraction content and the sensitive components quantity increased, which reflected the effect of resuspension.
The sediment at the estuary was often active, and the activity in flood tide was greater than that in ebb tide. The sediment activity was greatest in Meihua channel and resuspension was obvious. The sedimentary flux at the estuary is higher than the resuspension flux, which is comparatively low.
Tide sediment transport in diurnal at A1 station was asymmetric and A2 station demonstrated high instantaneous flux rate and low net flux rate. Flood tide current played a much more important role than other factors in the suspended sediment transport in the first tide cycle. The intense resuspension is the major reason to result in greater instantaneous flux in the branch channel than that in the main channel. The advection, storks drift, tidal trapping and vertical shearing diffusion all played important roles in the transport of resuspended sediment.
引文
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