淄川煤矿矿坑排水对水质特征影响与串层污染防治研究
|
摘要
淄川区煤矿资源丰富,是淄博市主要的产煤区之一。经过长期的开采,特别是上世纪的大规模开采,淄川区煤矿已经进入衰老期。特别是洪山、寨里煤矿停产闭坑后,停止抽排地下水,矿坑水位上涨,改变了地下水动力场,对地下水水化学场产生深刻影响,引起当地地下水水质恶化,给居民生活和工农业生产带来不利影响。闭坑矿区矿坑水位上升沿斜井自流和开采矿山疏干排水,不仅浪费了地下水资源,同时也污染了的地表水,形成了研究区内水源性、水质性缺水并存的局面。
通过对矿区地表水和地下水做了相应的污染评价,总体看区内地表水以高硫酸盐为主要特征,硫酸盐普遍高于250m/L,表现出受矿坑水污染的水质特征。区内岩溶水总体可划分为微污染、轻污染、中污染、重污染和严重污染五个级别,地下水中的主要污染物以SO42-、总硬度、矿化度为主。裂隙水污染相对溶岩水较普遍,尤其是呈条带状分布于孝妇河沿岸一线,由离河远近依次为中污染、重污染、严重污染。第四系孔隙水直接受河水水质的影响,孝妇河沿岸污染程度一般为重污染和严重污染,主要污染物为SO42-、总硬度、TDS等。
通过对矿坑水水质特征及演化的研究,发现矿坑排水化学成分的形成,就是从FeS2被氧化开始以及后续一系列反应过程的结果。煤矿闭坑后矿坑水水质特点为：高硫酸盐、高硬度、高矿化度。
通过土柱试验说明洪山矿区由于闭坑,停止矿坑水灌溉后,土壤对SO42-具有吸附能力,吸附作用具有时间短、速度快、易饱和的特征,而且土壤中的SO42-解吸、转移能力较强易随大气降水入渗污染地下水。
根据本次地下水质量评价和污染评价,可以看出在洪山闭坑矿区裂隙岩溶水水质分布规律与其它矿区不同,存在串层污染问题。通过抽水试验、封堵试验发现控制串层污染的基本方法有三个,一是切断污染通道；二是控制地下水流场形态,防止污染扩散；三是预控制。
Coal resources is very rich at Zichuan.It is one of the major coal-producing district of Zibo City. After a long mining, especially large-scale exploitation of the previous century, Zichuan District coal mines into the aging period. Especially Hongshan and Zhaili coal discontinued or ceased, stopped pumping groundwater, the pit water level rised, the hydrodynamic field changed, had a profound impact on groundwater chemical field, caused deterioration of the local groundwater quality,had an adverse impact to living and industrial and agricultural production. Ceased mining pit water level rising edge of inclined gravity and exploitation of the mine dewatering and drainage, not only wasted groundwater resources but also.contaminated surface water, lack of water on water and quality coexisted in the study area.
Through the mining area of surface water and groundwater pollution evaluation, the overall look of the regional surface water with high sulfate as the main feature, the sulfate is generally higher than250mg/L, showing a pit of water pollution water quality characteristics. Region karst water in general can be divided into micro-pollution, light pollution, pollution, heavy pollution and severe pollution of five levels of major pollutants in the groundwater of SO42-, total hardness, salinity dominated. Fissure water pollution relatively lava water is more common, especially banded distribution Xiaofu River front-line, by the distance followed by contamination from the river, heavy pollution and severe pollution. Quaternary pore water is directly affected by river water quality, Xiaofu River pollution levels are generally heavy pollution and severe pollution, the major pollutants are SO42-, total hardness, TDS, etc.
Through the pit water quality characteristics and evolution of research, found that the formation of the chemical composition of mine drainage is from FeS2oxidized, and the results of follow-up series of reactions. Coal mine closure pit water quality feature:high sulfate, high hardness, high salinity.
Through the groundwater quality assessment and pollution assessment, we can see that in the Hongshan closure mine karstic water quality distribution law is unlike in other mining areas. There is the problem cross strata pollution. By the pumping test, block test found that three basic methods to control cross strata pollution:cut the pollution channel; control groundwater flow field patterns, to prevent the spread of contamination; pre-control.
通过对矿区地表水和地下水做了相应的污染评价,总体看区内地表水以高硫酸盐为主要特征,硫酸盐普遍高于250m/L,表现出受矿坑水污染的水质特征。区内岩溶水总体可划分为微污染、轻污染、中污染、重污染和严重污染五个级别,地下水中的主要污染物以SO42-、总硬度、矿化度为主。裂隙水污染相对溶岩水较普遍,尤其是呈条带状分布于孝妇河沿岸一线,由离河远近依次为中污染、重污染、严重污染。第四系孔隙水直接受河水水质的影响,孝妇河沿岸污染程度一般为重污染和严重污染,主要污染物为SO42-、总硬度、TDS等。
通过对矿坑水水质特征及演化的研究,发现矿坑排水化学成分的形成,就是从FeS2被氧化开始以及后续一系列反应过程的结果。煤矿闭坑后矿坑水水质特点为：高硫酸盐、高硬度、高矿化度。
通过土柱试验说明洪山矿区由于闭坑,停止矿坑水灌溉后,土壤对SO42-具有吸附能力,吸附作用具有时间短、速度快、易饱和的特征,而且土壤中的SO42-解吸、转移能力较强易随大气降水入渗污染地下水。
根据本次地下水质量评价和污染评价,可以看出在洪山闭坑矿区裂隙岩溶水水质分布规律与其它矿区不同,存在串层污染问题。通过抽水试验、封堵试验发现控制串层污染的基本方法有三个,一是切断污染通道；二是控制地下水流场形态,防止污染扩散；三是预控制。
Coal resources is very rich at Zichuan.It is one of the major coal-producing district of Zibo City. After a long mining, especially large-scale exploitation of the previous century, Zichuan District coal mines into the aging period. Especially Hongshan and Zhaili coal discontinued or ceased, stopped pumping groundwater, the pit water level rised, the hydrodynamic field changed, had a profound impact on groundwater chemical field, caused deterioration of the local groundwater quality,had an adverse impact to living and industrial and agricultural production. Ceased mining pit water level rising edge of inclined gravity and exploitation of the mine dewatering and drainage, not only wasted groundwater resources but also.contaminated surface water, lack of water on water and quality coexisted in the study area.
Through the mining area of surface water and groundwater pollution evaluation, the overall look of the regional surface water with high sulfate as the main feature, the sulfate is generally higher than250mg/L, showing a pit of water pollution water quality characteristics. Region karst water in general can be divided into micro-pollution, light pollution, pollution, heavy pollution and severe pollution of five levels of major pollutants in the groundwater of SO42-, total hardness, salinity dominated. Fissure water pollution relatively lava water is more common, especially banded distribution Xiaofu River front-line, by the distance followed by contamination from the river, heavy pollution and severe pollution. Quaternary pore water is directly affected by river water quality, Xiaofu River pollution levels are generally heavy pollution and severe pollution, the major pollutants are SO42-, total hardness, TDS, etc.
Through the pit water quality characteristics and evolution of research, found that the formation of the chemical composition of mine drainage is from FeS2oxidized, and the results of follow-up series of reactions. Coal mine closure pit water quality feature:high sulfate, high hardness, high salinity.
Through the groundwater quality assessment and pollution assessment, we can see that in the Hongshan closure mine karstic water quality distribution law is unlike in other mining areas. There is the problem cross strata pollution. By the pumping test, block test found that three basic methods to control cross strata pollution:cut the pollution channel; control groundwater flow field patterns, to prevent the spread of contamination; pre-control.
引文
[1]刘勇等.矿井水水质特征及排放污染[J].煤矿环境,2007,13(3)：83-86
[2]范传辉等.煤矿矿井水综合利用问题分析与对策研究[J].能源技术与管理,2010(3)114-115
[3]Anderson D L. Helium-3 from the mantle:Primordial signal or cosmie dust[J].Science.1993, 261(5118):170-178
[4]Farley K A.Is" primordial "Helium really extraterrestrial [J].Sciences,1993,261(5118):166-167
[5]李建斌等.浅议矿井水对开采过程的影响与防治[J].煤,2008,17(6)：77-78
[6]Maruyama S. Plume tectonies[J].Geol.Soc.Japan,1994,100(1):24-29
[7]Murrell M T, Burnett D S. Partitioning of K, U and Th between sulfide and silieate liquids:implieations for radioative heating of planetary cores[J].J.GeoPhys.Research, 1986,91(BS):8126-8136
[8]黄长军.孝妇河流域淄川区段地下水污染与质量评价[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(4)：104-106
[9]徐军祥等.淄博煤矿闭坑对地下水的污染及控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(10)：28-30
[10]张建立等.淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征及其形成机理的初步研究[J].地质论评,2000,46(3)：263-269
[11]伊利军等.淄博市地下水水质现状与趋势[J].地下水,2001,23(1)：15-17
[12]常允新等.淄博市洪山,寨里煤矿地下水污染形成原因及防治[J].山东地质,1999,15(1)：41-45
[13]冯秀军.淄博市淄川区矿坑水对水资源的影响与应用研究[J].地下水,2006,28(2)：14-15
[14]伊利军等.淄川区矿坑水对水资源的影响与应用研究[J].山东水利,2007,34(6)：63-65
[15]Poreda R J, Farley K A.Rare gases in Samoan Xenoliths[J].Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters,1992,113(1/2):129-144
[16]张健俐等.淄川区煤矿闭坑地下水污染防治[J].地下水,2001,38(3)：65-68
[17]吕华等.淄博市洪山_寨里煤矿地下水串层污染形成原因及防治[J].中国媒体地质,2005,17(4)：24-27
[18]董强等.山东淄博淄川煤矿区矿坑水特征及对水资源影响[J].管理观察,2009,(34)80-82
[19]程普云等.煤炭工业矿坑水形成机理及综合利用分析[J].2001,21(6)：40-42
[20]冯美生.废弃煤矿对地下水污染研究[D].辽宁：辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[21]李伟等.淄川区矿坑水资源利用评价与分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(9)：81-84
[22]马震等.淄河下游污染区地下水污染特征及人畜供水条件分析[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(1)：57-63
[23]王雪峰等.矿山环境治理应重视经济手段[J].资源与产业,2006,8(6)：28-30
[24]侯兵等.淄博市淄川区矿产资源现状及远景规[J].山东国土资源,2007,23(12)：18-20
[25]范宁.淄博市淄川区水资源特性与演变情势研究[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[26]张国健.萌山水库水质评价与水资源配置研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007
[27]张玉荣.太河水库供水产业发展前景与对策[J].山东水利,2003,3(1)：35-36
[28]徐品.灰色关联分析方法在防治地下水污染研究中的应用[J].山东地质情报,1991,5(2)：55-57
[29]吴耀国等.山东淄博孝妇河流域孔隙水污染原因分析[J].农业环境保护,1999,6(3)：34-37
[30]宋尚波.淄博市水资源调查评价[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[31]张建立等.山东淄博煤矿区环境中多环芳烃的初步研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(2)：7-9
[32]华风林等.矿山酸性废水的形成机理及防治途径初探[J].河海大学学报,1993,21(5)：55-61
[33]武强等.矿井水的资源化与环境保护[J].地质论评,1997,43(2)：217-224
[34]Colmer A R Hinkle M E.The role of microorganisms in acid mine drainage.Science,1947 (106):253-256
[35]Singer P C, Stumm W.Acidic mine drainage:the rate-deterring step. Science,1970 (167):1121-1123
[36]Powell J D. Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the united states.Environ.Geol.Water Sci,1988,11(2):141-152
[37]Evangelou V P, Zhang Y L. A review:pyrite oxidation mechanisms and acid mine drainage prevention.Environmental Science and Technology,1995,25(2):141-199
[38]刘勇等.矿井水水质特征及排放污染[J].洁净煤技术,2007,13(3)：83-85
[39]Poreda R J, Craig H.He and Srisotopes in the Lau Basin mantle depleted and primitive mantle components[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1992,113(4):487-493
[40]Porcell D, Wasserburg G J.Mass transfer of Helium, neon, argon and xenon through a steady-state upper mantle.Geochim[J].Cosmochim.Acta,1995,59:921-937
[41]胡文容.煤矿矿井水处理技术[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1996
[42]张同雷等.新河煤矿矿井水资源的开采利用[J].徐煤科技,1998,(3)：29-31
[43]Goodarzi F,Mudhopadhyay P K.Metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbonsin the drinking water of the Sydney Bain,Nova Scotia,Canada:a pre-liminary assessment of their source[J].International Journal of CoalGeology,2000,43:357-372
[44]SUNYu-zhuang.Distribution of selected elements and PAHin freshlydeposited sediments of waste water streams from Lubin District,south-west Poland[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,1999,21(2):141-155
[45]伊利军等.淄博市浅层地下水污染现状及防治措施[J].水资源研究,2003(3)：35-37
[46]Leuven R S EW,NienhuisPH,Kesseleer JMA,et al.Annual emis-sions of pollutants from mine stone applications in drainage basins of Dutch rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,410:315-323
[47]Zhao Zheng-bao, LiuKun-lei,et.Soluble polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in raw coals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,B73:77-85
[48]陈海峰.酸性矿井水的成因利防治对策[J].煤矿环境保护,1993,7(1)：7-10
[49]伊利军等.淄博市浅层地下水污染现状及防治措施[J].水资源研究,2003,24(3)：20-21
[50]Staudacher T H, Allegre C J. Terrewstrial xenology[J].Earth and Planetary Sience Letters, 1982,60(4):359-406
[51]钟华平等.南水北调受水区地下水保护与修复措施[J].中国水利,2010(7)：33-35
[52]于长华等.淄博煤田矿坑积水优化利用可行性探讨[J].水处理技术,2003,29(2)：110-112
[53]宋尚波.淄博市水资源调查评价[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[54]乔小娟等.采煤对地下水资源与环境的影响分析——以山西太原西山煤矿开采区为例[J].水资源保护,2010,26(1)：49-52
[55]钟佐燊等.淄博煤矿矿坑排水对地表水体的污染及对地下水水质影响的研究[J].地学前缘,1999,6(21)：238-244
[56]崔玉川等.煤炭矿井水处理利用技术进展[J].工业水与废水,2000,31(2)：1-3
[2]范传辉等.煤矿矿井水综合利用问题分析与对策研究[J].能源技术与管理,2010(3)114-115
[3]Anderson D L. Helium-3 from the mantle:Primordial signal or cosmie dust[J].Science.1993, 261(5118):170-178
[4]Farley K A.Is" primordial "Helium really extraterrestrial [J].Sciences,1993,261(5118):166-167
[5]李建斌等.浅议矿井水对开采过程的影响与防治[J].煤,2008,17(6)：77-78
[6]Maruyama S. Plume tectonies[J].Geol.Soc.Japan,1994,100(1):24-29
[7]Murrell M T, Burnett D S. Partitioning of K, U and Th between sulfide and silieate liquids:implieations for radioative heating of planetary cores[J].J.GeoPhys.Research, 1986,91(BS):8126-8136
[8]黄长军.孝妇河流域淄川区段地下水污染与质量评价[J].中国给水排水,2004,20(4)：104-106
[9]徐军祥等.淄博煤矿闭坑对地下水的污染及控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(10)：28-30
[10]张建立等.淄博煤矿矿坑排水的水化学特征及其形成机理的初步研究[J].地质论评,2000,46(3)：263-269
[11]伊利军等.淄博市地下水水质现状与趋势[J].地下水,2001,23(1)：15-17
[12]常允新等.淄博市洪山,寨里煤矿地下水污染形成原因及防治[J].山东地质,1999,15(1)：41-45
[13]冯秀军.淄博市淄川区矿坑水对水资源的影响与应用研究[J].地下水,2006,28(2)：14-15
[14]伊利军等.淄川区矿坑水对水资源的影响与应用研究[J].山东水利,2007,34(6)：63-65
[15]Poreda R J, Farley K A.Rare gases in Samoan Xenoliths[J].Earth and Planetary Sciences Letters,1992,113(1/2):129-144
[16]张健俐等.淄川区煤矿闭坑地下水污染防治[J].地下水,2001,38(3)：65-68
[17]吕华等.淄博市洪山_寨里煤矿地下水串层污染形成原因及防治[J].中国媒体地质,2005,17(4)：24-27
[18]董强等.山东淄博淄川煤矿区矿坑水特征及对水资源影响[J].管理观察,2009,(34)80-82
[19]程普云等.煤炭工业矿坑水形成机理及综合利用分析[J].2001,21(6)：40-42
[20]冯美生.废弃煤矿对地下水污染研究[D].辽宁：辽宁工程技术大学,2006
[21]李伟等.淄川区矿坑水资源利用评价与分析[J].煤炭科学技术,2006,34(9)：81-84
[22]马震等.淄河下游污染区地下水污染特征及人畜供水条件分析[J].地质调查与研究,2006,29(1)：57-63
[23]王雪峰等.矿山环境治理应重视经济手段[J].资源与产业,2006,8(6)：28-30
[24]侯兵等.淄博市淄川区矿产资源现状及远景规[J].山东国土资源,2007,23(12)：18-20
[25]范宁.淄博市淄川区水资源特性与演变情势研究[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[26]张国健.萌山水库水质评价与水资源配置研究[D].山东：山东大学,2007
[27]张玉荣.太河水库供水产业发展前景与对策[J].山东水利,2003,3(1)：35-36
[28]徐品.灰色关联分析方法在防治地下水污染研究中的应用[J].山东地质情报,1991,5(2)：55-57
[29]吴耀国等.山东淄博孝妇河流域孔隙水污染原因分析[J].农业环境保护,1999,6(3)：34-37
[30]宋尚波.淄博市水资源调查评价[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[31]张建立等.山东淄博煤矿区环境中多环芳烃的初步研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2002,30(2)：7-9
[32]华风林等.矿山酸性废水的形成机理及防治途径初探[J].河海大学学报,1993,21(5)：55-61
[33]武强等.矿井水的资源化与环境保护[J].地质论评,1997,43(2)：217-224
[34]Colmer A R Hinkle M E.The role of microorganisms in acid mine drainage.Science,1947 (106):253-256
[35]Singer P C, Stumm W.Acidic mine drainage:the rate-deterring step. Science,1970 (167):1121-1123
[36]Powell J D. Origin and influence of coal mine drainage on streams of the united states.Environ.Geol.Water Sci,1988,11(2):141-152
[37]Evangelou V P, Zhang Y L. A review:pyrite oxidation mechanisms and acid mine drainage prevention.Environmental Science and Technology,1995,25(2):141-199
[38]刘勇等.矿井水水质特征及排放污染[J].洁净煤技术,2007,13(3)：83-85
[39]Poreda R J, Craig H.He and Srisotopes in the Lau Basin mantle depleted and primitive mantle components[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1992,113(4):487-493
[40]Porcell D, Wasserburg G J.Mass transfer of Helium, neon, argon and xenon through a steady-state upper mantle.Geochim[J].Cosmochim.Acta,1995,59:921-937
[41]胡文容.煤矿矿井水处理技术[M].上海：同济大学出版社,1996
[42]张同雷等.新河煤矿矿井水资源的开采利用[J].徐煤科技,1998,(3)：29-31
[43]Goodarzi F,Mudhopadhyay P K.Metal and polyaromatic hydrocarbonsin the drinking water of the Sydney Bain,Nova Scotia,Canada:a pre-liminary assessment of their source[J].International Journal of CoalGeology,2000,43:357-372
[44]SUNYu-zhuang.Distribution of selected elements and PAHin freshlydeposited sediments of waste water streams from Lubin District,south-west Poland[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,1999,21(2):141-155
[45]伊利军等.淄博市浅层地下水污染现状及防治措施[J].水资源研究,2003(3)：35-37
[46]Leuven R S EW,NienhuisPH,Kesseleer JMA,et al.Annual emis-sions of pollutants from mine stone applications in drainage basins of Dutch rivers[J].Hydrobiologia,1999,410:315-323
[47]Zhao Zheng-bao, LiuKun-lei,et.Soluble polycyclic aromatic hydro-carbons in raw coals[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2000,B73:77-85
[48]陈海峰.酸性矿井水的成因利防治对策[J].煤矿环境保护,1993,7(1)：7-10
[49]伊利军等.淄博市浅层地下水污染现状及防治措施[J].水资源研究,2003,24(3)：20-21
[50]Staudacher T H, Allegre C J. Terrewstrial xenology[J].Earth and Planetary Sience Letters, 1982,60(4):359-406
[51]钟华平等.南水北调受水区地下水保护与修复措施[J].中国水利,2010(7)：33-35
[52]于长华等.淄博煤田矿坑积水优化利用可行性探讨[J].水处理技术,2003,29(2)：110-112
[53]宋尚波.淄博市水资源调查评价[D].南京：河海大学,2007
[54]乔小娟等.采煤对地下水资源与环境的影响分析——以山西太原西山煤矿开采区为例[J].水资源保护,2010,26(1)：49-52
[55]钟佐燊等.淄博煤矿矿坑排水对地表水体的污染及对地下水水质影响的研究[J].地学前缘,1999,6(21)：238-244
[56]崔玉川等.煤炭矿井水处理利用技术进展[J].工业水与废水,2000,31(2)：1-3