微纳多孔表面的制备及其沸腾传热性能的实验研究
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摘要
表面多孔结构强化沸腾传热是一种高效的强化传热技术,能够有效提高传热性能,大幅提高能源利用效率。本文对微纳多孔表面的制备方法进行了实验研究,分析了电镀电流、电镀时间、是否加入表面活性剂等实验条件对微纳多孔表面的结构及其特征物理量的影响,证明了通过控制实验参数能够获得稳定的微纳多孔表面。
以去离子水为工质,测定了不同微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热性能,分析了孔隙率等特征物理参数对微纳多孔表面沸腾传热性能的影响。通过分析对比微纳多孔表面和光滑表面的沸腾传热性能得出结论：微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热性能相对于光滑表面有显著提高,在同一热流密度下,微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热系数最高可提高到光滑表面的1.7倍,过热度最高可降低13℃左右；而在同一过热度下,沸腾传热系数最高可提高到光滑表面的3.2倍；光滑表面的临界热流密度约为178W/cm2,微纳多孔表面的临界热流密度约为292W/cm2,约为光滑表面的1.64倍,有很明显的提高。
The porous surface structure is a highly efficient heat transfer enhancement, it can effectively improve the heat transfer performance, and significantly improve energy efficiency.Experimental research and exploration were done and finally the optimal experimental approach for electrodeposition was found to got the nanostructured macroporous surfaces, and it is proved that porous surfaces with relatively stable size of the main particle can be obtained using this method.The influence of experimental conditions, such as electroplating current, electroplating time, and with or without surfactant, to the porous layer was analyzed and compared qualitatively. These experimental conditions impact the structure and characteristic parameters of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces markedly.
Pool boiling tests were performed in water, in order to assess the influence of surface features on boiling. It's been proved that characteristic parameters would evidently affect the boiling heat transfer performance of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces. The superheat can be mostly reduced about 13℃at the same heat flux, and the heat transfer coefficient of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces can be enhanced up to about 1.7 times that of the smooth surface, and while at the same superheat, it can be enhanced up to about 3.2 times. The critical heat flux of the smooth surface and one nanostructured macroporous surface was tested respectively. The results show that the critical heat flux of smooth surface is about 178W/cm2, and for the porous surface sample it is about 292W/cm2. It was a noticeable enhancement, up to about 1.64 times of the smooth surface sample.
以去离子水为工质,测定了不同微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热性能,分析了孔隙率等特征物理参数对微纳多孔表面沸腾传热性能的影响。通过分析对比微纳多孔表面和光滑表面的沸腾传热性能得出结论：微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热性能相对于光滑表面有显著提高,在同一热流密度下,微纳多孔表面的沸腾传热系数最高可提高到光滑表面的1.7倍,过热度最高可降低13℃左右；而在同一过热度下,沸腾传热系数最高可提高到光滑表面的3.2倍；光滑表面的临界热流密度约为178W/cm2,微纳多孔表面的临界热流密度约为292W/cm2,约为光滑表面的1.64倍,有很明显的提高。
The porous surface structure is a highly efficient heat transfer enhancement, it can effectively improve the heat transfer performance, and significantly improve energy efficiency.Experimental research and exploration were done and finally the optimal experimental approach for electrodeposition was found to got the nanostructured macroporous surfaces, and it is proved that porous surfaces with relatively stable size of the main particle can be obtained using this method.The influence of experimental conditions, such as electroplating current, electroplating time, and with or without surfactant, to the porous layer was analyzed and compared qualitatively. These experimental conditions impact the structure and characteristic parameters of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces markedly.
Pool boiling tests were performed in water, in order to assess the influence of surface features on boiling. It's been proved that characteristic parameters would evidently affect the boiling heat transfer performance of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces. The superheat can be mostly reduced about 13℃at the same heat flux, and the heat transfer coefficient of the nanostructured macroporous surfaces can be enhanced up to about 1.7 times that of the smooth surface, and while at the same superheat, it can be enhanced up to about 3.2 times. The critical heat flux of the smooth surface and one nanostructured macroporous surface was tested respectively. The results show that the critical heat flux of smooth surface is about 178W/cm2, and for the porous surface sample it is about 292W/cm2. It was a noticeable enhancement, up to about 1.64 times of the smooth surface sample.
引文
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[11]路慧霞,马晓建,赵凌.脉动流动强化传热的研究进展[J].节能技术,2008,26(148)：168-172.
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[20]Kalaiselvam, S Gugan, et al. Experimental investigation of anodized/spray pyrolysed nanoporous structure on heat transfer augmentation[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2009,18(4):358-363.
[21]谭华玉.烧结丝网复合板多孔表面的制备及其传热性能研究[D].北京：钢铁总院,2005.
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[29]K. Boomsma, D. Poulikakos, and F. Zwick. Metal Foam as Compact High Performance Heat Exchangers [J]. Mechanics of Materials,2003,35:1161-1176.
[30]K. Boomsma, D. Poulikakos, and Y. Ventikos. Simulations of Flow through Open Cell Foams Using an Ideal Periodic Cell Structure[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2003,24:825-834.
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[32]丁枢华,汪清善,许克强等.表面多孔管烧结研究[J].浙江冶金,1989,18(1)：11-17.
[33]刘阿龙,徐宏等.复合粉末多孔表面管的沸腾传热[J].化工学报,2006,57(4)：726-730.
[34]廖丽华,董清波,申传文等.铝多孔表面换热管强化沸腾换热的研究及应用[J].石化技术与应用,2003,21(3)：179-180.
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[36]Renkun Chen, et al. Nanowires for Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer[J]. Nano Letters, 2009,9(2):548-553.
[37]Gottzmann C F, et al. High Efficiency Heat Exchangers[J]. Chemical Eng, Progress, 1973,69(7):69-75.
[38]刘阿龙,徐宏等.烧结型多孔管的污垢特性[J].化工学报,2008,59(10)：2448-2454.
[39]Ralph L. Webb. The Evolution of Enhanced Surface Geometries for Nucleate Boiling [J]. Heat Transfer Engineering,1981,2(3-4):46-49.
[40]Kurihari H M and Myers J E. Effects of Super Heat and Roughness on the Boiling Coefficients[J]. AICHE,1960,6(1):83.
[41]支浩,奚正平等.用于热交换的金属多孔表面制备方法[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2009,38(增3)：245-249.
[42]谭华玉等.多孔表面的制造方法及其强化沸腾传热效果的比较[J].流体机械,2006,34(1)：80-85.
[43]The Gates Rubber Company. Liquid heat exchanger interface and method[P]. US Patent, USA:3990862,1976.
[44]北京化工研究院.用于强化沸腾传热的金属多孔表面金属管的制法[P].中国专利,CN1003522B,1989.
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