建设工程质量责任法律制度探讨
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摘要
建设工程是人们日常生活和生产、经营、工作的主要场所,是人类生存和发展的物质基础。建设工程的质量,不但关系到生产经营活动的正常运行,也关系到人们的财产和生命健康的安全。近年来频频发生的一系列建设工程质量事故,给人们留下了血的惨痛教训。建设工程的质量问题成为了全社会关注的热点问题之一。加强建设工程的质量管理体系建设,提高建设工程的质量水平,更是全民热切盼望解决的问题,也是我国构建和谐社会的发展需要。国家一方面相继颁布一系列的建筑法律法规,规范建设工程各参建主体的行为、权利义务;另一方面,加强了建设工程的监督管理,采取了政府监督部门专门监督,实行工程担保和工程保险等措施。这对提高我国建设工程质量水平起到了积极的作用。但是,建设工程的质量问题应该作为一个永久性的问题来解决,其中对于建设工程质量责任制度的建立也是不容忽视的。质量事故一旦发生,质量责任的追究成为了重要的任务。但是我国建筑法律法规对建设工程质量责任法律制度的规定存在许多缺陷。例如,建设工程质量责任立法体例缺乏系统性;建设工程质量保修期与损害赔偿期责任规定不明确;建设工程质量保险制度的缺陷;精神损害赔偿制度缺失以及诉讼时效规定不合理。这些缺陷急需在我国的建筑法律法规中加以完善。这对完善我国建筑法律法规,使建设工程质量责任发生时作到有法可依,保障各参建主体的正当利益有着重要的意义,对于解决建设工程质量问题、提高建设工程质量水平起到重要作用。
Construction project is the main place of people's daily life, production , conduction and working, and also a material foundation of mankind existing and developing .The quality of construction project is not only relate to the normal operating of the producing and conducting activities, but also relate to people’s property and people’s healthy security. A series of construction project accidents , which have taken place again and again in recent years, give the greatly aggrieved precept of blood for people. The quality problem of construction project have become one of the hottest problems which should be paid more attention. Strengthen the construction quality management system, improving the level of the construction project quality, but also is the problem for all fervently hope to solve ,also is the need of building harmonious society in China. Our nation, on the one hand , have promulgated a series of building laws and regulations one after another ,standardizing the behavior of each main party in project constructing, their rights and obligations; on the other hand, strengthened the supervision management of construction projects, adopted some measures such as the government supervision departments to take specialized supervision, implementation of project security and project insurance etc. These have played a positive role on improving the level of the quality of the construction project. But, the quality problem of construction projects should be a permanent problem to resolve. The establishment of the quality responsibility system of the construction projects can not be ignored, once the construction projects quality accidents happening, quality responsibility system become an important task. However, the construction of China's laws and regulations on the responsibility for the quality of construction project exists many defects. For example, responsibility for the quality of construction projects system is lack of legislative style; the responsibility provisions on construction project quality warranty period and damages liability is not clear; construction project quality insurance system exists defects; the lack of moral damage compensation system, as well as deletion of limitations requirement is unreasonable. These problems should be clearly promulgated in our country‘s legislation in construction projects. It has an important significance in perfecting China's laws and regulations, protecting the legitimate interests of the main parties, providing rules in the quality responsibility, and also has positive function on solving the problems of the quality of construction projects.
Construction project is the main place of people's daily life, production , conduction and working, and also a material foundation of mankind existing and developing .The quality of construction project is not only relate to the normal operating of the producing and conducting activities, but also relate to people’s property and people’s healthy security. A series of construction project accidents , which have taken place again and again in recent years, give the greatly aggrieved precept of blood for people. The quality problem of construction project have become one of the hottest problems which should be paid more attention. Strengthen the construction quality management system, improving the level of the construction project quality, but also is the problem for all fervently hope to solve ,also is the need of building harmonious society in China. Our nation, on the one hand , have promulgated a series of building laws and regulations one after another ,standardizing the behavior of each main party in project constructing, their rights and obligations; on the other hand, strengthened the supervision management of construction projects, adopted some measures such as the government supervision departments to take specialized supervision, implementation of project security and project insurance etc. These have played a positive role on improving the level of the quality of the construction project. But, the quality problem of construction projects should be a permanent problem to resolve. The establishment of the quality responsibility system of the construction projects can not be ignored, once the construction projects quality accidents happening, quality responsibility system become an important task. However, the construction of China's laws and regulations on the responsibility for the quality of construction project exists many defects. For example, responsibility for the quality of construction projects system is lack of legislative style; the responsibility provisions on construction project quality warranty period and damages liability is not clear; construction project quality insurance system exists defects; the lack of moral damage compensation system, as well as deletion of limitations requirement is unreasonable. These problems should be clearly promulgated in our country‘s legislation in construction projects. It has an important significance in perfecting China's laws and regulations, protecting the legitimate interests of the main parties, providing rules in the quality responsibility, and also has positive function on solving the problems of the quality of construction projects.
引文
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[19]赵康.建筑质量侵权责任初探 .学术研究,2001,8
[20]方恩升.无过错责任原则:风险会中保护个人生命健康的盾牌.学术论坛,2007,6
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[26]赵康.建筑质量侵权责任初探.学术研究,2001,8,171
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[28]孔祥俊,杨丽.侵权责任要件研究[J].政法论坛,1993,1
[29]于敏.日本侵权行为法中的抚慰金制度研究[J].外国法译纵,1998,4-4
[30]Restatement of The law. Second Torts ,VOL3.chapter22,DcopeNobe,1981, American Law Institute Publishers 903
[31]马俊驹,余延满.民法原论.北京:法律出社,1998,1038
[32]王利明,杨立新.侵权行为法.法律出版社,1996,680
[33]王利明,徐明.民法.侵权行为法.中国人民大学出版社,1993年版,561
[34]JoseohE . Stiglitz. Risk, Incentives and Insurance:The Pure Theory of Moral H azard,8GENEVA PAPERS RISK&INS4.8 (1983)
[35]王占元.我国建设工程保险立法问题研究.华东政法学院,2006,5,41
[36]James R .Boone, William S.McIntyre.Protecting Contractor In terestsin a W rap-Up, http://www.IRMLcom. 2001
[37]DavidM . O ‘Haren. Safety and Risk Control . http://www IRMI.com.2002
[38]钟华.论精神损害赔偿.[EB/OL].中国民商法律网,2003,7
[39]http://www1.soufun.com/news/2007-12-25/1418238_4.html
[2] 刘文琦.产品责任法律制度比较研究.法律出版社,1997,135
[3] (英)L.乔纳森.科恩著.邱仁宗译.理性的对话:分析哲学的分析.社会科学出版社,1998,15
[4] 高綮芳,季宏民.建设工程质量非正常状态等级划分异议.建设监理,2007,4,58
[5] 朱宏亮,曹新宇.建设工程质量责任的法律问题.建筑,2001,4,4
[6] 巩丽霞.关于建筑工程质量责任立法的探讨.建筑管理现代化,2006,3
[7] 张文显.法理学.北京:高等教育出版社、北京大学出版社,1999,122
[8] 张骐.论当代中国法律责任的目的、功能与归责的基本原则.中外法学,1996,6,29
[9] 江平.民法学.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2000,93
[10]王利明.民法.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000,531
[11]王利明,郭明瑞,方流芳.民法新论.北京:中国政法大学出版社,1988,443
[12]谭玲.质量侵权责任研究.中国检察出版社,2003,93
[13]王利明.侵权行为法归责原则研究.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004
[14]崔建远主编.合同法.法律出版社,2005,251
[15]杨立新.侵权法论 .北京:人民法院出版,2004
[16]薛波.元照英美法词典 .北京:法律出版社,2003,94
[17]梁慧星.从过错责任到严格责任—关于合同法草案征求意见稿第 76条第 1款.民商法论丛第 8 卷
[18]田韶华.论我国合同法的严格责任原则.河北法学,2003,3
[19]赵康.建筑质量侵权责任初探 .学术研究,2001,8
[20]方恩升.无过错责任原则:风险会中保护个人生命健康的盾牌.学术论坛,2007,6
[21]朱树英.建设工程法律事务.法律出版社,2001,5,第一版,134
[22]The institution of civil Engineers. The Engineering and construction contract, Thomas telford .L ondon,1995.
[23]曲修山,何红锋.建设工程合同纠纷处理实务.知识产权出版社,2004,3,第一版,66
[24]孙鹏.合同法热点问题研究.群众出版社,2001,5,409-427
[25]刘济民.论产品侵权责任.集团经济,2005,1
[26]赵康.建筑质量侵权责任初探.学术研究,2001,8,171
[27]虹桥垮塌案审判实录. 中央电视台庭审直播摄制组.法律出版社,1999,4,294.
[28]孔祥俊,杨丽.侵权责任要件研究[J].政法论坛,1993,1
[29]于敏.日本侵权行为法中的抚慰金制度研究[J].外国法译纵,1998,4-4
[30]Restatement of The law. Second Torts ,VOL3.chapter22,DcopeNobe,1981, American Law Institute Publishers 903
[31]马俊驹,余延满.民法原论.北京:法律出社,1998,1038
[32]王利明,杨立新.侵权行为法.法律出版社,1996,680
[33]王利明,徐明.民法.侵权行为法.中国人民大学出版社,1993年版,561
[34]JoseohE . Stiglitz. Risk, Incentives and Insurance:The Pure Theory of Moral H azard,8GENEVA PAPERS RISK&INS4.8 (1983)
[35]王占元.我国建设工程保险立法问题研究.华东政法学院,2006,5,41
[36]James R .Boone, William S.McIntyre.Protecting Contractor In terestsin a W rap-Up, http://www.IRMLcom. 2001
[37]DavidM . O ‘Haren. Safety and Risk Control . http://www IRMI.com.2002
[38]钟华.论精神损害赔偿.[EB/OL].中国民商法律网,2003,7
[39]http://www1.soufun.com/news/2007-12-25/1418238_4.html