灌溉试验数据整编和管理系统开发及数据分析研究
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摘要
灌溉试验数据是灌溉工程规划设计、区域水资源优化配置、农田用水管理、以及未来水权分配与管理的重要基础数据,没有一套灌溉试验数据管理系统做依托,是很难保证这些工作的科学性的,故利用当今的计算机技术,开发一套灌溉试验资料整编和管理系统,对于我国灌溉试验资料的采集、整编、归档、查询和提供技术服务有着极其重要意义。
     本文以湖北省灌溉试验系统为背景,以湖北省多年灌溉试验资料为基础,根据灌溉试验资料管理和整编的内容、工作步骤,有关部门对灌溉试验资料管理的要求等,利用计算机的数据库技术开发了一套灌溉试验数据整编和管理系统,使其能面向实际、面向未来,为农田用水管理和节水灌溉事业服务。
     在对湖北省多年灌溉试验数据进行整编的基础上,利用统计学知识,从湖北省农业区域分布、时间变化及试验因子之间的相关性等多角度对湖北省多年来水稻需水量变化规律进行了分析。同时,针对湖北省水稻灌溉制度试验多年开展的实际情况,以中稻为典型,对“浅水淹灌”、“浅灌蓄雨”、“湿润”三种灌溉模式,分农业区域,从各个灌溉模式下历年中稻平均产量、耗水量与耗水系数、灌溉定额与灌水定额、灌溉次数、灌溉水分生产率与降雨利用率等不同角度进行了对比分析,得出一些结论和建议。相关结果对指导湖北省水稻灌溉具有重要的实际意义。
The data of irrigation experiment is the basic information of irrigation project planning and designing, optimum regional distribution of water resource, field water management, and allocation and management of water rights in the future. It is difficult to ensure the scientific characteristic of all these works without the support of the system, which manages the irrigation experiment data. So it is of great significance to develop a set of system by using the computer technique, to collection, reorganization, query, classification and pigeonholing of irrigation experiment data and thus provide technique service to related works.
    Based on the background of irrigation system of Hubei province and the irrigation experiment data, according to the content and management process of irrigation experiment data as well as the requirement of relevant department, this thesis developed a reorganizing and managing system for irrigation experiment data with database technique. This system has well practicality and also considered the conditions of irrigation experiment development in the future. It can be used in field water management and water saving irrigation.
    Based on the long time historical irrigation experiment data of Hubei province, the change laws of rice water requirement was analyzed from different aspects, such as distribution of agricultural regions, time changing, and correlationship between experiment factors. At the same time, according to the practice of irrigation regime experiment for rice, this thesis analyzed the merits and disadvantages of three irrigation regimes including "flooded irrigation with shallow water", "shallow irrigation with deeper standing water after rainfall " and "wetting irrigation" from different agricultural regions. Some conclusions and suggestions was educed from the contrastive analysis to the indices of average yield, water consumption and its coefficient, irrigation quota, irrigation times, irrigation water productivity, and efficiency of rainfall utilization under each regime. The results are very important in guiding rice irrigation in Hubei province.
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