中国大型承包商战略能力成熟度的研究
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摘要
大型承包商是我国建筑业的中坚力量,其持续发展壮大对于建筑业乃至整个国民经济都具有重要的意义。然而当前我国的大型承包商却普遍陷入规模快速增长效益停滞不前甚至下滑的局面,与国际大型承包商相比我国的大型承包商既不大也不强,如何有效地促进大型承包商的持续、健康发展具有重要意义。为此本文在企业能力论及战略能力发展基础上,继续深入研究战略能力,并将其与成熟度模型相结合应用于大型承包商的发展实践,采用理论分析与案例分析相结合、定性与定量分析相结合的研究方法,综合运用企业能力论、企业战略管理、DEA、计量经济学等多学科知识,结合大型承包商的行业特色和实际需求,对大型承包商战略能力成熟度进行了深入细致的研究,具体如下:
在深入剖析企业能力论及战略能力发展基础上,继续深入研究企业战略能力,研究并界定了企业战略能力的概念及特征;分析了企业效率的概念,分析了战略能力与企业效率之间的关系;明确了战略能力可以用企业效率进行衡量;将成熟度模型与企业战略能力相结合,提出了企业战略能力成熟度二维模型,指出了企业战略能力成熟度分为内部成熟度和外部成熟度,给出了其一般操作过程。
采用基于Malmquist生产率指数的方法对1996-2005年间我国大型承包商全要素生产率的变迁进行了细致的研究,指出了大型承包商全要素生产率的波动是由于技术效率和技术进步相互波动影响的结果,提出了提高承包商生产率的具体建议;采用基于GM(1,1)和回归分析方法预测了国内GDP、固定资产投资及建筑业总产值;分析了当前项目层次及企业层次的关键竞争要素变迁对大型承包商影响;阐述了大型承包商战略能力各能力要素的组成。
结合企业战略能力成熟度及大型承包商发展态势的研究,界定了大型承包商战略能力内部成熟度等级和内涵,界定了每个成熟度等级的关键实践及内涵;确定了大型承包商战略能力内部成熟度的划分准则;采用基于DEA的分析方法评价了2003-2006年我国上市大型承包商的内部效率,并确定其内部成熟度等级,有针对性地提出了其内部成熟度提升的具体措施。
界定了大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度的等级和内涵,确定了各成熟度等级的关键实践及内涵;指出了以规模和范围经济作为大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度评价准则;采用了BCC结合C~2R模型评价了大型承包商的规模经济;采用基于Herfindahl指数方法分析了大型承包商多角化经营程度与其绩效之间的关系;采用基于LRUH的模型分析了大型承包商的多角化经营类型对其经营绩效的影响,并以此作为范围经济评价的依据;根据对范围经济和规模经济评价的结果确定了2006年上市大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度等级,最后提出了有针对性的外部成熟度提升措施。
采用本文的理论方法,首先剖析了上海隧道股份有限公司发展中遇到的问题,进而评价并确定其战略能力内部和外部成熟度的等级,确定了上海隧道股份在二维成熟度矩阵中确切位置,根据评价结果,有针对性地提出了隧道股份战略能力成熟度提升的具体发展策略。
本论文研究大型承包商战略能力成熟度的有关理论和方法,可在一定程度上促进企业能力论的发展,提高企业能力论的可操作性,对于促进建筑经济与管理理论的进一步发展,对于解决当前我国大型承包商发展中的瓶颈问题,促进我国大型承包商的持续、健康和快速发展,具有一定的理论和实践意义。
Large-scale contractor(LSC) is the most important part of construction industry. Its sustainable development is of great importance to the construction industry and the national economy. Now it is falling into the paradox of development: its scale expands quickly, but its benefits grow slowly or decrease. So it is of great significance about how to promote its health and sustainable development. Based on the development of the theory of the core-competence,especially the strategic capability, this paper deepenes the research on the strategic capability (SC). Combining with the maturity model, the maturity model of SC, which is applied to the practice of large-scale contractors’development, is developed. A lot of methodologies are used in this research such as theoretical analysis and case study, quantitative and qualitative analysis and so on. Considering the actual demands and characters of LSC, its maturity model is studied in detail as follows:
Based on the development of the theory of the core-competence especially the strategic capability, this paper deepens the research on the strategic capability (SC). The concept of SC and its character are defined. The concept of enterprise efficiency and the relation between internal efficiency and external efficiency are analyzed. The relation between SC and internal efficiency of enterprise and external efficiency is discussed. It is pointed out that SC can be measured by enterprise efficiency. The two dimensional maturity model of SC is put forward when maturity model is applied to SC. It is suggested that the maturity model of SC is divided into internal and external maturity model. Then the general process is given.
The method of Malmquist productivity index is applied to research on the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of LSC from the year 1996-2005. The result shows that the change of TFP is due to the change of technical efficiency and technology progress. Then the value of GDP, investment on fixed assets and the construction industry is forecasted based on the method of GM(1,1) and regression analysis. The influences on LSC are analyzed caused by the change of key competitive factors of projects. At last, the structure of capabilities of LSC is analyzed.
The connotation and grade of internal maturity model of SC of LSC are defined, also the key practice and its connotation of each grade. The classification principles of internal maturity model of SC of LSC are confirmed. The efficiency of listed LSC from the year 2003-2006 is evaluated based on the method DEA and the grade of internal maturity is determined according to the results. Then, the corresponding measures are proposed to improve the internal maturity of SC of LSC.
The connotation and grade of external maturity of SC of LSC are defined, also the key practice and its connotation of each grade. It is pointed out that scope economy and scale economy could be regarded as the principles to evaluate the grade of external maturity of SC of LSC. Then, scale economy of LSC is evaluated based on the model of BCC. The relation is measured between diversification extent of LSC and its performance based on Herfindahl index, also the relation between diversification mode of LSC and its performance based on LRUH model. The results of these can be used to be the evaluation principle of scope economy. According to the evaluation results, the external maturity grade of SC of these listed LSC is finally determined. Then, some corresponding measures are put forward to improve the external maturity of SC.
Using the method which is put forward in this paper, the current problems in the development of Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Corporate are analyzed, then the grade of its internal and external maturity of SC is evaluated respectively by which the exact position in the two-dimensional matrix is determined. According to the results, some corresponding measures are put forward to improve the maturity of SC of Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Corporate.
Researching on relative theory and methods of maturity of SC of LSC are of advantages to enrich and supplement the competence-based theory to some extent, to improve the development of construction economics and management theory, to resolve the problems in the China’s LSC and promote its healthy and sustainable development.
在深入剖析企业能力论及战略能力发展基础上,继续深入研究企业战略能力,研究并界定了企业战略能力的概念及特征;分析了企业效率的概念,分析了战略能力与企业效率之间的关系;明确了战略能力可以用企业效率进行衡量;将成熟度模型与企业战略能力相结合,提出了企业战略能力成熟度二维模型,指出了企业战略能力成熟度分为内部成熟度和外部成熟度,给出了其一般操作过程。
采用基于Malmquist生产率指数的方法对1996-2005年间我国大型承包商全要素生产率的变迁进行了细致的研究,指出了大型承包商全要素生产率的波动是由于技术效率和技术进步相互波动影响的结果,提出了提高承包商生产率的具体建议;采用基于GM(1,1)和回归分析方法预测了国内GDP、固定资产投资及建筑业总产值;分析了当前项目层次及企业层次的关键竞争要素变迁对大型承包商影响;阐述了大型承包商战略能力各能力要素的组成。
结合企业战略能力成熟度及大型承包商发展态势的研究,界定了大型承包商战略能力内部成熟度等级和内涵,界定了每个成熟度等级的关键实践及内涵;确定了大型承包商战略能力内部成熟度的划分准则;采用基于DEA的分析方法评价了2003-2006年我国上市大型承包商的内部效率,并确定其内部成熟度等级,有针对性地提出了其内部成熟度提升的具体措施。
界定了大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度的等级和内涵,确定了各成熟度等级的关键实践及内涵;指出了以规模和范围经济作为大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度评价准则;采用了BCC结合C~2R模型评价了大型承包商的规模经济;采用基于Herfindahl指数方法分析了大型承包商多角化经营程度与其绩效之间的关系;采用基于LRUH的模型分析了大型承包商的多角化经营类型对其经营绩效的影响,并以此作为范围经济评价的依据;根据对范围经济和规模经济评价的结果确定了2006年上市大型承包商战略能力外部成熟度等级,最后提出了有针对性的外部成熟度提升措施。
采用本文的理论方法,首先剖析了上海隧道股份有限公司发展中遇到的问题,进而评价并确定其战略能力内部和外部成熟度的等级,确定了上海隧道股份在二维成熟度矩阵中确切位置,根据评价结果,有针对性地提出了隧道股份战略能力成熟度提升的具体发展策略。
本论文研究大型承包商战略能力成熟度的有关理论和方法,可在一定程度上促进企业能力论的发展,提高企业能力论的可操作性,对于促进建筑经济与管理理论的进一步发展,对于解决当前我国大型承包商发展中的瓶颈问题,促进我国大型承包商的持续、健康和快速发展,具有一定的理论和实践意义。
Large-scale contractor(LSC) is the most important part of construction industry. Its sustainable development is of great importance to the construction industry and the national economy. Now it is falling into the paradox of development: its scale expands quickly, but its benefits grow slowly or decrease. So it is of great significance about how to promote its health and sustainable development. Based on the development of the theory of the core-competence,especially the strategic capability, this paper deepenes the research on the strategic capability (SC). Combining with the maturity model, the maturity model of SC, which is applied to the practice of large-scale contractors’development, is developed. A lot of methodologies are used in this research such as theoretical analysis and case study, quantitative and qualitative analysis and so on. Considering the actual demands and characters of LSC, its maturity model is studied in detail as follows:
Based on the development of the theory of the core-competence especially the strategic capability, this paper deepens the research on the strategic capability (SC). The concept of SC and its character are defined. The concept of enterprise efficiency and the relation between internal efficiency and external efficiency are analyzed. The relation between SC and internal efficiency of enterprise and external efficiency is discussed. It is pointed out that SC can be measured by enterprise efficiency. The two dimensional maturity model of SC is put forward when maturity model is applied to SC. It is suggested that the maturity model of SC is divided into internal and external maturity model. Then the general process is given.
The method of Malmquist productivity index is applied to research on the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of LSC from the year 1996-2005. The result shows that the change of TFP is due to the change of technical efficiency and technology progress. Then the value of GDP, investment on fixed assets and the construction industry is forecasted based on the method of GM(1,1) and regression analysis. The influences on LSC are analyzed caused by the change of key competitive factors of projects. At last, the structure of capabilities of LSC is analyzed.
The connotation and grade of internal maturity model of SC of LSC are defined, also the key practice and its connotation of each grade. The classification principles of internal maturity model of SC of LSC are confirmed. The efficiency of listed LSC from the year 2003-2006 is evaluated based on the method DEA and the grade of internal maturity is determined according to the results. Then, the corresponding measures are proposed to improve the internal maturity of SC of LSC.
The connotation and grade of external maturity of SC of LSC are defined, also the key practice and its connotation of each grade. It is pointed out that scope economy and scale economy could be regarded as the principles to evaluate the grade of external maturity of SC of LSC. Then, scale economy of LSC is evaluated based on the model of BCC. The relation is measured between diversification extent of LSC and its performance based on Herfindahl index, also the relation between diversification mode of LSC and its performance based on LRUH model. The results of these can be used to be the evaluation principle of scope economy. According to the evaluation results, the external maturity grade of SC of these listed LSC is finally determined. Then, some corresponding measures are put forward to improve the external maturity of SC.
Using the method which is put forward in this paper, the current problems in the development of Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Corporate are analyzed, then the grade of its internal and external maturity of SC is evaluated respectively by which the exact position in the two-dimensional matrix is determined. According to the results, some corresponding measures are put forward to improve the maturity of SC of Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Corporate.
Researching on relative theory and methods of maturity of SC of LSC are of advantages to enrich and supplement the competence-based theory to some extent, to improve the development of construction economics and management theory, to resolve the problems in the China’s LSC and promote its healthy and sustainable development.
引文
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