空间运动图像多尺度增强与超分辨率重建研究
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摘要
本论文对基于空间运动图像的增强和超分辨率重建研究,主要针对空间飞行器定位、对接等情景中的图像处理问题进行研究。针对空间运动图像的特点和应用中出现的问题如边缘模糊、噪声影响以及实时性处理等对算法进行了研究。提出了基于多尺度变换的图像增强和多种不同情况下的超分辨率重建算法,设计与实现了图像增强和重建软件工具台。论文完成的主要工作如下：
(1)实现了图像增强算法。对超分辨率重建中使用的图像进行了增强。提出了基于多尺度变换的图像增强方法。利用非下采样轮廓波变换将图像分解为多层高低频图像,对不同的高频变换系数采用自适应的阈值进行处理,分部处理后再逆变换为原图像。
(2)实现了单帧图像超分辨率重建算法。针对传统方法中的边缘模糊、纹理损失以及复杂运算等问题,提出了基于边缘提取的图像插值重建方法,对图像分区域采用不同的方法进行处理。采用改进的canny算子进行边缘提取并扩张,对边缘独立重建后与其他区域重建结果融合在一起,最终得到结果图像。
(3)实现了多帧图像及视频超分辨率重建算法。提出了基于非局部平均估计的改进重建方法。通过综合利用帧间的局部信息,利用新的权值计算公式提高重建效果,并使用预分类、快速统计等方法,提高了算法的运算速度。实验表明该方法的算法速度能达到处理要求。以此算法为核心实现了视频的超分辨率重建,对滑动窗口内的视频帧依次重建后合成为结果视频。
(4)开发了图像增强和重建软件工具,验证了本文提出的算法的有效性。
The propose of this thesis is image enhancement and image super resolution reconstruction of the space motion images. The study aims at the image process of the spacecraft's location and docking. The issue studies the problems in space activities like edge blur, noise and so on. The thesis proposed a new image enhancement method and some new algorithms of super resolution reconstruction in different circumstances based on multi-scale transform. It also developed an experimental platform by Matlab. The main works of this thesis are as follows.
1) Image enhancement algorithm. The issue proposed a new image enhancement method based on multi-scale transform. First, decompose the image into different frequency by NSCT. Then handle the high-frequency coefficients by adaptive threshold. The result images can be obtained by inverse transformation.
2) Super resolution reconstruction with single frame. To conquer the problem of the traditional methods like edge blur and complex calculations, the issue proposed a new fast reconstruction method based on edge extraction. The method can handle the different areas of the image by different ways. It extracts the edges of the image by improved canny operator and does the independent reconstruction on the edge. Then, combine the reconstruction results of different areas to get the high resolution image.
3) Super resolution reconstruction with multi-frame images and video. The traditional methods of multi-frame images rely on accurate motion estimation. The issue proposed an improved reconstruction method based on non local means. This method can improve the images' quantity by the new weight calculation formula. By pre-classification and fast count, the whole algorithm's speed can be more quickly than others. The method can also apply to the video reconstruction by setting a sliding window.
4) Develop an experiment platform. In the end of this thesis, an experiment platform is developed to verify all the proposed methods. The platform provides us a convenient way to deal with images and evaluate the results.
(1)实现了图像增强算法。对超分辨率重建中使用的图像进行了增强。提出了基于多尺度变换的图像增强方法。利用非下采样轮廓波变换将图像分解为多层高低频图像,对不同的高频变换系数采用自适应的阈值进行处理,分部处理后再逆变换为原图像。
(2)实现了单帧图像超分辨率重建算法。针对传统方法中的边缘模糊、纹理损失以及复杂运算等问题,提出了基于边缘提取的图像插值重建方法,对图像分区域采用不同的方法进行处理。采用改进的canny算子进行边缘提取并扩张,对边缘独立重建后与其他区域重建结果融合在一起,最终得到结果图像。
(3)实现了多帧图像及视频超分辨率重建算法。提出了基于非局部平均估计的改进重建方法。通过综合利用帧间的局部信息,利用新的权值计算公式提高重建效果,并使用预分类、快速统计等方法,提高了算法的运算速度。实验表明该方法的算法速度能达到处理要求。以此算法为核心实现了视频的超分辨率重建,对滑动窗口内的视频帧依次重建后合成为结果视频。
(4)开发了图像增强和重建软件工具,验证了本文提出的算法的有效性。
The propose of this thesis is image enhancement and image super resolution reconstruction of the space motion images. The study aims at the image process of the spacecraft's location and docking. The issue studies the problems in space activities like edge blur, noise and so on. The thesis proposed a new image enhancement method and some new algorithms of super resolution reconstruction in different circumstances based on multi-scale transform. It also developed an experimental platform by Matlab. The main works of this thesis are as follows.
1) Image enhancement algorithm. The issue proposed a new image enhancement method based on multi-scale transform. First, decompose the image into different frequency by NSCT. Then handle the high-frequency coefficients by adaptive threshold. The result images can be obtained by inverse transformation.
2) Super resolution reconstruction with single frame. To conquer the problem of the traditional methods like edge blur and complex calculations, the issue proposed a new fast reconstruction method based on edge extraction. The method can handle the different areas of the image by different ways. It extracts the edges of the image by improved canny operator and does the independent reconstruction on the edge. Then, combine the reconstruction results of different areas to get the high resolution image.
3) Super resolution reconstruction with multi-frame images and video. The traditional methods of multi-frame images rely on accurate motion estimation. The issue proposed an improved reconstruction method based on non local means. This method can improve the images' quantity by the new weight calculation formula. By pre-classification and fast count, the whole algorithm's speed can be more quickly than others. The method can also apply to the video reconstruction by setting a sliding window.
4) Develop an experiment platform. In the end of this thesis, an experiment platform is developed to verify all the proposed methods. The platform provides us a convenient way to deal with images and evaluate the results.
引文
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[4]杨欣,费树岷,周大可等.基于频域、时域相结合的白适应图像超分辨率重建[J].控制与决策,2012,27(9)：1343-1347.
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[6]肖杰雄,王仕林,李生红等.基于小波变换和PDE插值的图像超分辨率重建[C].第六届中国信息和通信安全学术会议.2009：356-359.
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[8]Shilling, R.Z.,Robbie, T.Q.,Bailloeul, T. et al.A Super-Resolution Framework for 3-D High-Resolution and High-Contrast Imaging Using 2-D Multislice MRI[J].IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2009,28(5):633-64
[9]Lung-Jen Wang, Ya-Chun Huang. Non-linear Image Enhancement Using Opportunity Costs[C]. Computational Intelligence, Communication Systems and Networks (CICSyN),2010:256-261.
[10]孙洪伟.雾天退化图像的清晰化方法研究[D].合肥工业大学,2010.
[11]Giachetti, A. Real-Time Artifact-Free Image Upscaling[J].Image Processing.2011.10(20):2760-2768.
[12]王捷.数字图像边缘检测方法的若干改进与应用研究[D].浙江理工大学,2010.
[13]陶金.H.264帧间预测中运动估计的研究[D].武汉理工大学,2009.
[14]汪荣贵,张新龙,张璇等.基于Retinex理论的压缩域图像增强方法研究[J].计算机研究与发展,2011,48(2)：259-270.
[15]Hasikin, K, Isa, N.A.M. Enhancement of the Low Contrast Image Using Fuzzy Set Theory[C].2012 UKSim 14th International Conference on Computer Modelling and Simulation (UKSim),2012:371-376.
[16]于天河,戴景民.基于多重分形的红外图像增强技术[J].红外与激光工 程,2010,39(1)：184-188.
[17]项明,吴小培,汤婷等.小波域中的PDE指纹图像增强[J].计算机工程与应用,2010,46(27)：188-190.
[18]Wu Henan, Yang Guang, Xu Zhonglin. Remote Sensing Image Enhancement Method Based on Multi-scale Retinex. International Conference on Information Technology, Computer Engineering and Management Sciences (ICM),2011.9(3):15-18.
[19]李绿森.基于Contourlet变换的图像增强算法[D].厦门大学,2008
[20]徐英,洪治.结合小波去噪的THz图像多尺度增强算法研究[J].传感技术学报,2011.3(24)：398-401.
[21]da Cunha, A.L, Jianping Zhou, Do, M.N. The Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform:Theory, Design, and Applications. Image Processing,2006.10(15):3089-3101.
[22]尹星云,华洁.基于数学形态学高帽变换的彩色图像增强算法[J].科技创新导报,2010(32)：84-86.
[23]Changjiang Zhang, Juan LU. Typhoon Cloud Image Enhancement by Fuzzy Technique[C].第26届中国气象学会年会灾害天气事件的预警、预报及防灾减灾分会场论文集,2009.10：2409-2415.
[24]何小海,吴嫒嫒,陈为龙等.视频超分辨率重建技术综述[J].信息与电子工程,2011,09(1)：1-6.
[25]吕侃,汤心溢,王世勇等.一种基于IBP的红外微扫描图像重建算法[J].红外技术,2011,33(6)：345-348.
[26]Zhang Yi.An improved method for POCS superresolution image reconstruction[C].Electronics,2011 International Conference on Communications and Control (ICECC),2011.9:4150-4153.
[27]He Shijun. A 3D Image Reconstruction Algorithm of Electrical Capacitance Tomography Based on Support Vector Machines[C].2nd International Congress on Image and Signal Processing,2009.10:1-4.
[28]Baikun Wan, Hongmei Zeng, Weibo Yi. Super resolution reconstruction based on total variation regularization. Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO),2010.12: 1194-1199.
[29]杨欣,费树岷,周大可等.基于MAP的自适应图像配准及超分辨率重建[J].仪器仪表学报,2011,32(8)：1771-1775.
[30]强赞霞,彭嘉雄,王洪群等.基于傅里叶变换的遥感图像配准算法[J].红外与激 光工程,2004,33(4)：385-387,413.
[31]马祥,齐春.全局重建和位置块残差补偿的人脸图像超分辨率算法[J].西安交通大学学报,2010,44(4)：9-12.
[32]张子丹.基于MRF高斯混合模型的海浪纹理背景目标区域分割[J].上海海事大学学报,2010,31(1)：7-11.
[33]朱长青,张真,江南等.基于非均匀B样条曲面的DTM内插模型[J].华中科技大学学报(自然科学版),2006,34(4)：45-48.
[34]Lemmens, C.Faul, D.Nuyts, J. Suppression of Metal Artifacts in CT Using a Reconstruction Procedure That Combines MAP and Projection Completion[C].IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2009.2(2):250-260.
[35]李超峰.基于POCS的图像超分辨率重建算法研究[D].昆明理工大学,2010.
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