人字草抗炎物质基础及其总黄酮提取物的研究
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摘要
人字草(Kummerowia striata(Thunb)Schindl.)学名鸡眼草,是豆科(Legumlnosae)鸡眼草属(Kummerowia Schindl.)一年生草本植物。在我国很多地区,民间常用人字草治疗炎症相关疾病,但未见有关其抗炎活性物质和药材质量等方面的研究。基于此,本研究对人字草抗炎物质基础、药材质量进行了较为系统地研究,并对人字草抗炎活性物质的制备工艺及初步药效学进行了探讨,为揭示民间植物药人字草的抗炎作用机理提供了理论与技术基础,为其药材质量标准的制订、药物制剂的研究与临床应用提供了一定的科学依据。
系统检索了国内外有关人字草的生药学、化学成分、药理和临床研究方面的文献,完成了文献综述。
建立了脂多糖(LPS)诱导巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞体外炎症模型,使用不同浓度的人字草乙醇提取物对其进行干预；ELISA法检测药物干预前后上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌量,Griess反应测定NO水平；实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测TNF-α、iNOS和COX-2的mRNA表达；Western blot法检测COX-2和HO-1的蛋白表达水平。结果表明,人字草乙醇提取物具有类似地塞米松的抗炎作用,它可以通过下调TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NO和COX-2等炎症介质的表达,同时促进HO-1的释放而发挥一定的抗炎作用。
采用系统溶剂法将人字草乙醇提取物制备成环已烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水4个溶剂部位,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型观察人字草各部位抗炎作用。研究结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位高低剂量均能明显减轻小鼠耳肿胀,显示良好的抗炎作用。进一步对乙酸乙酯抗炎活性部位进行化学成分研究,从中分离鉴定出9个化合物：p-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅰ)、芹菜素(Apigenin, Ⅱ)、山奈酚(Kaempferol,Ⅲ)、槲皮素(Quercetin,Ⅵ)、异槲皮苷(Isoquercitrin,Ⅶ)、芦丁(Rutin,Ⅷ)、木犀草苷(Luteoloside, Ⅹ)、异牡荆素(Isovitexin,Ⅺ)和异荭草素(Isoorientin,Ⅻ)。其中除芹菜素和槲皮素外,其他7个化合物均为首次从该植物中发现。
以槲皮素和木犀草素为对照品,对人字草药材进行了定性鉴别研究,建立了专属性鉴别方法。以芦丁为对照品,在510nm波长处采用紫外分光光度法测定人字草和同属长萼鸡眼草中总黄酮的含量。采用反相高效液相法对人字草水解产物中的槲皮素和木犀草素的含量进行了测定,色谱柱为ZorbaxSB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸(50：50),检测波长360nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min。此外,还对人字草中的异荭草素含量进行了测定,色谱柱为Welchrom-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸(15：85),检测波长360nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min。结果表明,人字草中总黄酮的含量约3.32%,槲皮素和木犀草素的含量分别为0.233%和0.032%,槲皮素在5.28-26.4μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9995(n=5),木犀草素在4.12-20.6μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9991(n=5)；异荭草素的含量为0.305%,异荭草素在8.08-40.4μg／mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999(n=5)。不同采收时间样品中总黄酮含量比较结果显示,药材比较合适的采收时间是8月至9月上旬,这些为药材的合理采收和质量控制提供了科学依据。
在此基础上,通过正交实验设计和单因素比较,优选了人字草的抗炎有效部位群总黄酮的提取工艺、澄清工艺和纯化工艺——药材用15倍的70%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并两次提取的过滤液；将过滤液浓缩至药材重量与浓缩液体积比为1：6,在60℃水浴条件下,搅拌下加入1.0%的壳聚糖醋酸溶液至含量为0.60%(即100克人字草药材需加入0.60克的壳聚糖),常温静置24小时后滤过；然后采用D-101型非极性大孔吸附树脂,树脂径高比为1：8,上样量为4倍BV的人字草溶液(6.0mg/mL),上样速度2.0mL/min,2倍BV水冲洗后,用4倍BV的80%乙醇进行洗脱,洗脱速度3.0mL/min,洗脱液减压浓缩,干燥,粉碎,即得人字草总黄酮提取物。
参照人字草药材质量研究的方法,对人字草总黄酮提取物进行质量控制研究,测定了其总黄酮、木犀草素的含量,并进行定性鉴别研究,结果所制人字草总黄酮提取物的总黄酮含量在60%左右,木犀草素的含量在2.4%左右。
采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、鸡蛋清致小鼠足趾肿胀两种抗炎模型,对人字草总黄酮的抗炎活性进行了初步的研究。实验结果表明,人字草总黄酮提取物在剂量125～500mg/kg时具有较明显的抗炎作用,其抗炎作用随剂量的增加而增强。证明人字草抗炎活性主要来自其中的黄酮类成分,这为该植物及其总黄酮提取物的进一步开发利用提供了初步药效学资料。
本文对人字草抗炎物质基础及药材质量进行了初步研究,为该药材的深入研究提供了一定的科学依据。
The traditional Chinese medicine Jiyancao, with wide resource in China, also known as Kummerowia striata(Thunb)Schindl. It is a one year old plant of Kummerowia striata of Leguminosae, which have been used as a folk medicine on inflammation-related therapy for a long time. However, the research on anti-inflammatory ingredients and quality standards of the plant is almost empty. In this paper, the anti-inflammatory Material base and quality standard of Renzicao were investigated comprehensively. Meanwhile, the preparation technique and preliminary pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory active fractions of Jiyancao were explored.
Writing the literature review of Renzicao by consulting domestic and international literature, including Pharmacognosy, Chemical composition, pharmacology and Clinical application.
RAW264.7macrophage line in mice was induced by LPS to set up the inflammatory model. ELISA assay was used to measure the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6in the supernatant of MSL treated and untreated macrophages. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2and the protein expression of COX-2, HO-1were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the ethanol extracts from Renzicao had similar effects on inflammation as Dexamethasone, it could inhibit inflammation by down-regulating the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and enhancing the expression of HO-1.
Four solution fractions, such as cyclohexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction, were obtained from ethanol extract of Renzicao, using cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol as solvent. Furthermore, with Aspirin as positive control, the influences of different solution fractions of Renzicao were investigated by the method of mice acute ear swelling model. The experimental results showed that only the ethyl acetate fraction had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. On the base of the anti-inflammation research,10compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction, they were identified to be β-sitosterol, apigenin, kaempferol, genistein, quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, luteoloside, isovitexin and isoorientin. Among these identified compounds, P-sitosterol, kaempferol, genistein, isoquercitrin, rutin, luteoloside, isovitexin and isoorientin are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Luteoloside are chosen as the standard control, Renzicao are identified by TLC without interruption. With rutin as the control, the total flavones in Renzicao are3.32%respectively determined by the method of UV-VIS spectrophotometric at the wavelength of510nm. Meanwhile, RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of quercetin and luteoside in Renzicao hydrolyzate, the chromatographie conditions included Zorbax SB-C18column (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) and the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2%phosphorie acid (50:50), the flow rate was0.1mL/min, the detection wave-length was360nm, the colum temperature was30℃. The linear range of quercitin and luteolin were5.28-26.4μg/mL(r=0.9995, n=5),4.12-20.6μg/mL(r=0.9991, n=5). The isoorientin was also determined by RP-HPLC in Renzicao, the chromatographie conditions included Welchrom-C18column (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) and the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile-0.2%phosphorie acid (15:85), the flow rate was0.1mL/min, the detection wave-length was360nm, the colum temperature was30℃. The linear range of isoorientin was8.08-40.4μg/mL(r=0.9999, n=5). The contents of quercetin and luteoloside in Renzicao hydrolyzate is0.233%and0.032%respectively; the content of isoorientin in Renzicao is about0.305%. Furthermore, the best collecting time for the plant is from August to September by comparing the contents of total flavones. Such results supply a better basis for its harvesting and the quality control.
On the basis, the optimum total flavonoids preparation process of Renzicao was carried out by orthogonal test and single factor compared, practicable extraction technology, Clarification technology and purification technology are selected as follows:the optimization of the extraction technology is:70%ethanol15times capacity of Renzicao, extracted2times,60min per time. And then made the filter solution at the concentration rate of1:6(weight of herb to the volume), added1.0%chitosan acetate acid solution to0.60%(g/100g) at60℃, deposited24h, filtrated. Then the concentrated sample was purified by Macroporous resin D-101, the ratio of cloumn diameter to cloumn height was1:8,4BV of the Renzicao solution (6.0mg/mL), filling rate of2min/mL, flushing with2BV of water, followed by4BV of80%ethanol, the desorption flow rate was3mL/min, then the flushed solution is treated by decompressed-concentration, desiccated, shattered.
Learn from the methods of Renzicao, The quality of Renzicao total flavonoids extraction is examined. The contents of the total flavonoids, luteoloside are measured, and are about60%and2.4%.
To study the the anti-inflammation effects of the total flavonoids from Renzicao. Through two pharmacological models:xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, eggwhite-induced toe swelling in mice. The experimental results showed that when the total flavonoids from Renzicao was125-500mg/kg, it had a significant anti-inflammation effect, showing that the anti-inflammation effect increased with the dose of the total flavonoids. These studies provided a preliminary pharmacodynamic data for the development and application of Renzicao and its total flavonoids.
In general, what we have done in the paper could provide some scientific basis for the further research on Renzicao.
系统检索了国内外有关人字草的生药学、化学成分、药理和临床研究方面的文献,完成了文献综述。
建立了脂多糖(LPS)诱导巨噬细胞系RAW264.7细胞体外炎症模型,使用不同浓度的人字草乙醇提取物对其进行干预；ELISA法检测药物干预前后上清液中TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的分泌量,Griess反应测定NO水平；实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测TNF-α、iNOS和COX-2的mRNA表达；Western blot法检测COX-2和HO-1的蛋白表达水平。结果表明,人字草乙醇提取物具有类似地塞米松的抗炎作用,它可以通过下调TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、NO和COX-2等炎症介质的表达,同时促进HO-1的释放而发挥一定的抗炎作用。
采用系统溶剂法将人字草乙醇提取物制备成环已烷、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇、水4个溶剂部位,采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀模型观察人字草各部位抗炎作用。研究结果表明,乙酸乙酯部位高低剂量均能明显减轻小鼠耳肿胀,显示良好的抗炎作用。进一步对乙酸乙酯抗炎活性部位进行化学成分研究,从中分离鉴定出9个化合物：p-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,Ⅰ)、芹菜素(Apigenin, Ⅱ)、山奈酚(Kaempferol,Ⅲ)、槲皮素(Quercetin,Ⅵ)、异槲皮苷(Isoquercitrin,Ⅶ)、芦丁(Rutin,Ⅷ)、木犀草苷(Luteoloside, Ⅹ)、异牡荆素(Isovitexin,Ⅺ)和异荭草素(Isoorientin,Ⅻ)。其中除芹菜素和槲皮素外,其他7个化合物均为首次从该植物中发现。
以槲皮素和木犀草素为对照品,对人字草药材进行了定性鉴别研究,建立了专属性鉴别方法。以芦丁为对照品,在510nm波长处采用紫外分光光度法测定人字草和同属长萼鸡眼草中总黄酮的含量。采用反相高效液相法对人字草水解产物中的槲皮素和木犀草素的含量进行了测定,色谱柱为ZorbaxSB-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇-0.2%磷酸(50：50),检测波长360nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min。此外,还对人字草中的异荭草素含量进行了测定,色谱柱为Welchrom-C18柱(4.6mm×250mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.2%磷酸(15：85),检测波长360nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0mL/min。结果表明,人字草中总黄酮的含量约3.32%,槲皮素和木犀草素的含量分别为0.233%和0.032%,槲皮素在5.28-26.4μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9995(n=5),木犀草素在4.12-20.6μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9991(n=5)；异荭草素的含量为0.305%,异荭草素在8.08-40.4μg／mL范围内线性关系良好,r=0.9999(n=5)。不同采收时间样品中总黄酮含量比较结果显示,药材比较合适的采收时间是8月至9月上旬,这些为药材的合理采收和质量控制提供了科学依据。
在此基础上,通过正交实验设计和单因素比较,优选了人字草的抗炎有效部位群总黄酮的提取工艺、澄清工艺和纯化工艺——药材用15倍的70%的乙醇回流提取2次,每次1小时,过滤,合并两次提取的过滤液；将过滤液浓缩至药材重量与浓缩液体积比为1：6,在60℃水浴条件下,搅拌下加入1.0%的壳聚糖醋酸溶液至含量为0.60%(即100克人字草药材需加入0.60克的壳聚糖),常温静置24小时后滤过；然后采用D-101型非极性大孔吸附树脂,树脂径高比为1：8,上样量为4倍BV的人字草溶液(6.0mg/mL),上样速度2.0mL/min,2倍BV水冲洗后,用4倍BV的80%乙醇进行洗脱,洗脱速度3.0mL/min,洗脱液减压浓缩,干燥,粉碎,即得人字草总黄酮提取物。
参照人字草药材质量研究的方法,对人字草总黄酮提取物进行质量控制研究,测定了其总黄酮、木犀草素的含量,并进行定性鉴别研究,结果所制人字草总黄酮提取物的总黄酮含量在60%左右,木犀草素的含量在2.4%左右。
采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀、鸡蛋清致小鼠足趾肿胀两种抗炎模型,对人字草总黄酮的抗炎活性进行了初步的研究。实验结果表明,人字草总黄酮提取物在剂量125～500mg/kg时具有较明显的抗炎作用,其抗炎作用随剂量的增加而增强。证明人字草抗炎活性主要来自其中的黄酮类成分,这为该植物及其总黄酮提取物的进一步开发利用提供了初步药效学资料。
本文对人字草抗炎物质基础及药材质量进行了初步研究,为该药材的深入研究提供了一定的科学依据。
The traditional Chinese medicine Jiyancao, with wide resource in China, also known as Kummerowia striata(Thunb)Schindl. It is a one year old plant of Kummerowia striata of Leguminosae, which have been used as a folk medicine on inflammation-related therapy for a long time. However, the research on anti-inflammatory ingredients and quality standards of the plant is almost empty. In this paper, the anti-inflammatory Material base and quality standard of Renzicao were investigated comprehensively. Meanwhile, the preparation technique and preliminary pharmacodynamics of anti-inflammatory active fractions of Jiyancao were explored.
Writing the literature review of Renzicao by consulting domestic and international literature, including Pharmacognosy, Chemical composition, pharmacology and Clinical application.
RAW264.7macrophage line in mice was induced by LPS to set up the inflammatory model. ELISA assay was used to measure the secretion of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6in the supernatant of MSL treated and untreated macrophages. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, iNOS, COX-2and the protein expression of COX-2, HO-1were detected by real-time PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed that the ethanol extracts from Renzicao had similar effects on inflammation as Dexamethasone, it could inhibit inflammation by down-regulating the expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory factors, and enhancing the expression of HO-1.
Four solution fractions, such as cyclohexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, n-butanol fraction and aqueous fraction, were obtained from ethanol extract of Renzicao, using cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol as solvent. Furthermore, with Aspirin as positive control, the influences of different solution fractions of Renzicao were investigated by the method of mice acute ear swelling model. The experimental results showed that only the ethyl acetate fraction had a significant anti-inflammatory effect. On the base of the anti-inflammation research,10compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fraction, they were identified to be β-sitosterol, apigenin, kaempferol, genistein, quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, luteoloside, isovitexin and isoorientin. Among these identified compounds, P-sitosterol, kaempferol, genistein, isoquercitrin, rutin, luteoloside, isovitexin and isoorientin are isolated from this plant for the first time.
Luteoloside are chosen as the standard control, Renzicao are identified by TLC without interruption. With rutin as the control, the total flavones in Renzicao are3.32%respectively determined by the method of UV-VIS spectrophotometric at the wavelength of510nm. Meanwhile, RP-HPLC was used to determine the content of quercetin and luteoside in Renzicao hydrolyzate, the chromatographie conditions included Zorbax SB-C18column (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) and the mobile phase consisting of methanol-0.2%phosphorie acid (50:50), the flow rate was0.1mL/min, the detection wave-length was360nm, the colum temperature was30℃. The linear range of quercitin and luteolin were5.28-26.4μg/mL(r=0.9995, n=5),4.12-20.6μg/mL(r=0.9991, n=5). The isoorientin was also determined by RP-HPLC in Renzicao, the chromatographie conditions included Welchrom-C18column (4.6mm×250mm,5μm) and the mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile-0.2%phosphorie acid (15:85), the flow rate was0.1mL/min, the detection wave-length was360nm, the colum temperature was30℃. The linear range of isoorientin was8.08-40.4μg/mL(r=0.9999, n=5). The contents of quercetin and luteoloside in Renzicao hydrolyzate is0.233%and0.032%respectively; the content of isoorientin in Renzicao is about0.305%. Furthermore, the best collecting time for the plant is from August to September by comparing the contents of total flavones. Such results supply a better basis for its harvesting and the quality control.
On the basis, the optimum total flavonoids preparation process of Renzicao was carried out by orthogonal test and single factor compared, practicable extraction technology, Clarification technology and purification technology are selected as follows:the optimization of the extraction technology is:70%ethanol15times capacity of Renzicao, extracted2times,60min per time. And then made the filter solution at the concentration rate of1:6(weight of herb to the volume), added1.0%chitosan acetate acid solution to0.60%(g/100g) at60℃, deposited24h, filtrated. Then the concentrated sample was purified by Macroporous resin D-101, the ratio of cloumn diameter to cloumn height was1:8,4BV of the Renzicao solution (6.0mg/mL), filling rate of2min/mL, flushing with2BV of water, followed by4BV of80%ethanol, the desorption flow rate was3mL/min, then the flushed solution is treated by decompressed-concentration, desiccated, shattered.
Learn from the methods of Renzicao, The quality of Renzicao total flavonoids extraction is examined. The contents of the total flavonoids, luteoloside are measured, and are about60%and2.4%.
To study the the anti-inflammation effects of the total flavonoids from Renzicao. Through two pharmacological models:xylene-induced ear swelling in mice, eggwhite-induced toe swelling in mice. The experimental results showed that when the total flavonoids from Renzicao was125-500mg/kg, it had a significant anti-inflammation effect, showing that the anti-inflammation effect increased with the dose of the total flavonoids. These studies provided a preliminary pharmacodynamic data for the development and application of Renzicao and its total flavonoids.
In general, what we have done in the paper could provide some scientific basis for the further research on Renzicao.
引文
[1]江苏新医学院,中药大词典(上册)[M],上海：上海人民出版社,1977：1215.
[2]全国中草药汇编编写组.全国中草药汇编[M](上册),北京：人民卫生出版社,1975：432.
[3]侯贵传,徐立.鸡眼草的综合利用[J].中国野生植物,1990,(2)：31-33.
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