流域用水水平评价及计算机实现研究
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摘要
水资源是人类生存和社会发展不可缺少的自然资源。进行流域用水水平评价研究与计算机软件开发,掌握流域用水的实际情况,为改善流域用水结构,提高用水效益和效率提供决策依据,对促进流域水资源的可持续发展,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。
本文在分析了国内外用水水平评价研究的基础上,建立了流域用水水平评价指标体系,通过对多层次模糊综合评价模型和多层次灰色关联综合评价模型的分析比较,应用VC++编程技术,开发出基于多层次灰色关联综合评价模型的评价软件。
论文主要的研究内容如下:
(1)依据构建指标体系的原则,在相关领域专家的指导下,遵照分层递阶的思想,构建了第一层为:流域用水水平;第二层为:用水效益指标、用水定额指标、用水效率指标;第三层为:工业、农业、生活、生态四个方面的用水效益指标、用水定额指标、用水效率指标;第四层为:具体评价指标的四层结构的流域用水水平一般性评价指标体系。并基于该指标体系构建了渭河流域用水水平评价指标体系。
(2)介绍了计算指标权重常用的德尔菲法、模糊聚类分析法和层次分析法。结合流域实际情况,分析比较各方法的特性和应用领域,指出更适合对流域指标系体中的各指标进行权重计算的方法。
(3)介绍模糊理论的相关概念,基于“相对水平”概念构建了流域用水水平评价标准,根据典型隶属函数分布和流域指标特点确定了各用水指标对评价集的隶属函数,建立了流域用水水平的多层次模糊综合评价模型。
(4)介绍灰色系统理论的相关概念,建立了流域用水水平的多层次灰色关联综合评价模型。并从评价理论和评价结果两方面对两种模型的评价效果进行分析,指出其中较优的模型。
(5)基于灰色关联综合评价模型和AHP层次分析法,开发了C/S模式的流域用水水平评价系统。通过用户输入的信息,自动完成对待评价地区用水水平的多层次灰色关联综合评价。并以渭河流域为例,对系统进行功能测试。
Water is the indispensable natural resource for human existence and social development. Processing research and software development of water utilization level evaluation and mastering actual situation of water utilization in basin can meliorate water utilization structure in basin and improve efficiency and benefit of water utilization. They have important theoretical significance and value for the sustainable development of water resource in basin.
Based on the studies of water utilization level evaluation, this thesis establishes an evaluation index system for water utilization level in basin, comparing the model of multilayer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with the model of multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation, developing a water utilization level evaluation software based on multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model by using the VC + + programming technology.
The main researches of this thesis are as followings:
(1)Based on the principles of establishing a general index system, and under the guidance of experts, it complies with the thought of multilayer hierarchical and constructs a four-layer index system. The first layer represents basin water utilization level. The second layer represents water utilization benefit indexes, water utilization quota indexes and water utilization efficiency indexes .The third layer represents water utilization benefit indexes, water utilization quota indexes and water utilization efficiency indexes from the aspects of industry, agriculture, life and ecology. The fourth layer represents concrete indexes. This thesis constructs an evaluation index system for water utilization level in Weihe basin based on the general indexes system.
(2)It introduces the ways of calculating the indexes weight which include Delphi method, fuzzy cluster analysis and AHP. According to the actual situation of basin, this thesis analysis and compares the features and application fields of these methods, figureing out the method which is more suitable for calculating the indexes weights.
(3)It introduces the related concept of fuzzy theory and builds a basin water utilization level evaluating standard based on the concept of relative level. According to the typical distribution of membership functions and characteristics of index in basin, it determines membership functions of each indicator, and establishes a multilayer fuzzy evaluation model of water utilization level in basin.
(4)It introduces related concepts of gray system theory, and establishes the multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model for water utilization level in basin. It also analysis the evaluation effect of two models from the aspects of theory and result, then point out the better one.
(5)It develops an evaluation system for water utilization level in basin based on C/S model by using the grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model and AHP. With the information inputted by user, the system can achieve the water utilization level for selected area. Then, this research takes Weihe basin as an example to test the fuction of this system.
本文在分析了国内外用水水平评价研究的基础上,建立了流域用水水平评价指标体系,通过对多层次模糊综合评价模型和多层次灰色关联综合评价模型的分析比较,应用VC++编程技术,开发出基于多层次灰色关联综合评价模型的评价软件。
论文主要的研究内容如下:
(1)依据构建指标体系的原则,在相关领域专家的指导下,遵照分层递阶的思想,构建了第一层为:流域用水水平;第二层为:用水效益指标、用水定额指标、用水效率指标;第三层为:工业、农业、生活、生态四个方面的用水效益指标、用水定额指标、用水效率指标;第四层为:具体评价指标的四层结构的流域用水水平一般性评价指标体系。并基于该指标体系构建了渭河流域用水水平评价指标体系。
(2)介绍了计算指标权重常用的德尔菲法、模糊聚类分析法和层次分析法。结合流域实际情况,分析比较各方法的特性和应用领域,指出更适合对流域指标系体中的各指标进行权重计算的方法。
(3)介绍模糊理论的相关概念,基于“相对水平”概念构建了流域用水水平评价标准,根据典型隶属函数分布和流域指标特点确定了各用水指标对评价集的隶属函数,建立了流域用水水平的多层次模糊综合评价模型。
(4)介绍灰色系统理论的相关概念,建立了流域用水水平的多层次灰色关联综合评价模型。并从评价理论和评价结果两方面对两种模型的评价效果进行分析,指出其中较优的模型。
(5)基于灰色关联综合评价模型和AHP层次分析法,开发了C/S模式的流域用水水平评价系统。通过用户输入的信息,自动完成对待评价地区用水水平的多层次灰色关联综合评价。并以渭河流域为例,对系统进行功能测试。
Water is the indispensable natural resource for human existence and social development. Processing research and software development of water utilization level evaluation and mastering actual situation of water utilization in basin can meliorate water utilization structure in basin and improve efficiency and benefit of water utilization. They have important theoretical significance and value for the sustainable development of water resource in basin.
Based on the studies of water utilization level evaluation, this thesis establishes an evaluation index system for water utilization level in basin, comparing the model of multilayer fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with the model of multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation, developing a water utilization level evaluation software based on multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model by using the VC + + programming technology.
The main researches of this thesis are as followings:
(1)Based on the principles of establishing a general index system, and under the guidance of experts, it complies with the thought of multilayer hierarchical and constructs a four-layer index system. The first layer represents basin water utilization level. The second layer represents water utilization benefit indexes, water utilization quota indexes and water utilization efficiency indexes .The third layer represents water utilization benefit indexes, water utilization quota indexes and water utilization efficiency indexes from the aspects of industry, agriculture, life and ecology. The fourth layer represents concrete indexes. This thesis constructs an evaluation index system for water utilization level in Weihe basin based on the general indexes system.
(2)It introduces the ways of calculating the indexes weight which include Delphi method, fuzzy cluster analysis and AHP. According to the actual situation of basin, this thesis analysis and compares the features and application fields of these methods, figureing out the method which is more suitable for calculating the indexes weights.
(3)It introduces the related concept of fuzzy theory and builds a basin water utilization level evaluating standard based on the concept of relative level. According to the typical distribution of membership functions and characteristics of index in basin, it determines membership functions of each indicator, and establishes a multilayer fuzzy evaluation model of water utilization level in basin.
(4)It introduces related concepts of gray system theory, and establishes the multilayer grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model for water utilization level in basin. It also analysis the evaluation effect of two models from the aspects of theory and result, then point out the better one.
(5)It develops an evaluation system for water utilization level in basin based on C/S model by using the grey correlation comprehensive evaluation model and AHP. With the information inputted by user, the system can achieve the water utilization level for selected area. Then, this research takes Weihe basin as an example to test the fuction of this system.
引文
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