500千伏同杆双回线路重合闸方案的研究
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摘要
随着电网容量的增加,为了减少出线走廊,500kV及以上电压等级的线路采用同杆并架双回线的情况越来越多,由于线间距离较近,除了单回线故障外,两回线之间也会出现跨线故障。传统的重合闸方式由于不能识别线路瞬时故障与永久故障,重合于永久故障时可能会对系统造成较大的冲击。当线路发生故障,健全相对故障跳开相存在电容耦合电压,瞬时故障时,电容耦合电压较高;永久故障时,线路对地电容放电,电容耦合电压很低。对于两侧系统主要依靠双回线联系时,理想的跳闸方式是在故障时只切除故障相,与常规重合闸不同的是两相故障跳两相而非三相,即将非故障相保留下来继续运行,并进行重合闸。这种跳闸方式可最大限度地保持系统两端在重合闸周期内的联系,并有更多的起动重合的机会。
本文将在比较分析常规重合闸的基础上,论述所提出的500kV同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案的可取之处,并结合线路保护方案和光纤通道问题,对同杆双回线自适应重合闸配置方案做出说明,并分析了重合闸策略:同名相优先重合且可以同时重合;多相故障线路的超前相优先重合;超前相优先重合等。在分析平行双回线跳开线路端电压特征的基础上,得到了识别永久故障与瞬时故障的方法,其中包括无并联电抗器时的端电压判据、有并联电抗器时的端电压判据、相间不接地非永久性故障判据和附加判据,并用仿真实验做了有力的验证。
鉴于永久性故障和瞬时性故障的情况下,电弧电压的变化是存在差异的。在分析了故障电弧特性的基础上,本文即根据故障跳开相两侧的实测的奇次谐波的含量来确定是否熄弧,由此得到了熄弧判据,从而确定合适的合闸时刻,这区别于常用的整定一固定的时间延时来合闸的方法。文中建立了电弧模型,采用ATP-EMTP、PSCAD-EMTDC、MATLAB等软件对不同参数的线路做了仿真,其中包括长线路、短线路、带有并联电抗器和不带并联电抗器等情况。
本文还研究了自适应重合闸的配置逻辑,从整体上分析了自适应重合闸的工作逻辑及其退出时常规重合闸的工作情况。本方案配置合理,便于运行维护;最大限度的维持了故障期间系统的联系,在尽量减少对系统再次冲击的前提下,增加了重合成功的机会。
With the increasing of network capacity, more and more 500kV and above lines adopt double-circuit lines on the same pole, in order to reduce outlet line corridor. Due to the long distance between two lines, line-across faults are easy to happen. Severe impact to the system might be caused by the traditional auto-reclosing because it can hardly distinguish permanent fault or instantaneous fault. The capacity coupling voltage from healthy to the faulty phase is very low for the permanent fault but very high for the instantaneous fault. For the two sides are connected by double-circuit lines, the ideal tripping mode is only to remove faulty phase. Its difference from conventional reclosing is to break two phases but three phases when two phases are in fault. This way can furthest keep the connection between two sides in reclosing cycle.
Based on the analysis of conventional reclosing, this paper bring forward 500kV double-circuit lines on the same pole self adapting reclosing scheme. Double-circuit lines on the same pole self adapting reclosing configuration scheme are explained combining with circuit protection scheme and optical fibre channels problems. This paper presents a method to distinguish permanent fault and instantaneous fault, including terminal voltage criterion without shunt reactor , terminal voltage criterion with shunt reactor, interphase ungrounded non permanent fault criterion and auxiliary criterion. This can realize no severe fault reclosing. Simulation results shows that this method is reliable and effective.
In the condition of permanent fault and instantaneous fault, the arc voltage is different from each other. This paper brings forward arc extinction criterion based on detecting odd harmonic content to ensure closing time. This paper uses ATP-EMTP, PSCAD-EMTDC and MATLAB to do the simulation, including long line, short line, the line with shunt reactor and the line without shunt reactor.
The paper also discusses the adapting reclosing configuration logic. General reclosing working logic is also proposed in this paper. All of this guarantees the system’s safe maximum.
本文将在比较分析常规重合闸的基础上,论述所提出的500kV同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案的可取之处,并结合线路保护方案和光纤通道问题,对同杆双回线自适应重合闸配置方案做出说明,并分析了重合闸策略:同名相优先重合且可以同时重合;多相故障线路的超前相优先重合;超前相优先重合等。在分析平行双回线跳开线路端电压特征的基础上,得到了识别永久故障与瞬时故障的方法,其中包括无并联电抗器时的端电压判据、有并联电抗器时的端电压判据、相间不接地非永久性故障判据和附加判据,并用仿真实验做了有力的验证。
鉴于永久性故障和瞬时性故障的情况下,电弧电压的变化是存在差异的。在分析了故障电弧特性的基础上,本文即根据故障跳开相两侧的实测的奇次谐波的含量来确定是否熄弧,由此得到了熄弧判据,从而确定合适的合闸时刻,这区别于常用的整定一固定的时间延时来合闸的方法。文中建立了电弧模型,采用ATP-EMTP、PSCAD-EMTDC、MATLAB等软件对不同参数的线路做了仿真,其中包括长线路、短线路、带有并联电抗器和不带并联电抗器等情况。
本文还研究了自适应重合闸的配置逻辑,从整体上分析了自适应重合闸的工作逻辑及其退出时常规重合闸的工作情况。本方案配置合理,便于运行维护;最大限度的维持了故障期间系统的联系,在尽量减少对系统再次冲击的前提下,增加了重合成功的机会。
With the increasing of network capacity, more and more 500kV and above lines adopt double-circuit lines on the same pole, in order to reduce outlet line corridor. Due to the long distance between two lines, line-across faults are easy to happen. Severe impact to the system might be caused by the traditional auto-reclosing because it can hardly distinguish permanent fault or instantaneous fault. The capacity coupling voltage from healthy to the faulty phase is very low for the permanent fault but very high for the instantaneous fault. For the two sides are connected by double-circuit lines, the ideal tripping mode is only to remove faulty phase. Its difference from conventional reclosing is to break two phases but three phases when two phases are in fault. This way can furthest keep the connection between two sides in reclosing cycle.
Based on the analysis of conventional reclosing, this paper bring forward 500kV double-circuit lines on the same pole self adapting reclosing scheme. Double-circuit lines on the same pole self adapting reclosing configuration scheme are explained combining with circuit protection scheme and optical fibre channels problems. This paper presents a method to distinguish permanent fault and instantaneous fault, including terminal voltage criterion without shunt reactor , terminal voltage criterion with shunt reactor, interphase ungrounded non permanent fault criterion and auxiliary criterion. This can realize no severe fault reclosing. Simulation results shows that this method is reliable and effective.
In the condition of permanent fault and instantaneous fault, the arc voltage is different from each other. This paper brings forward arc extinction criterion based on detecting odd harmonic content to ensure closing time. This paper uses ATP-EMTP, PSCAD-EMTDC and MATLAB to do the simulation, including long line, short line, the line with shunt reactor and the line without shunt reactor.
The paper also discusses the adapting reclosing configuration logic. General reclosing working logic is also proposed in this paper. All of this guarantees the system’s safe maximum.
引文
[1]朱声石.高压电网继电保护原理与技术(第三版)[M].北京:中国电力出版社.
[2]葛耀中.新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
[3]沈军等. 500kV同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案[J].电力设备, 2006, 7(1):20-23.
[4]郭相国,张保会.自适应自动重合闸现状与发展[J].继电器, 2004, 32(16):77-82.
[5]郁惟镛,房鑫炎,王山虎,胡大良.自适应重合闸的机理及仿真计算[J].上海交通大学学报, 1996, 30(9):63—65.
[6]郑玉平.串补线路继电保护的研究与同杆双回线继电保护与重合闸的研究[D].武汉大学博士学位论文, 2004.
[7]李斌,李永丽,等.带并联电抗器的超高压输电线单相自适应重合闸的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(5):52—56.
[8]朱建红.新型同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案研究[J].电力自动化设备, 2007, 27(4).
[9]俞波,杨奇逊,等.同杆并架双回线保护选相原件研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(4):38—42.
[10] Ranjbar A M,Shirani A R,Fathi A F. A new approach for fault location problem on power lines[M], IEEE Trans. On PD, 1992,7(1):146—151.
[11]陈生贵.电力系统继电保护[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社. 121—131.
[12]许继电气公司. WDLK860系列数字式断路器保护装置技术说明书[Z].
[13]许继电气公司. WXH-803A技术说明书(1.03)[Z].
[14]郑玉平,黄震,张哲,等.同杆并架双回线自适应重合闸的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(22): 58—62.
[15] M.B.Djuric, V.V.Terzija. A new approach to the arcing faults detection for fast autoreclosing in transmission systems[M]. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, Vol.10.No.4, Oct 1995, 1793-1798.
[16]李斌,李永丽,曾治安,梅云.基于电压谐波信号分析的单相自适应重合闸[J].电网技术, 2002, 26(10):53—57.
[17]宋国兵,索南加乐,孙丹丹.输电线路永久性故障判别方法综述[J].电网技术, 2006, 30(18):75—80.
[18] Snag-Pil Ahn, Chul-Hwan Kim, Aggrawal R K, et al. An alternative approach to adaptive single pole auto-reclosing in high voltage transmission systems based on variable dead time conrtol[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2001,16(41):676-686.
[19] Terzija V V, Radojevic Z M. Numeircal algoirthm for adaptive auto reclosure and protection of medium-voltage overhead lines[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2004,19(2):554—559.
[20]范越,施围.输电线路单相自动重合闸中电压判据的修正[J].电力系统自动化, 2000,24(6):44—46.
[21] A.I.Megahed, H.M.Jab, F.M.Abouelenin, M.A.Elbakry. Arc characteristics and a single-pole auto-reclosure scheme for alexandria HV transmission system[C]. International Conference on Power Systems Transients–IPST 2003 in New Orleans, USA.
[22]张斌,钱清泉,何正友.电力系统仿真中的故障模型研究[J].甘肃科技, 2006,22(12):113—115.
[23]龚舰. 500kV同杆双回输电线路潜供电流与恢复电压的研究[J].中国水运, 2007,5(11):56—57.
[24]刘纪英,王富荣,张康.基于特高压电网潜供电流的研究[J].电器开关, 2007,5.
[25] Ashraf.I.Megahed, Hany.M.Jabr, Fathy.M.Abouelenin. Development of an adaptive single-pole auto-reclosure scheme for Alexandria HV transmission system[C]. IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery, 2003,7:309–310.
[26] K.J.Tseng and Y.Wang. Dynamic electric arc model for electronic circuit simulation[J]. Electronics Letters, 1996, 32(8).
[27] Ivan M.Dudurych, etc. Arc effect on single-phase reclosing time of a UHV power transmission line[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004,19(2).
[28]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报. 2005,17(5):64—66.
[29] A.T.Johns, R.K.Aggarwal, Y.H.Song. Improved techniques for modelling fault arcs on faulted EHV transmission systems[J]. IEE Proc.-Gener.Transm.Distrib. 1994,142(2).
[30] Mustafa Kizilcay, Piergiovanni La Seta. Digital Simulation of Fault Arcs in Medium-voltage Distribution Networks[C]. 15th PSCC,Liege,22-26,August 2005, Session 36,Paper 3.
[31] Marti J R,Marti L,Dommel H W. Transmission Line Models for Steady-State and Transients Analysis[J]. Planning Operation and Control of Today’s Electric Power Systems, IEEE/NTUA Athens Power Tech Conference, 1993
[32]葛耀中,肖原.超高压输电线路自适应三相自动重合闸[J].电力自动化设备, 1995,15(2):10—18.
[33]刘浩芳,王增平,徐岩,等.带并联电抗器的超/特高压输电线路单相自适应重合闸故障性质识别判据[J].电网技术, 2006,30(18):29—34.
[34]李斌,李永丽,贺家李. 750kV输电线路保护与单相重合闸动作的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(13):29—34.
[35]王增平,刘浩芳,徐岩,等.基于改进型相关法的单相自适应重合闸新判据[J].中国电机工程学报, 2007,27(10):49—55.
[36]商立群,施围.同杆双回输电线路中熄灭潜供电弧的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2005,29(10):60—63.
[37]南瑞继保公司. RCS-921C型断路器失灵保护及自动重合闸装置技术说明书[Z].
[38]李海伟. 750kV兰州东一平凉一乾县同塔双回线路准三相运行初步探讨[R].西北电力设计院, 2007.
[2]葛耀中.新型继电保护和故障测距的原理与技术(第二版)[M].西安:西安交通大学出版社.
[3]沈军等. 500kV同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案[J].电力设备, 2006, 7(1):20-23.
[4]郭相国,张保会.自适应自动重合闸现状与发展[J].继电器, 2004, 32(16):77-82.
[5]郁惟镛,房鑫炎,王山虎,胡大良.自适应重合闸的机理及仿真计算[J].上海交通大学学报, 1996, 30(9):63—65.
[6]郑玉平.串补线路继电保护的研究与同杆双回线继电保护与重合闸的研究[D].武汉大学博士学位论文, 2004.
[7]李斌,李永丽,等.带并联电抗器的超高压输电线单相自适应重合闸的研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2004, 24(5):52—56.
[8]朱建红.新型同杆双回线自适应重合闸方案研究[J].电力自动化设备, 2007, 27(4).
[9]俞波,杨奇逊,等.同杆并架双回线保护选相原件研究[J].中国电机工程学报, 2003, 23(4):38—42.
[10] Ranjbar A M,Shirani A R,Fathi A F. A new approach for fault location problem on power lines[M], IEEE Trans. On PD, 1992,7(1):146—151.
[11]陈生贵.电力系统继电保护[M].重庆:重庆大学出版社. 121—131.
[12]许继电气公司. WDLK860系列数字式断路器保护装置技术说明书[Z].
[13]许继电气公司. WXH-803A技术说明书(1.03)[Z].
[14]郑玉平,黄震,张哲,等.同杆并架双回线自适应重合闸的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2004, 28(22): 58—62.
[15] M.B.Djuric, V.V.Terzija. A new approach to the arcing faults detection for fast autoreclosing in transmission systems[M]. IEEE Trans On Power Delivery, Vol.10.No.4, Oct 1995, 1793-1798.
[16]李斌,李永丽,曾治安,梅云.基于电压谐波信号分析的单相自适应重合闸[J].电网技术, 2002, 26(10):53—57.
[17]宋国兵,索南加乐,孙丹丹.输电线路永久性故障判别方法综述[J].电网技术, 2006, 30(18):75—80.
[18] Snag-Pil Ahn, Chul-Hwan Kim, Aggrawal R K, et al. An alternative approach to adaptive single pole auto-reclosing in high voltage transmission systems based on variable dead time conrtol[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2001,16(41):676-686.
[19] Terzija V V, Radojevic Z M. Numeircal algoirthm for adaptive auto reclosure and protection of medium-voltage overhead lines[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2004,19(2):554—559.
[20]范越,施围.输电线路单相自动重合闸中电压判据的修正[J].电力系统自动化, 2000,24(6):44—46.
[21] A.I.Megahed, H.M.Jab, F.M.Abouelenin, M.A.Elbakry. Arc characteristics and a single-pole auto-reclosure scheme for alexandria HV transmission system[C]. International Conference on Power Systems Transients–IPST 2003 in New Orleans, USA.
[22]张斌,钱清泉,何正友.电力系统仿真中的故障模型研究[J].甘肃科技, 2006,22(12):113—115.
[23]龚舰. 500kV同杆双回输电线路潜供电流与恢复电压的研究[J].中国水运, 2007,5(11):56—57.
[24]刘纪英,王富荣,张康.基于特高压电网潜供电流的研究[J].电器开关, 2007,5.
[25] Ashraf.I.Megahed, Hany.M.Jabr, Fathy.M.Abouelenin. Development of an adaptive single-pole auto-reclosure scheme for Alexandria HV transmission system[C]. IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery, 2003,7:309–310.
[26] K.J.Tseng and Y.Wang. Dynamic electric arc model for electronic circuit simulation[J]. Electronics Letters, 1996, 32(8).
[27] Ivan M.Dudurych, etc. Arc effect on single-phase reclosing time of a UHV power transmission line[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2004,19(2).
[28]黄绍平,杨青,李靖.基于MATLAB的电弧模型仿真[J].电力系统及其自动化学报. 2005,17(5):64—66.
[29] A.T.Johns, R.K.Aggarwal, Y.H.Song. Improved techniques for modelling fault arcs on faulted EHV transmission systems[J]. IEE Proc.-Gener.Transm.Distrib. 1994,142(2).
[30] Mustafa Kizilcay, Piergiovanni La Seta. Digital Simulation of Fault Arcs in Medium-voltage Distribution Networks[C]. 15th PSCC,Liege,22-26,August 2005, Session 36,Paper 3.
[31] Marti J R,Marti L,Dommel H W. Transmission Line Models for Steady-State and Transients Analysis[J]. Planning Operation and Control of Today’s Electric Power Systems, IEEE/NTUA Athens Power Tech Conference, 1993
[32]葛耀中,肖原.超高压输电线路自适应三相自动重合闸[J].电力自动化设备, 1995,15(2):10—18.
[33]刘浩芳,王增平,徐岩,等.带并联电抗器的超/特高压输电线路单相自适应重合闸故障性质识别判据[J].电网技术, 2006,30(18):29—34.
[34]李斌,李永丽,贺家李. 750kV输电线路保护与单相重合闸动作的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2004,28(13):29—34.
[35]王增平,刘浩芳,徐岩,等.基于改进型相关法的单相自适应重合闸新判据[J].中国电机工程学报, 2007,27(10):49—55.
[36]商立群,施围.同杆双回输电线路中熄灭潜供电弧的研究[J].电力系统自动化, 2005,29(10):60—63.
[37]南瑞继保公司. RCS-921C型断路器失灵保护及自动重合闸装置技术说明书[Z].
[38]李海伟. 750kV兰州东一平凉一乾县同塔双回线路准三相运行初步探讨[R].西北电力设计院, 2007.