跨流域调水工程施工进度优化与控制研究
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摘要
跨流域调水工程施工系统是一个复杂的大系统,众多影响因素给工程施工组织与管理带来了很大的困难,成为工程建设管理的一个重要课题。针对目前我国跨流域调水工程施工进度优化与控制理论研究相对薄弱的现状,本文应用数据库技术、网络技术、人工智能、系统优化等先进技术和方法,开展跨流域调水工程施工进度优化与控制理论方法及应用研究,为工程技术人员、管理人员和决策人员提供科学的理论分析方法和先进的技术手段,推动调水工程施工组织设计与建设管理向着信息化、网络化方向发展。本文主要研究工作及成果如下:
1、系统地分析研究了跨流域调水工程施工布置的特点和复杂性,构建了施工场地布置方案评价指标体系,应用最优传递矩阵对传统的层次分析法进行改进,以指数标度作为元素的比较标准,建立了施工场地布置方案的优选模型,提出了调水工程施工布置方案多层次多目标优化决策方法,从而为跨流域调水工程施工布置方案的综合优化决策提供了一种可行的决策分析方法。
2、针对“工期固定,资源均衡”问题,提出了基于遗传算法的资源均衡优化方法,以施工过程中几种主要施工资源为优化对象,建立了跨流域调水工程施工系统资源均衡优化数学模型,通过调整非关键工序的开始时间,力求使各种施工资源的均方差同时达到最小,进而优化工程施工进度计划。
3、提出了基于横道图的施工进度三维动态可视化分析方法,可以直观地描述调水工程施工过程中复杂的时空逻辑关系,通过施工面貌与进度计划的交互分析,对于发现潜在的施工时空冲突和优化施工进度具有重要作用。
4、提出了网络环境下工程施工合同实施管理与控制方法,以施工合同中的分组工程量为纽带、计量支付管理为核心、工程投资控制为目标,开发了跨流域调水工程施工合同实施管理子系统,对施工合同的实施进行高效和系统地管理,并提供一种能够反映工程进展情况的有效辅助手段。
5、提出了网络环境下工程施工进度优化与控制的理论与方法,应用数据库技术和网络技术研制开发了B/S结构的跨流域调水工程施工进度优化与控制系统。该系统包括施工进度优化子系统、施工进度控制子系统和施工合同实施管理子系统,具有跨流域调水工程施工场地布置信息查询、施工进度三维动态可视化分析、施工过程三维动态演示、施工场地视景漫游、施工进度动态实施控制、施工合同实施管理与控制等多重功能。通过南水北调中线应急供水工程的实际应用,说明该系统对于保证工程建设进度和工程质量、减少工程建设投资具有重要的作用。
As a complex large scale system, Interbasin Water Diversion Project(IWDP) is affected by many factors during construction, which has become a question for discussion in the field of engineering management. Facing with the fact that few theoretical research works has been done in the field of schedule optimization and control about IWDP in our country, several theoretical methods as well as applications are presented in this paper. The paper employs the technique of database, network, artificial intelligence and system optimization. With these advanced techniques, engineers, managers and decision makers can, thus, analyze the construction system in a more theoretical way. And it will also lead to the informatization and networking of construction design and management of IWDPs. The research works of the paper are as follows:
1. The paper systematically analyzed the characteristics and complexity of construction site layout of IWDP, and established an evaluating indicator system about construction site layout scheme. The traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was improved by means of optimal transfer matrix, and the multihierarchy and multiobjective optimization decision method of construction site layout scheme was then proposed utilizing index scale as the standard of comparison. The method had been demonstrated to be feasible for optimization decision-making of construction site layout schemes.
2. The resource leveling model was developed using Genetic Algorithm to solve the limited project duration-resource leveling problem. Taking several main resources as the optimization object, the mean square deviations of each resource can reach minimum simultaneously by changing the staring time of activities in non-critical path. Accordingly, the construction schedule of IWDP was optimized.
3. The three-dimensional visual dynamic analytical approach for construction scheduling was presented, which can describe complicated space-time logical relationship clearly in the construction phase of IWDPs. Through carrying out interactive analysis between construction schedule and construction visage, the approach will play an important role in exposing space-time conflicts and optimizing construction schedule.
4. Centering around measuring payment management, a construction contract management subsystem for IWDP was developed under network environment with grouping amount of works as the link and investment control as the goal. The system can manage the implementation of construction contract in an efficient and systematic way, which will enable engineers to have an acquaintance with the progression of projects.
5. The web-based method for optimization and control of construction scheduling was presented, and a relevant system based on B/S structure for IWDP was also developed using database and network technique. The system is comprised of three subsystems, which are construction scheduling optimization subsystem, construction scheduling control subsystem and construction contract management subsystem. It has many functions, such as query of construction site layout information, three-dimensional dynamic visual analysis of construction scheduling, three-dimensional dynamic demonstration of construction process, virtual roaming over construction site, dynamic control of construction scheduling, and management of construction contract etc. A case study about the emergency water supply works in the midline of South-to-North Water Diversion Project was given in the paper, and the result shows that the system can be a powerful tool to ensure construction progress, improve engineering quality, and reduce investment.
1、系统地分析研究了跨流域调水工程施工布置的特点和复杂性,构建了施工场地布置方案评价指标体系,应用最优传递矩阵对传统的层次分析法进行改进,以指数标度作为元素的比较标准,建立了施工场地布置方案的优选模型,提出了调水工程施工布置方案多层次多目标优化决策方法,从而为跨流域调水工程施工布置方案的综合优化决策提供了一种可行的决策分析方法。
2、针对“工期固定,资源均衡”问题,提出了基于遗传算法的资源均衡优化方法,以施工过程中几种主要施工资源为优化对象,建立了跨流域调水工程施工系统资源均衡优化数学模型,通过调整非关键工序的开始时间,力求使各种施工资源的均方差同时达到最小,进而优化工程施工进度计划。
3、提出了基于横道图的施工进度三维动态可视化分析方法,可以直观地描述调水工程施工过程中复杂的时空逻辑关系,通过施工面貌与进度计划的交互分析,对于发现潜在的施工时空冲突和优化施工进度具有重要作用。
4、提出了网络环境下工程施工合同实施管理与控制方法,以施工合同中的分组工程量为纽带、计量支付管理为核心、工程投资控制为目标,开发了跨流域调水工程施工合同实施管理子系统,对施工合同的实施进行高效和系统地管理,并提供一种能够反映工程进展情况的有效辅助手段。
5、提出了网络环境下工程施工进度优化与控制的理论与方法,应用数据库技术和网络技术研制开发了B/S结构的跨流域调水工程施工进度优化与控制系统。该系统包括施工进度优化子系统、施工进度控制子系统和施工合同实施管理子系统,具有跨流域调水工程施工场地布置信息查询、施工进度三维动态可视化分析、施工过程三维动态演示、施工场地视景漫游、施工进度动态实施控制、施工合同实施管理与控制等多重功能。通过南水北调中线应急供水工程的实际应用,说明该系统对于保证工程建设进度和工程质量、减少工程建设投资具有重要的作用。
As a complex large scale system, Interbasin Water Diversion Project(IWDP) is affected by many factors during construction, which has become a question for discussion in the field of engineering management. Facing with the fact that few theoretical research works has been done in the field of schedule optimization and control about IWDP in our country, several theoretical methods as well as applications are presented in this paper. The paper employs the technique of database, network, artificial intelligence and system optimization. With these advanced techniques, engineers, managers and decision makers can, thus, analyze the construction system in a more theoretical way. And it will also lead to the informatization and networking of construction design and management of IWDPs. The research works of the paper are as follows:
1. The paper systematically analyzed the characteristics and complexity of construction site layout of IWDP, and established an evaluating indicator system about construction site layout scheme. The traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) was improved by means of optimal transfer matrix, and the multihierarchy and multiobjective optimization decision method of construction site layout scheme was then proposed utilizing index scale as the standard of comparison. The method had been demonstrated to be feasible for optimization decision-making of construction site layout schemes.
2. The resource leveling model was developed using Genetic Algorithm to solve the limited project duration-resource leveling problem. Taking several main resources as the optimization object, the mean square deviations of each resource can reach minimum simultaneously by changing the staring time of activities in non-critical path. Accordingly, the construction schedule of IWDP was optimized.
3. The three-dimensional visual dynamic analytical approach for construction scheduling was presented, which can describe complicated space-time logical relationship clearly in the construction phase of IWDPs. Through carrying out interactive analysis between construction schedule and construction visage, the approach will play an important role in exposing space-time conflicts and optimizing construction schedule.
4. Centering around measuring payment management, a construction contract management subsystem for IWDP was developed under network environment with grouping amount of works as the link and investment control as the goal. The system can manage the implementation of construction contract in an efficient and systematic way, which will enable engineers to have an acquaintance with the progression of projects.
5. The web-based method for optimization and control of construction scheduling was presented, and a relevant system based on B/S structure for IWDP was also developed using database and network technique. The system is comprised of three subsystems, which are construction scheduling optimization subsystem, construction scheduling control subsystem and construction contract management subsystem. It has many functions, such as query of construction site layout information, three-dimensional dynamic visual analysis of construction scheduling, three-dimensional dynamic demonstration of construction process, virtual roaming over construction site, dynamic control of construction scheduling, and management of construction contract etc. A case study about the emergency water supply works in the midline of South-to-North Water Diversion Project was given in the paper, and the result shows that the system can be a powerful tool to ensure construction progress, improve engineering quality, and reduce investment.
引文
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