建筑垃圾资源化机制研究
摘要
随着经济的迅速增长,我国将面临巨大的资源约束瓶颈和环境恶化压力。对此,党的十七大报告再次强调要加强能源资源节约和生态环境保护,增强可持续发展能力。并指出,必须把建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会放在工业化、现代化发展战略的突出位置。就此,国务院和科技部分别在国家中长期科学与技术发展规划纲要以及“十一五”科学技术发展规划中多次把城市垃圾减量化及资源化处理以及发展循环经济和构建节约型社会的内容列为优先主题。然而,作为占城市垃圾总量重大比重的建筑垃圾,目前由于种种原因,其绝大部分未经任何资源化处理,便被运往城外进行露天堆放或填埋,占用大量的土地,同时清运和堆放过程中又造成了严重的环境污染。所以,建筑垃圾的资源化处理问题已经成为贯彻落实我国未来发展战略的重大障碍之一,如何促进建筑垃圾资源化处理也成为了我国政府和建筑行业面临的一个重要课题。
在对有关国内外建筑垃圾资源化处理的文献资料进行广泛深入研究的基础上,本文结合我国实际,运用可拓学和统计学的量化方法,对建筑垃圾及其资源化产业化发展了进行了较为系统的分析。主要内容包括:确定了建筑垃圾的定义,组成,分类及特性,建立了可资源化程度评价指标体系,运用物元分析法对建筑垃圾进行分类;对比国内外建筑垃圾处理的实践,探讨目前阻碍我国建筑垃圾资源化处理的问题所在;对建筑垃圾的产量进行研究,运用回归分析方法确定其产量的计算方程和结果,并运用时间序列法对未来产量进行了预测;按照材料和产品的不同,对建筑垃圾的资源化处理方法进行了分析;最后,提出了建筑垃圾资源化产业的运作与发展策略,产业运作机制模型,管理模式,市场化发展进程设计和政策性建议。
本文在建筑垃圾资源化机制研究方面提出了一些新的观点和理论,提供了一系列具有一定操作性的产业运作机制和建议。这些内容为未来该领域的研究提供了一定的参考和理论价值,在一定程度上有利于贯彻落实我国发展循环经济,构建节约型社会等一系列重大发展战略。
Along with the swift increase of economy, our country has to face the tremendous bottleneck of resource constrains and the enormous pressure of environment deteriorations. To this problem, the report on the seventeenth national congress of Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasized again the importance of reinforcing the energy and resource saving and boosting the sustainable developing ability. Additionally, it pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to put the construction of the energy-saving and environment-friendly society to the prominent position in the whole developing strategy of industrialization and modernization. To this point, State Department and Ministry of Science and Technology ranked the content, that the reducing and recycling disposal to city waste, development of recycling economy and configuration of society of saving type, as prior themes, in the Outline of the Program of National Science and Technology Development in Middle-and-long-tem and "Eleventh Five" Developing Program of Science and Technology, respectively. However, construction waste and demolition, which accounts for a huge proportion in the total amount of city waste, mostly, is delivered to the outside of a city to be piled up or buried in open air without any recycling treatment, which engross a mass of tracts and meanwhile, severely pollute the environment in the process of transporting and piling. As a result, the problem of the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition has become one of the grave obstacles to fulfill national developing strategies in the future, and how to promote the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition also has become a crucial task for the government and the construction industry to solve.
On the base of the broad and deep study to the oversea and domestic literature about construction waste and demolition, this paper integrated domestic practice and conducted a systemic analysis on construction waste and demolition as well as its recycling industry utilizing quantitative approaches in extenics and statistics. This content includes: firstly, basic theories, such as the definition, constitution, classification and characteristics of construction waste and demolition, were determined on the perspective of recycling perspective. Further, the indicator system was established according to the degree of recycling potential, and then construction waste and demolition was classified through the analyzing approach of matter-element; secondly, problems blocking the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition in China were revealed, by the contrast and analysis between the domestic experience and the oversea; thirdly, the output of construction waste and demolition was studied. The function of the output of construction waste and demolition was indicated by regression analysis, and future output was forecast by time series approach; fourthly, ways of the recycling treatment to construction waste and demolition were discussed based on the different raw materials and productions; ultimately, the running and developing strategies of the recycling industry of construction waste and demolition were proposed, including the module of the industrial running mechanism, management mode, the design of the evolution of its marketization and political suggestions.
This paper proposed some new perspectives and theories and on the research of construction waste and demolition recycling, and provided a series of practical industry-running mechanism and suggestions. All these content provided some reference and theoretic value for future researches in this field, and to some extent, it benefits to fulfilling a series of national vital developing strategies, such as the development of recycling economy and configuration of the society of saving type.
在对有关国内外建筑垃圾资源化处理的文献资料进行广泛深入研究的基础上,本文结合我国实际,运用可拓学和统计学的量化方法,对建筑垃圾及其资源化产业化发展了进行了较为系统的分析。主要内容包括:确定了建筑垃圾的定义,组成,分类及特性,建立了可资源化程度评价指标体系,运用物元分析法对建筑垃圾进行分类;对比国内外建筑垃圾处理的实践,探讨目前阻碍我国建筑垃圾资源化处理的问题所在;对建筑垃圾的产量进行研究,运用回归分析方法确定其产量的计算方程和结果,并运用时间序列法对未来产量进行了预测;按照材料和产品的不同,对建筑垃圾的资源化处理方法进行了分析;最后,提出了建筑垃圾资源化产业的运作与发展策略,产业运作机制模型,管理模式,市场化发展进程设计和政策性建议。
本文在建筑垃圾资源化机制研究方面提出了一些新的观点和理论,提供了一系列具有一定操作性的产业运作机制和建议。这些内容为未来该领域的研究提供了一定的参考和理论价值,在一定程度上有利于贯彻落实我国发展循环经济,构建节约型社会等一系列重大发展战略。
Along with the swift increase of economy, our country has to face the tremendous bottleneck of resource constrains and the enormous pressure of environment deteriorations. To this problem, the report on the seventeenth national congress of Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasized again the importance of reinforcing the energy and resource saving and boosting the sustainable developing ability. Additionally, it pointed out that it is absolutely necessary to put the construction of the energy-saving and environment-friendly society to the prominent position in the whole developing strategy of industrialization and modernization. To this point, State Department and Ministry of Science and Technology ranked the content, that the reducing and recycling disposal to city waste, development of recycling economy and configuration of society of saving type, as prior themes, in the Outline of the Program of National Science and Technology Development in Middle-and-long-tem and "Eleventh Five" Developing Program of Science and Technology, respectively. However, construction waste and demolition, which accounts for a huge proportion in the total amount of city waste, mostly, is delivered to the outside of a city to be piled up or buried in open air without any recycling treatment, which engross a mass of tracts and meanwhile, severely pollute the environment in the process of transporting and piling. As a result, the problem of the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition has become one of the grave obstacles to fulfill national developing strategies in the future, and how to promote the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition also has become a crucial task for the government and the construction industry to solve.
On the base of the broad and deep study to the oversea and domestic literature about construction waste and demolition, this paper integrated domestic practice and conducted a systemic analysis on construction waste and demolition as well as its recycling industry utilizing quantitative approaches in extenics and statistics. This content includes: firstly, basic theories, such as the definition, constitution, classification and characteristics of construction waste and demolition, were determined on the perspective of recycling perspective. Further, the indicator system was established according to the degree of recycling potential, and then construction waste and demolition was classified through the analyzing approach of matter-element; secondly, problems blocking the recycling disposal of construction waste and demolition in China were revealed, by the contrast and analysis between the domestic experience and the oversea; thirdly, the output of construction waste and demolition was studied. The function of the output of construction waste and demolition was indicated by regression analysis, and future output was forecast by time series approach; fourthly, ways of the recycling treatment to construction waste and demolition were discussed based on the different raw materials and productions; ultimately, the running and developing strategies of the recycling industry of construction waste and demolition were proposed, including the module of the industrial running mechanism, management mode, the design of the evolution of its marketization and political suggestions.
This paper proposed some new perspectives and theories and on the research of construction waste and demolition recycling, and provided a series of practical industry-running mechanism and suggestions. All these content provided some reference and theoretic value for future researches in this field, and to some extent, it benefits to fulfilling a series of national vital developing strategies, such as the development of recycling economy and configuration of the society of saving type.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国务院,国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要.In;中华人民共和国科技部:北京,2006;.
[2]中华人民共和国科技部,国家“十一五”科学技术发展规划.In北京,2006;.
[3]王罗春,赵由才.建筑垃圾处理与资源化[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[4]董纯蕾.专家为每天几万吨建筑垃圾找出路[N].新民晚报,2006-12-12.
[5]上海市统计局.上海统计年鉴2002[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002.
[6]Rafaei M.Gavilan L E B.Source Evaluation of Solid Waste in Building Construction[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1994,Vol.120(No.3,Sep.,1994):536-552.
[7]B.A.G.Bossink H J H B.Construction Waste:Quantification and Source Evaluation[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1996,Vol.122(No.1,Mar.,1996):55-60.
[8]Ming Lu,Chi-Sun Poon L W.Application Framework for Mapping and Simulation of Waste Handling Processes in Construction[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2006,(Nov.2006):1212-1216.
[9]Jing Zhang,Danelle L.Eastham L E B.Waste-Based Management in Residential Construction[J].Journal fo Constructioin Engineering and Management,2005,Vol.131(No.4,Apr.2005):423-430.
[10]Inyang H I.Framework for Recycling of Wastes in Construction[J].Journal of Environment Engineering,2003,Vol.129(No.10,Oct.,2003):887-898.
[11]卢中华.建筑垃圾的资源化与循环利用[J].科技咨讯,2007,(N0.32):.
[12]薛菊.建筑垃圾利用的现状研究[J].中国建材科技,2007,(04):.
[13]刘笑一.建筑垃圾的资源化管理[J].科技咨讯,2007,(No.18):.
[14]陶有生.建筑垃圾的界定、种类及其利用[N].中国建设报,.
[15]Poon C S A T W.On-site sorting of construction and demolition waste in Hong Kong[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2001,(32):157-172.
[16]郝迎利.建筑垃圾资源化在需要与现实间跋涉[N].西安日报,2007-01-22.
[17]李悦,韩向雨,席锦池.基于AHP的轮胎回收利用综合评价[J].交通科技与经济,2007,(2007年第5期(总第43期)):106-108.
[18]唐沛,杨平.中国建筑垃圾处理产业化分析[J].江苏建筑,2007,(2007年第3期(总第113期)):57-60.
[19]闫文周,牛佳,侯渡舟.基于物元分析的生态建筑开发风险评价方法[A].2006西安国际建筑大会[C].西安:2006.
[20]蔡文,等.可拓工程方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[21]牛建宏.让建筑垃圾管理更规范-《城市建筑垃圾管理规定》解析[N].中国建设报,2005-04-25.
[22]徐向辉.“邯砖”经验:政企联手解困建筑垃圾[J].建设科技,2007,(05):78.
[23]徐向辉.遭遇:建筑垃圾资源化--企业从事建筑垃圾无害化处理为何如此之难?[J].建设科技,2007,(05):74-75.
[24]Gale L.建筑垃圾的回收利用[J].建筑机械,2007,(20):46-50.
[25]司久岳,将建筑垃圾变废为宝--访旧金山诺考尔建筑垃圾处理厂.In;新华社:2005;.
[26]李平.综合利用建筑垃圾大力发展循环经济[N].深圳特区报,2008-01-21.
[27]王楠,冯兰蔺.建筑垃圾变身新景观[N].新闻晚报,2006-2-12.
[28]黄峰,姜华哲,张勇.王家墩15万吨废土变“黄金”[N].武汉晚报,2007-11-08.
[29]第二资源在线,珍惜资源 物尽其用.In上海,.
[30]东方科技论坛,“建筑业废弃物资源化循环利用战略”学术研讨会召开.1n上海,2006;.
[31]郑向鹏,赵进.建筑垃圾的循环利用如箭在弦[N].广东建设报,2007-04-03.
[32]朱安璋.武汉建筑垃圾可变身新建材[N].荆楚网-楚天金报,2007-12-02.
[33]CCTV《经济信息联播》,河北邯郸:破砖烂瓦成香饽饽.In;中国中央电视台:北京,2006;.
[34]国家统计局.2007中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.
[35]何晓群,刘文卿.应用回归分析[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[36]徐国祥.管理统计学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,1995.
[37](美)安德森(AndersonDR)等.数据,模型与决策:管理科学篇[M].原书第11版ed.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]国家统计局.2004中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2004.
[39]李猛.浅析建筑垃圾的开发与利用[J].山西建筑,2007,Vol.33(No.27,Sep):.
[40]阎培渝.建筑垃圾资源化关键技术与产业化[J].建设科技,2007,(05):.
[41]李伟雄,唐晓雪,余忠.建筑垃圾的再生循环与回收利用途径的探讨[J].山西建筑,2003,(15):131.
[42]张志红.建筑废弃物再生利用的调查与研究[硕士].山东科技大学,2006.
[43]杨庆国,易志坚等.路用旧水泥混凝土的再生利用[J].中国公路,2002,(18):54-55.
[44]胡维藩,张自学.再生水泥混凝土的研究与开发[J].混凝土与水泥制品,1993,(2):15-18.
[45]李惠强,杜婷.建筑垃圾资源化循环再生骨料混凝土研究[J].华中科技大学学报,2001,(9):83-84.
[46]肖建庄,孙振平,李佳彬,顾志强.废气混凝土破碎及再生工艺研究[J].:.
[47]孙增寿,朱缨,张洁华.建筑废弃混凝土再生利用的分析与研究[J].河南科学,2003,(21):286-489.
[48]朱锡华等.利用建筑垃圾生产轻型砌块[J].墙材革新与建筑节能,2000,(5):41-42.
[49]亚洲开发银行.基础设施市场化运作-中国收费公路[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2003.
[2]中华人民共和国科技部,国家“十一五”科学技术发展规划.In北京,2006;.
[3]王罗春,赵由才.建筑垃圾处理与资源化[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004.
[4]董纯蕾.专家为每天几万吨建筑垃圾找出路[N].新民晚报,2006-12-12.
[5]上海市统计局.上海统计年鉴2002[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2002.
[6]Rafaei M.Gavilan L E B.Source Evaluation of Solid Waste in Building Construction[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1994,Vol.120(No.3,Sep.,1994):536-552.
[7]B.A.G.Bossink H J H B.Construction Waste:Quantification and Source Evaluation[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,1996,Vol.122(No.1,Mar.,1996):55-60.
[8]Ming Lu,Chi-Sun Poon L W.Application Framework for Mapping and Simulation of Waste Handling Processes in Construction[J].Journal of Construction Engineering and Management,2006,(Nov.2006):1212-1216.
[9]Jing Zhang,Danelle L.Eastham L E B.Waste-Based Management in Residential Construction[J].Journal fo Constructioin Engineering and Management,2005,Vol.131(No.4,Apr.2005):423-430.
[10]Inyang H I.Framework for Recycling of Wastes in Construction[J].Journal of Environment Engineering,2003,Vol.129(No.10,Oct.,2003):887-898.
[11]卢中华.建筑垃圾的资源化与循环利用[J].科技咨讯,2007,(N0.32):.
[12]薛菊.建筑垃圾利用的现状研究[J].中国建材科技,2007,(04):.
[13]刘笑一.建筑垃圾的资源化管理[J].科技咨讯,2007,(No.18):.
[14]陶有生.建筑垃圾的界定、种类及其利用[N].中国建设报,.
[15]Poon C S A T W.On-site sorting of construction and demolition waste in Hong Kong[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2001,(32):157-172.
[16]郝迎利.建筑垃圾资源化在需要与现实间跋涉[N].西安日报,2007-01-22.
[17]李悦,韩向雨,席锦池.基于AHP的轮胎回收利用综合评价[J].交通科技与经济,2007,(2007年第5期(总第43期)):106-108.
[18]唐沛,杨平.中国建筑垃圾处理产业化分析[J].江苏建筑,2007,(2007年第3期(总第113期)):57-60.
[19]闫文周,牛佳,侯渡舟.基于物元分析的生态建筑开发风险评价方法[A].2006西安国际建筑大会[C].西安:2006.
[20]蔡文,等.可拓工程方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.
[21]牛建宏.让建筑垃圾管理更规范-《城市建筑垃圾管理规定》解析[N].中国建设报,2005-04-25.
[22]徐向辉.“邯砖”经验:政企联手解困建筑垃圾[J].建设科技,2007,(05):78.
[23]徐向辉.遭遇:建筑垃圾资源化--企业从事建筑垃圾无害化处理为何如此之难?[J].建设科技,2007,(05):74-75.
[24]Gale L.建筑垃圾的回收利用[J].建筑机械,2007,(20):46-50.
[25]司久岳,将建筑垃圾变废为宝--访旧金山诺考尔建筑垃圾处理厂.In;新华社:2005;.
[26]李平.综合利用建筑垃圾大力发展循环经济[N].深圳特区报,2008-01-21.
[27]王楠,冯兰蔺.建筑垃圾变身新景观[N].新闻晚报,2006-2-12.
[28]黄峰,姜华哲,张勇.王家墩15万吨废土变“黄金”[N].武汉晚报,2007-11-08.
[29]第二资源在线,珍惜资源 物尽其用.In上海,.
[30]东方科技论坛,“建筑业废弃物资源化循环利用战略”学术研讨会召开.1n上海,2006;.
[31]郑向鹏,赵进.建筑垃圾的循环利用如箭在弦[N].广东建设报,2007-04-03.
[32]朱安璋.武汉建筑垃圾可变身新建材[N].荆楚网-楚天金报,2007-12-02.
[33]CCTV《经济信息联播》,河北邯郸:破砖烂瓦成香饽饽.In;中国中央电视台:北京,2006;.
[34]国家统计局.2007中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2007.
[35]何晓群,刘文卿.应用回归分析[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2001.
[36]徐国祥.管理统计学[M].上海:上海财经大学出版社,1995.
[37](美)安德森(AndersonDR)等.数据,模型与决策:管理科学篇[M].原书第11版ed.北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]国家统计局.2004中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2004.
[39]李猛.浅析建筑垃圾的开发与利用[J].山西建筑,2007,Vol.33(No.27,Sep):.
[40]阎培渝.建筑垃圾资源化关键技术与产业化[J].建设科技,2007,(05):.
[41]李伟雄,唐晓雪,余忠.建筑垃圾的再生循环与回收利用途径的探讨[J].山西建筑,2003,(15):131.
[42]张志红.建筑废弃物再生利用的调查与研究[硕士].山东科技大学,2006.
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