摘要
传统民居的研究对于我们来讲具有很强的吸引力,它的数量多、分布广、形式丰富,具有独特的地方特色、深厚的民间文化内涵,极为生动。我国传统民居遍及大江南北,其形式多种多样、特色各异。
作为中国传统民居的一部分,湘南民居由于其独特的地理环境有着自己的特色。其使用功能经济合理、造型灵活朴实、紧密结合自然环境,同时在美学、环境地理学、民俗文化、地域文化等方面都有着特殊的研究价值和实际意义。本文经过大量的实地考察和测绘,运用丰富的图片资料及手绘资料,试图从湘南民居与中国传统文化的关系着手,对民居的平面形制、空间处理、细部装饰、生态技术以及民居的保护等方面进行研究。
一方面,通过湘南民居优美的艺术造型和装饰构造的研究,充分理解传统民居技术与艺术之间的互相结合、互相统一;另一方面,随着科学技术不断发展,高新技术及材料的运用使得人们渐渐忽略了自然环境对建筑设计的影响,从而造成的资源浪费及环境污染问题日益严重,而研究湘南民居给我们带来了启示,为我们在如何巧妙地利用和顺应自然方面指出了一个方向;最后,提出了对民居保护的几点建议,试图在民居的保护和开发上寻找一个平衡点。
本文通过对湘南民居的建筑形式的精华及其精神内涵的研究,提出“岭北民居”的新概念,并试图把传统引向创新,从而在思想上发掘出传统民居对于现代建筑设计的影响,创造出根植于当地传统文化的建筑,以自己的方式走向世界。
Research of traditional folk residences has a big appeal to us. They are very dramatic for their large amounts, wide distributions, rich forms, unique local feature and deep connotation of folk culture. Chinese traditional folk residences spread all over the north and south of Yangtse River, and they have all kinds of forms that have distinct styles.
As part of Chinese traditional folk residences, the traditional folk residences of southern Hunan have their own characteristics because of their particular geographic environment. Their functions are economic and reasonable, their sculpt are flexible and unadorned, and they are closely linked with the nature. So research of them has specific values and practical significance in aesthetics, geographic environment, folk culture and regional culture, and so on. After a mass of fieldwork and survey, with abundant photograph information and hand-drawing information, this thesis attempts to start with the relationship between the traditional folk residences of southern Hunan and Chinese traditional culture, then make a study to the planar format, spatial disposal, decoration of small parts, ecological technology and protection of the traditional folk residences.
On the one hand, through the research of the graceful artistic sculpts, decorations and conformations of the folk residences of southern Hunan, the commutative combination and unity can be fully comprehended; on the other hand, with the rapid development of the science and technology, applications of the high & new technologies and material slowly make us to neglect the effect which environment has on the architectural designs, consequently, the problems of resource waste and environment pollution get worse increasingly, while the research to the traditional folk residences of southern Hunan brings us illuminations, and points out a way of how to use and conform environments smartly; finally, several suggestions on the protection of the folk residences were given in this thesis, which tries to find a poising point between the protection and development to the folk
residences.
It is hoped that through the research of the soul of the architectural forms and the spiritual connotation of the traditional folk residences of southern Hunan, traditions could be directed to creations, and the influence on modern architectural designs by the traditional folk residences could be disinterred in our minds, then the new architecture rooted in local traditional cultures could be created and march forward to the world level in its own way.
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