建筑外墙与外保温层联接的试验研究
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摘要
外墙外保温作为建筑节能的主要手段之一,近年来在我国得到了广泛的推广应用,为能源节约做出了重要贡献。目前,我国外墙外保温体系已从单一的新建住宅向公共建筑及既有建筑节能改造等各类建筑推进,建筑节能标准逐步从50%提高到65%,这对外墙外保温技术提出了新的挑战。在这种情况下,本文承担了山东省教育厅科技计划项目“建筑外墙与外保温联接的关键技术研究(项目编号:J05F02)”的部分研究内容,对粘贴及齿槽聚苯板外保温体系、外保温体系与基层墙体联接中锚栓的作用、外保温体系粘贴面砖的问题、以及外保温与基层墙体联接的耐久性等问题进行了试验研究及理论分析。
本文首先通过对粘贴及齿槽聚苯板外保温体系粘结强度的试验研究得出:可统一采用40mm×40mm的试块进行胶粘剂的拉伸粘结强度试验,以解决目前相关规范及标准对试块尺寸要求不尽一致的情况;浸水及冻融循环对胶粘剂与聚苯板粘结强度的影响与恢复时间有关,恢复时间越长其影响越小;在齿宽一定的情况下,齿槽聚苯板与混凝土的粘结强度由齿槽倾角与聚苯板密度两者共同决定。
其次,本文对外保温体系联接中锚栓的作用进行了试验研究分析,指出对于采用锚栓固定的外保温体系,除可能产生的锚栓从基层墙体的拔出破坏外,还可能产生聚苯板沿锚盘周圈的开裂破坏,实际工程中对二者均应加以注意;对于抗拔力要求较高的外保温体系,宜将锚栓固定在网格布外侧,以提高聚苯板承受锚盘局部压力的能力。另外,还对粘贴与锚固的联合固定进行了受力分析。
对于外保温体系粘贴面砖的问题,首先通过对粘贴面砖所受外力进行分析,指出温湿剪切应力是影响面砖安全性的重要原因之一;其次,指出面砖的透气性、冻融、面砖的粘结时间及粘贴面积、粘结砂浆的刚度等,均对面砖的耐久性有着重要影响,进而指出要提高粘贴面砖的耐久性,需从材料自身及施工等各方面综合考虑。
最后,对外保温与基层墙体联接的耐久性进行了分析,指出其影响因素主要有材料自身的耐久性及联接件的耐久性等;另外对外保温层面层开裂的问题进行了分析;最后指出外保温是一整体的、系统的体系,对其耐久性的提高要从整体上进行考虑。
Exterior wall insulation system, as a major means of power-saving technology, is used more and more in our country in recent years, and did a very important contribution to our power-saving cause. Now, in our country, the exterior wall insulation has been transmitted from the simplex use in the new constructed dwelling house to the commonality architecture and the reconstruction of the old house etc., at the same time, the structure power-saving standard has been enhanced from 50% to 65%, all of these bring forward a new challenge to the technology. At this condition, this paper takes on the item of the research on the key technique about the connection between the substrate wall and the exterior wall insulation system (Item number: J05F02), which is sustained by Shandong province education hall. In this paper, adhesive and alveolus expanded polystyrene board exterior wall insulation system、the effect of anchor in the connection between the wall and the exterior insulation system、the issue of brick which is attached to the exterior insulation system、and the durability of the connection between exterior insulation system and the wall etc. are experimentally studied.
With the experimental study on the adhesive and alveolus expanded polystyrene board exterior wall insulation system, some conclusions are researched: in the experiment of bond strength, the size of the samples can adopt 40mmx40mm, which can solve the status of inaccordant of the two criterions; The affect on the bonding strength between the expanded polystyrene board and the adhesive after the immersed and freeze-thaw cycle has matters with the recover time, the time is longer the influence is smaller; when the rabbet width is invariable, the adhesive strength is decided by both rabbet obliquity and density.
Secondly, the effect of the anchor in the connection of the exterior wall insulation system and the subtrate wall is experimentally studied, some conclusions are reached: in the exterior insulation system fixed by anchor, except for the pull out destroy of the anchor from the substrate wall, it can also happen at the circle of the anchor tray in the expanded polystyrene board, which must be given enough attention; to the exterior insulation system which is bear biggish stress, in order to increase the endure ability to the local stress of the expanded polystyrene board, the anchor should be mounted to the outside of the gridding fabric. Besides, the strength status of the fixation through both adhesive and anchor is analyzed.
To the issue of brick attached to the exterior insulation system, firstly, the outside force attached to the brick is analyzed, point out that the warm-damp shear is one of the most important factors which has influence on the security of affix brick. Secondly, the durability of the affixed brick has relation with the breathe ability of the brick, freeze-thaw, the adhesive time and adhesive area, the stiffness of the adhesive mortar etc. As a result, it is pointed out that in order to increase the durability of the adhesive brick, factors in material and construction must be considered together.
In the end, the durability of the connection between the exterior insulation system and the wall is studied, and some main factors are pointed out, such as the durability of material and the linkage itself. Besides, the problem of craze on the lay of the exterior insulation system is discussed. At last, it is pointed that the exterior insulation system is a systemic system, it must be considered as a whole in order to improve its durability.
本文首先通过对粘贴及齿槽聚苯板外保温体系粘结强度的试验研究得出:可统一采用40mm×40mm的试块进行胶粘剂的拉伸粘结强度试验,以解决目前相关规范及标准对试块尺寸要求不尽一致的情况;浸水及冻融循环对胶粘剂与聚苯板粘结强度的影响与恢复时间有关,恢复时间越长其影响越小;在齿宽一定的情况下,齿槽聚苯板与混凝土的粘结强度由齿槽倾角与聚苯板密度两者共同决定。
其次,本文对外保温体系联接中锚栓的作用进行了试验研究分析,指出对于采用锚栓固定的外保温体系,除可能产生的锚栓从基层墙体的拔出破坏外,还可能产生聚苯板沿锚盘周圈的开裂破坏,实际工程中对二者均应加以注意;对于抗拔力要求较高的外保温体系,宜将锚栓固定在网格布外侧,以提高聚苯板承受锚盘局部压力的能力。另外,还对粘贴与锚固的联合固定进行了受力分析。
对于外保温体系粘贴面砖的问题,首先通过对粘贴面砖所受外力进行分析,指出温湿剪切应力是影响面砖安全性的重要原因之一;其次,指出面砖的透气性、冻融、面砖的粘结时间及粘贴面积、粘结砂浆的刚度等,均对面砖的耐久性有着重要影响,进而指出要提高粘贴面砖的耐久性,需从材料自身及施工等各方面综合考虑。
最后,对外保温与基层墙体联接的耐久性进行了分析,指出其影响因素主要有材料自身的耐久性及联接件的耐久性等;另外对外保温层面层开裂的问题进行了分析;最后指出外保温是一整体的、系统的体系,对其耐久性的提高要从整体上进行考虑。
Exterior wall insulation system, as a major means of power-saving technology, is used more and more in our country in recent years, and did a very important contribution to our power-saving cause. Now, in our country, the exterior wall insulation has been transmitted from the simplex use in the new constructed dwelling house to the commonality architecture and the reconstruction of the old house etc., at the same time, the structure power-saving standard has been enhanced from 50% to 65%, all of these bring forward a new challenge to the technology. At this condition, this paper takes on the item of the research on the key technique about the connection between the substrate wall and the exterior wall insulation system (Item number: J05F02), which is sustained by Shandong province education hall. In this paper, adhesive and alveolus expanded polystyrene board exterior wall insulation system、the effect of anchor in the connection between the wall and the exterior insulation system、the issue of brick which is attached to the exterior insulation system、and the durability of the connection between exterior insulation system and the wall etc. are experimentally studied.
With the experimental study on the adhesive and alveolus expanded polystyrene board exterior wall insulation system, some conclusions are researched: in the experiment of bond strength, the size of the samples can adopt 40mmx40mm, which can solve the status of inaccordant of the two criterions; The affect on the bonding strength between the expanded polystyrene board and the adhesive after the immersed and freeze-thaw cycle has matters with the recover time, the time is longer the influence is smaller; when the rabbet width is invariable, the adhesive strength is decided by both rabbet obliquity and density.
Secondly, the effect of the anchor in the connection of the exterior wall insulation system and the subtrate wall is experimentally studied, some conclusions are reached: in the exterior insulation system fixed by anchor, except for the pull out destroy of the anchor from the substrate wall, it can also happen at the circle of the anchor tray in the expanded polystyrene board, which must be given enough attention; to the exterior insulation system which is bear biggish stress, in order to increase the endure ability to the local stress of the expanded polystyrene board, the anchor should be mounted to the outside of the gridding fabric. Besides, the strength status of the fixation through both adhesive and anchor is analyzed.
To the issue of brick attached to the exterior insulation system, firstly, the outside force attached to the brick is analyzed, point out that the warm-damp shear is one of the most important factors which has influence on the security of affix brick. Secondly, the durability of the affixed brick has relation with the breathe ability of the brick, freeze-thaw, the adhesive time and adhesive area, the stiffness of the adhesive mortar etc. As a result, it is pointed out that in order to increase the durability of the adhesive brick, factors in material and construction must be considered together.
In the end, the durability of the connection between the exterior insulation system and the wall is studied, and some main factors are pointed out, such as the durability of material and the linkage itself. Besides, the problem of craze on the lay of the exterior insulation system is discussed. At last, it is pointed that the exterior insulation system is a systemic system, it must be considered as a whole in order to improve its durability.
引文
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2韩喜林.新型建筑绝热保温材料应用·设计·施工.北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005
3涂逢祥,王庆一.我国建筑节能现状及发展.新型建筑材料,2004,(7):40-42
4张林峰,李志国.我国建筑节能的发展.建筑技术,2005,36(10):728-730
5建设部标准定额研究所.建筑外墙外保温技术导则.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
6吕佳丽.当前国内墙体保温体系浅析.建材工业信息,2004,(12):32-33
7涂逢祥,李晓明.外墙外保温技术.建筑知识,2000,(1):37-38
8黄振利.外墙外保温技术问答连载一.墙材革新与建筑节能,2003,(1):48-52
9李振霞.国内外建筑节能的比较研究.[硕士学位论文].天津大学,2000
10张林峰.外保温外墙保温层的粘结分析.[硕士学位论文].天津大学,2004
11中国建筑业协会建筑节能专业委员会,建设部建筑节能中心.外墙外保温技术.北京:中国计划出版社,1999
12中华人民共和国行业标准:外墙外保温工程技术规程(JGJl44-2004).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005
13Erich Cziesielski Frank Ulrich Vogdt著,汪峻峰译.外墙外保温系统中的质量问题及对策.北京:机械工业出版社,2006
14王美君.当前外保温技术发展中存在的问题及展望.保温材料与建筑节能,2002,(3):30-31
15中华人民共和国建筑工业行业标准:膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统(JG149-2003).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2003
16中华人民共和国国家知识产权局发明专利公报,第22卷第47号:335
17国家建筑标准设计图集:外墙外保温建筑构造(一)(02J121-1).北京:中国建筑标准设计研究所,2002
18山东省标准设计办公室.山东省建筑标准设计图集:围护结构保温构造详图(L04SJ113).北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004
19赵如义.外保温系统锚栓加固与系统安全性.中国建设报,2007年7月13日
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