基于开源GIS实现开采沉陷数据的可视化
摘要
地下煤炭资源的开采,使得矿区的生态环境、建筑物和构筑物之间的平衡遭到破坏。合理并充分利用开采沉陷数据,可有效地为未来的开采沉陷防治提供技术依据。
通过对大量相关技术资料的分析,决定把开源GIS引入开采沉陷数据的可视化程序开发中,这样可大幅度减少煤矿企业在软件方而的费用投入。而对于开源GIS项目的选择,主要依据GIS的基本功能、扩展开发能力(如格式支持、编辑能力、查询、分析、可视化等),以及开发使用环境、组件及版权许可等方面进行分析比较,最终选择SharpMap和NTS共同开发,可充分发挥GIS对空间信息管理方面的优势,大幅度提高煤矿开采沉陷损害评价的效率。
本文利用C#语言,并结合SharpMap与NTS,实现了煤矿地表移动与变形等值线(下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平移动、水平变形)的绘制和地表移动变形曲线的显示,并且为了更周全地考虑水平变形给地表建筑物带来的影响,引入了综合水平变形等值线。同时还实现了通过图形数据来查询属性数据的功能。此外,也实现了GIS基本空间分析功能,能自动对采空区上方建筑物进行破坏等级划分,判别建筑物是否受到地下开采的影响以及受开采影响的程度,并将受影响的建筑物生成了属性统计表,打破以往遇到此类问题都只是简单的读取事先录入在数据库中的数据,而不是基于对现有沉陷数据的分析。
本文通过GIS技术,利用某煤矿开采沉陷数据,对地面民房造成的损害及影响程度可作出了及时、准确、客观、公正的评价。本文的研究成果为地方政府、煤矿企业、村民委员等单位在协调处理民房裂缝损害等矿村纠纷决策时提供科学依据方面具有一定的意义。
With underground coal resources mined, the balance between ecological environment of the mining area, buildings and structures was damaged. If mining-subsidence data can be used reasonably and fully, it will provide technic gist for prevention and cure of mining subsidence in future.
After analyzing a lot of mutuality technic data, Open GIS is decided to be introduced to the visualization program of mining-subsidence data. It can reduce expense of program which used by the coal-mine company largely. Open GIS item is chosed according to the basic function, expand function, IDE and licences. Finally SharpMap and NTS are chosed, beacase it can fully exert the advantage of GIS on spatial information management and largely impove efficiency of damage estimate in mining-subsidence.
A C#-based method is introduced to produce isoline maps for coal mining induced surface movement and deformation such as subsidence, incline, curvature, horizontal movement, and horizontal deformation. Then the profile line between any two points in an affected area can be derived, and mining subsidence data can be visually presented. Considering damage effect of building in level deformation, the comprehendsive level deformation is introduced. The program also can inquiry attribute data through graphic data. Furthermore, basic spatial analyse is realized, too. Based on the damage gradation criteria for the buildings above a mining area set by the State Bureau of Coal Industry, impacts of underground coal mining on buildings and their degree can be evaluated, and also attribute statistics table can be shown.
The paper using GIS and mining-subsidence data, can evaluate the impacts of underground coal mining on buildings and their degree in time, truly, impersonally and equitably. The result of this research can provide scientific gist for government and coal-mine companies to deal with dissension in village beacase of buildings'damage.
通过对大量相关技术资料的分析,决定把开源GIS引入开采沉陷数据的可视化程序开发中,这样可大幅度减少煤矿企业在软件方而的费用投入。而对于开源GIS项目的选择,主要依据GIS的基本功能、扩展开发能力(如格式支持、编辑能力、查询、分析、可视化等),以及开发使用环境、组件及版权许可等方面进行分析比较,最终选择SharpMap和NTS共同开发,可充分发挥GIS对空间信息管理方面的优势,大幅度提高煤矿开采沉陷损害评价的效率。
本文利用C#语言,并结合SharpMap与NTS,实现了煤矿地表移动与变形等值线(下沉、倾斜、曲率、水平移动、水平变形)的绘制和地表移动变形曲线的显示,并且为了更周全地考虑水平变形给地表建筑物带来的影响,引入了综合水平变形等值线。同时还实现了通过图形数据来查询属性数据的功能。此外,也实现了GIS基本空间分析功能,能自动对采空区上方建筑物进行破坏等级划分,判别建筑物是否受到地下开采的影响以及受开采影响的程度,并将受影响的建筑物生成了属性统计表,打破以往遇到此类问题都只是简单的读取事先录入在数据库中的数据,而不是基于对现有沉陷数据的分析。
本文通过GIS技术,利用某煤矿开采沉陷数据,对地面民房造成的损害及影响程度可作出了及时、准确、客观、公正的评价。本文的研究成果为地方政府、煤矿企业、村民委员等单位在协调处理民房裂缝损害等矿村纠纷决策时提供科学依据方面具有一定的意义。
With underground coal resources mined, the balance between ecological environment of the mining area, buildings and structures was damaged. If mining-subsidence data can be used reasonably and fully, it will provide technic gist for prevention and cure of mining subsidence in future.
After analyzing a lot of mutuality technic data, Open GIS is decided to be introduced to the visualization program of mining-subsidence data. It can reduce expense of program which used by the coal-mine company largely. Open GIS item is chosed according to the basic function, expand function, IDE and licences. Finally SharpMap and NTS are chosed, beacase it can fully exert the advantage of GIS on spatial information management and largely impove efficiency of damage estimate in mining-subsidence.
A C#-based method is introduced to produce isoline maps for coal mining induced surface movement and deformation such as subsidence, incline, curvature, horizontal movement, and horizontal deformation. Then the profile line between any two points in an affected area can be derived, and mining subsidence data can be visually presented. Considering damage effect of building in level deformation, the comprehendsive level deformation is introduced. The program also can inquiry attribute data through graphic data. Furthermore, basic spatial analyse is realized, too. Based on the damage gradation criteria for the buildings above a mining area set by the State Bureau of Coal Industry, impacts of underground coal mining on buildings and their degree can be evaluated, and also attribute statistics table can be shown.
The paper using GIS and mining-subsidence data, can evaluate the impacts of underground coal mining on buildings and their degree in time, truly, impersonally and equitably. The result of this research can provide scientific gist for government and coal-mine companies to deal with dissension in village beacase of buildings'damage.
引文
[1]邹友峰等.矿山开采沉陷工程[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,2003
[2]何国清等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[3]邓喀中等.皖北矿区地表移动观测资料综合分析与研究报告[M].安徽：皖北煤电集团公司
[4]许峰.基于GIS的开采沉陷计算与数据可视化[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2005.05：6-7
[5]高明中,余忠林.煤矿开采沉陷预测的数值模拟[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003.03
[6]栾元重,范玉红.矿山地表移动与变形的分形分析[J].有色金属,2004.56(2)100-103
[7]栾元重等.地表移动的时间序列预测[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(4)19-20
[8]何国清等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[9]煤炭工业部生产司等.煤矿测量手册(下册)[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
[10]郭达志,盛业华等.地理信息基础与应用[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1997
[11]潘拥军.煤矿开采沉陷损害评价方法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2004.11：2-3
[12]郭达志,郝庆旺.开采沉陷预计与分析的空间模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995(9)：57-61
[13]王卷乐,吴侃.空间数据可视化在开采沉陷防治中的应用[J].江苏测绘,2001(1)：8-10
[14]刘春等.基于开源GIS的交通分析软件设计[J].软件导刊,2009,8(1)：167-168
[15]胡庆武等.开源GIS进展及其典型应用研究[J].地理信息世界,2009.02(1)：50
[16]谢飞鸿.开采沉陷地表变形可视化计算分析系统[J].矿业快报,2004(3)：47-48
[17]林丽娜.油田等值线图形绘制方法与应用[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2005.04：16-19
[18]王轶宏.等值线的自动绘制方法及在计算机上的实现[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2006.04：30-31
[19]国家煤炭工业部.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000：10-12
[20]GB17798-200XCDSDTF,地球空间数据交换格式
[21]Paul A. Longley等.地理信息系统上卷[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[22]Paul A. Longley等.地理信息系统下卷[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[23]Karli Watson, Chiristian Nagel. C#入门经典[M].清华大学出版社,2006
[24]Christian Nagel等.C#高级编程[M].清华大学出版社,2006
[25]陈建春Visual C++开发GIS系统(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[26]王列平.等高线图的自动生成[J].西部探矿工程,2006(7)：292-293
[27]王列平.地表下沉系数严重偏小的原因分析[J].矿山测量,1998(1)：28-31
[28]杨世清.基于GIS的土地类型系列数字成果图的制图综合[J].矿山测量,2005(3)：1-3
[29]姚炜等.开采沉陷数据的可视化研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009.9,29(3)：11-15
[30]王列平,张灵君.煤炭资源的监督与管理[J].工业技术经济,1996,15(3)：46-48
[31]王列平,余学祥.两种等价权函数的抗差效果分析[J].工程勘察,1998(2)：47-51
[32]王芳.急倾斜煤层条带开采地表移动与变形规律研究[D].安徽理工大学硕士论文,2006.06
[33]朱建军.村庄下开采计算机模拟及采煤方法可行性研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士论文,2001.01
[34]韩李涛.矿区地表变形预计与可视化研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2003.05
[35]娄宁.开采沉陷区环境影响及其预计评价系统[D].西安科技大学硕士论文,2004.04
[36]王轶宏.等值线的自动绘制方法及在计算机上的实现[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2006.04
[37]杨晓琴.等高线生成算法的研究[D].太原理工大学硕士论文,2004.04
[38]刘毅.地而沉降研究的新进展与面临的新问题[J].地学前缘,2001.04,8(2)：273-278
[39]韩李涛等.基于GIS实现开采沉陷数据的可视化[J].矿山测量,2003.03,1：31-33
[40]SharpMap官方网站http://sharpmap.codeplex.com/,2010-3-3
[41]NTS官方文档http://nts.sourceforge.net/docs/v1.2/,2010-3-29
[42]Hoek,E.(1990) "Estimating Mohr-Coulomb Friction and Cohesion Values from the Hoek-BrownFailure Criterion," Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.& Geomech. Abstr.27(3),227-229
[43]Vardoulakis,I.(1980) "Shear Bahd Inclination and Shear Modulus of Sand in Biaxial Tests," Int.J.Numer.Anal.Meth.in Geomech4,103-119
[44]Wang Wei,Xie Rong-rong.Quadratic extended Kalman filter approach for GPS/INS integration[J].Aerospace Science & Technology,2006,10(8):709-713
[45]Ra,Pei-zhang;Xiong.Yong-ging.An orbit determination algorithm by means of the satellite-borne GPS data and Kalman filter[J].Chinese Astronomy & Astrophysics,2006,30(2): 203-214
[46]Ambrozic,Tomaz.Prediction of subsidence due to underground mining by artificial neural networks[J].Computers & Geosciences,2003,29(5):627
[47]A.A.Baryakh,E.A.Telegina. Prediction of the intensive surface subsidence in mining potash series [J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41 (4):312-319
[48]Asadi,K.Shakhriar,and K.Goshtasbi.Profiling function for surface subsidence prediction in mining inclined coal seams[J]. Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(2):142-146
[49]Rai,Rajesh.Prediction of maximum safe charge per delay in surface mining[J].Mining Technology,2005,114(4):227-231
[50]Lade PV. Elasto-plastic stress-strain theory for cohesionless soil with curved yield surface[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,1977,(13):1019-1035
[51]A.N. Papanicolaou, Panayiotis Diplas. Numerical solution of a non-linear model fo r self-weight solids settlement[J].Applied mathematical modeling,1999, (23):345-362
[52]Peng. S. Models Predict Subsidence Influece, Coal Age,1997
[2]何国清等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[3]邓喀中等.皖北矿区地表移动观测资料综合分析与研究报告[M].安徽：皖北煤电集团公司
[4]许峰.基于GIS的开采沉陷计算与数据可视化[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2005.05：6-7
[5]高明中,余忠林.煤矿开采沉陷预测的数值模拟[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003.03
[6]栾元重,范玉红.矿山地表移动与变形的分形分析[J].有色金属,2004.56(2)100-103
[7]栾元重等.地表移动的时间序列预测[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2002,54(4)19-20
[8]何国清等.矿山开采沉陷学[M].徐州：中国矿业大学出版社,1991
[9]煤炭工业部生产司等.煤矿测量手册(下册)[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2001
[10]郭达志,盛业华等.地理信息基础与应用[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1997
[11]潘拥军.煤矿开采沉陷损害评价方法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2004.11：2-3
[12]郭达志,郝庆旺.开采沉陷预计与分析的空间模拟[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995(9)：57-61
[13]王卷乐,吴侃.空间数据可视化在开采沉陷防治中的应用[J].江苏测绘,2001(1)：8-10
[14]刘春等.基于开源GIS的交通分析软件设计[J].软件导刊,2009,8(1)：167-168
[15]胡庆武等.开源GIS进展及其典型应用研究[J].地理信息世界,2009.02(1)：50
[16]谢飞鸿.开采沉陷地表变形可视化计算分析系统[J].矿业快报,2004(3)：47-48
[17]林丽娜.油田等值线图形绘制方法与应用[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2005.04：16-19
[18]王轶宏.等值线的自动绘制方法及在计算机上的实现[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2006.04：30-31
[19]国家煤炭工业部.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000：10-12
[20]GB17798-200XCDSDTF,地球空间数据交换格式
[21]Paul A. Longley等.地理信息系统上卷[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[22]Paul A. Longley等.地理信息系统下卷[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[23]Karli Watson, Chiristian Nagel. C#入门经典[M].清华大学出版社,2006
[24]Christian Nagel等.C#高级编程[M].清华大学出版社,2006
[25]陈建春Visual C++开发GIS系统(第二版)[M].电子工业出版社,2004
[26]王列平.等高线图的自动生成[J].西部探矿工程,2006(7)：292-293
[27]王列平.地表下沉系数严重偏小的原因分析[J].矿山测量,1998(1)：28-31
[28]杨世清.基于GIS的土地类型系列数字成果图的制图综合[J].矿山测量,2005(3)：1-3
[29]姚炜等.开采沉陷数据的可视化研究[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009.9,29(3)：11-15
[30]王列平,张灵君.煤炭资源的监督与管理[J].工业技术经济,1996,15(3)：46-48
[31]王列平,余学祥.两种等价权函数的抗差效果分析[J].工程勘察,1998(2)：47-51
[32]王芳.急倾斜煤层条带开采地表移动与变形规律研究[D].安徽理工大学硕士论文,2006.06
[33]朱建军.村庄下开采计算机模拟及采煤方法可行性研究[D].辽宁工程技术大学硕士论文,2001.01
[34]韩李涛.矿区地表变形预计与可视化研究[D].山东科技大学硕士论文,2003.05
[35]娄宁.开采沉陷区环境影响及其预计评价系统[D].西安科技大学硕士论文,2004.04
[36]王轶宏.等值线的自动绘制方法及在计算机上的实现[D].吉林大学硕士论文,2006.04
[37]杨晓琴.等高线生成算法的研究[D].太原理工大学硕士论文,2004.04
[38]刘毅.地而沉降研究的新进展与面临的新问题[J].地学前缘,2001.04,8(2)：273-278
[39]韩李涛等.基于GIS实现开采沉陷数据的可视化[J].矿山测量,2003.03,1：31-33
[40]SharpMap官方网站http://sharpmap.codeplex.com/,2010-3-3
[41]NTS官方文档http://nts.sourceforge.net/docs/v1.2/,2010-3-29
[42]Hoek,E.(1990) "Estimating Mohr-Coulomb Friction and Cohesion Values from the Hoek-BrownFailure Criterion," Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.& Geomech. Abstr.27(3),227-229
[43]Vardoulakis,I.(1980) "Shear Bahd Inclination and Shear Modulus of Sand in Biaxial Tests," Int.J.Numer.Anal.Meth.in Geomech4,103-119
[44]Wang Wei,Xie Rong-rong.Quadratic extended Kalman filter approach for GPS/INS integration[J].Aerospace Science & Technology,2006,10(8):709-713
[45]Ra,Pei-zhang;Xiong.Yong-ging.An orbit determination algorithm by means of the satellite-borne GPS data and Kalman filter[J].Chinese Astronomy & Astrophysics,2006,30(2): 203-214
[46]Ambrozic,Tomaz.Prediction of subsidence due to underground mining by artificial neural networks[J].Computers & Geosciences,2003,29(5):627
[47]A.A.Baryakh,E.A.Telegina. Prediction of the intensive surface subsidence in mining potash series [J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41 (4):312-319
[48]Asadi,K.Shakhriar,and K.Goshtasbi.Profiling function for surface subsidence prediction in mining inclined coal seams[J]. Journal of Mining Science,2004,40(2):142-146
[49]Rai,Rajesh.Prediction of maximum safe charge per delay in surface mining[J].Mining Technology,2005,114(4):227-231
[50]Lade PV. Elasto-plastic stress-strain theory for cohesionless soil with curved yield surface[J]. International Journal of Solids and Structures,1977,(13):1019-1035
[51]A.N. Papanicolaou, Panayiotis Diplas. Numerical solution of a non-linear model fo r self-weight solids settlement[J].Applied mathematical modeling,1999, (23):345-362
[52]Peng. S. Models Predict Subsidence Influece, Coal Age,1997