基于物联网的智能楼宇能耗监测管理系统的研究
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摘要
传统意义上的楼宇已经越来越不能满足现代人类对高质量生活和工作环境的追求,伴随着城市发展的脚步,现代化楼宇逐渐走入了人们的生活。这些楼宇不仅要具备华丽和艺术的外观,更需要有“内在美”,即在保证办公和生活环境安全舒适的同时,提供越来越智能化人性化的环境服务,为人类的办公和生活提供高质量的周边环境,满足现代人的工作和生活方式。
针对上述目的,本文对现有的楼宇能耗设备监测管理平台技术进行了研究和分析,并结合当今物联网的关键技术——无线传感器网络技术设计了一套智能楼宇能耗监测管理的中间件系统。该系统是通过对楼宇中的能耗服务设备(如照明设备,空调设备等)进行监测和管理来实现楼宇能耗的监管与合理利用。具体来讲,系统可以根据当前场景中具体特定的用户信息以及周边环境信息来管理控制能耗设备,通过能耗设备改变环境状态来满足场景中的用户对于舒适环境的需求,并且在该过程中用户可以监测所有设备的运行状态和环境变量信息,并对能耗设备进行控制。
本文首先对该系统中间件的架构进行了设计,为了支撑该中间件架构的核心功能以及提高系统智能化程度,本文提出了一套动态模型生成算法DPGA,该算法可以生成基于用户场景的参数模型以及服务模型。然后,本文对中间件与无线传感器网络之间的通信格式进行了定义,对系统无线传感器网络的节点进行了软硬件功能设计,并对节点进行了部分实现。最后,本文描述了中间件系统各模块之间的应用程序接口和数据接口的具体实现,并以某个典型的写字楼内部环境为例,讨论了系统节点在具体环境中的部署方案以及相似区域划分问题。
该楼宇能耗监测管理系统适合于现代楼宇厂房型办公环境,较以往的固定阈值控制系统而言,本系统具有基于用户场景进行灵活配置的特点,另外,系统能够较为合理地分配能耗设备的用电负荷,具有节能、智能和人性化的特点。
With the development of the modern city, traditional buildings can not meet the need of people's pursuit for lives and work of high quality any longer, instead, modern buildings come into our lives gradually. These buildings need to have not only beautiful and artistic outward, but also nice immanency, which can provide more intelligent and humanity environmental service as well as ensuring the environment of work and live is safe and comfortable, so as to provide high quality environment surround and satisfied the life and work style of modern people.
According to the analyze and research of existing platform of building energy devices management, based on the purpose above, this paper design a middle ware system for intelligent building monitoring and management integrating the key technology of today's IOT, wireless sensor network technology. This system implements the management and appropriate use of building energy by managing energy consumption (EC) devices (illumination devices or air conditioning etc.) In detail, the system can control the EC devices according to the users and environment information in the scene in order to change the environment to meet the need of users for comfort. In addition, the users in this process can monitor and control all status of running of devices.
At first, this paper presents a design of middle ware architecture of the system. In order to support the main function of middle ware and enhance the intelligent level, this paper gives out an algorithm of dynamic pattern generation, which can generate the parameter pattern and the service pattern based on the scene of users. Secondly, this paper gives a definition of the protocol of communication between middle ware and the WSN, designs the software and hardware of WSN nodes and implements a part of node. At last, the paper gives a description of the implementation of application program interface (API) and data interface between each module of middle ware, and discusses the deployment method and similar area partition of system nodes in a specified environment when taking a classic office building as an example.
This system of building energy management is designed for modern office building owning big space. Comparing with the management system with fixed threshold, this system can configure flexible based on the scene of users. In addition, the system can assign the load of energy consumption of EC devices, and have the feature of energy-saving, intelligent and humanity.
针对上述目的,本文对现有的楼宇能耗设备监测管理平台技术进行了研究和分析,并结合当今物联网的关键技术——无线传感器网络技术设计了一套智能楼宇能耗监测管理的中间件系统。该系统是通过对楼宇中的能耗服务设备(如照明设备,空调设备等)进行监测和管理来实现楼宇能耗的监管与合理利用。具体来讲,系统可以根据当前场景中具体特定的用户信息以及周边环境信息来管理控制能耗设备,通过能耗设备改变环境状态来满足场景中的用户对于舒适环境的需求,并且在该过程中用户可以监测所有设备的运行状态和环境变量信息,并对能耗设备进行控制。
本文首先对该系统中间件的架构进行了设计,为了支撑该中间件架构的核心功能以及提高系统智能化程度,本文提出了一套动态模型生成算法DPGA,该算法可以生成基于用户场景的参数模型以及服务模型。然后,本文对中间件与无线传感器网络之间的通信格式进行了定义,对系统无线传感器网络的节点进行了软硬件功能设计,并对节点进行了部分实现。最后,本文描述了中间件系统各模块之间的应用程序接口和数据接口的具体实现,并以某个典型的写字楼内部环境为例,讨论了系统节点在具体环境中的部署方案以及相似区域划分问题。
该楼宇能耗监测管理系统适合于现代楼宇厂房型办公环境,较以往的固定阈值控制系统而言,本系统具有基于用户场景进行灵活配置的特点,另外,系统能够较为合理地分配能耗设备的用电负荷,具有节能、智能和人性化的特点。
With the development of the modern city, traditional buildings can not meet the need of people's pursuit for lives and work of high quality any longer, instead, modern buildings come into our lives gradually. These buildings need to have not only beautiful and artistic outward, but also nice immanency, which can provide more intelligent and humanity environmental service as well as ensuring the environment of work and live is safe and comfortable, so as to provide high quality environment surround and satisfied the life and work style of modern people.
According to the analyze and research of existing platform of building energy devices management, based on the purpose above, this paper design a middle ware system for intelligent building monitoring and management integrating the key technology of today's IOT, wireless sensor network technology. This system implements the management and appropriate use of building energy by managing energy consumption (EC) devices (illumination devices or air conditioning etc.) In detail, the system can control the EC devices according to the users and environment information in the scene in order to change the environment to meet the need of users for comfort. In addition, the users in this process can monitor and control all status of running of devices.
At first, this paper presents a design of middle ware architecture of the system. In order to support the main function of middle ware and enhance the intelligent level, this paper gives out an algorithm of dynamic pattern generation, which can generate the parameter pattern and the service pattern based on the scene of users. Secondly, this paper gives a definition of the protocol of communication between middle ware and the WSN, designs the software and hardware of WSN nodes and implements a part of node. At last, the paper gives a description of the implementation of application program interface (API) and data interface between each module of middle ware, and discusses the deployment method and similar area partition of system nodes in a specified environment when taking a classic office building as an example.
This system of building energy management is designed for modern office building owning big space. Comparing with the management system with fixed threshold, this system can configure flexible based on the scene of users. In addition, the system can assign the load of energy consumption of EC devices, and have the feature of energy-saving, intelligent and humanity.
引文
[1]杜晓通,孙毅,袁亚平、基于IP技术的能量管理系统的设计与实现[A].智能建筑与绿色建筑文集3[C].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2007.618-620
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.3-23
[3]赵洪飞.基于WSNs的智能建筑能量管理系统研究与实现[学位论文].山东济南.山东大学.2009.1-2
[4]李晓维.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京：北京理工出版社.2007.13-17
[5]宁焕生,徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考.电子学报.2010.第38卷第11期.2590-2599
[6]李中民.我国物联网发展现状及策略.计算机时代.2011.3.第3期.13-15
[7]汪鹏.基于无线传感器网络的楼宇环境监控系统的研究[学位论文].浙江.浙江工业大学.2009.2-3
[8]王文光,刘十兴,谢武军.无线传感器网络概述.合肥工业大学学报.2010.9.第9期.1416-1437
[9]朱蒙.无线传感器网络综述.科技广场.2010.9.第9期.79-81
[10]蔡日梅.物联网概述.电子产品可靠性与环境试验.2011.2.第29卷第1期.59-63
[11]沈佳栋,唐明浩,章力.无线传感网在智能楼宇系统中的应用.系统仿真技术及其应用.2009.10.第10卷.658-661
[12]吴凡凡.二代证门禁控制器的设计与实现[D].西安：西安电子科技大学.2009.68-74
[13]李锋博.基于WEB的智能建筑系统集成的设计与应用[J].电气应用.2009.第28卷第7期.38-41
[14]张福生,边杏宾.物联网中间件技术是物联网产业链的重要环节.科技创新与生产力.2011.3.第206卷.41-43
[15]王汝传,孙丽娟等.无线传感器网络中间件技术.南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版).2010.8.第30卷第4期.36-40
[16]Mohamed. N, Al-Jaroodi. Service-Oriented Middleware Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks. System Sciences (HICSS).2011.44th Hawaii International Conference. 4-7 Jan.2011. Hawaii.1-9
[17]Hadim S, Mohamed N. Middleware challenges and approaches for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Computer Society.2006,7(3).1-21
[18]刘昌鑫,谭云兰,唐卫东.无线传感器网络中间件的研究.传感器与微系统.2008.第27卷第11期.41-43
[19]Jose Cecilio, Joao Costa, Pedro Martins, Pedro Furtado. Configuration Interface for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks.2011 Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications. Chicago.2011. Portugal. IEEE Computer Society.2011,2.447-449
[20]A. Dunkels, J. Alonso, T. Voigt, H. Ritter, J. Schiller. Connecting Wireless Sensornets with TCP/IP Networks, the Second International Conference on Wired and Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC2004). Frankfurt, Germany.2004,2.233-242
[21]L. Shu, J. Cho, S. Lee, M. Hauswirth, L. Zhang. VIP Bridge:Leading Ubiquitous Sensor Networks to the Next Generation. Journal of Internet Technology, vol.8.2007
[22]K. Aberer, M. Hauswirth, A. Salehi. Infrastructure for Data Processing in Large-Scale Interconnected Sensor Networks, the 8th International Conference on Mobile Data Management. Mannheim, Germany.2007,5.7-11
[23]Choon-Sung Nam, Hee-Jin Jeong, Dong-Ryeol Shin. Design and Implementation of the Publish/Subscribe Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks. Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management.2008,08.270-273
[24]Jinsung Byun, Sehyun Park. Development of a Self-adapting Intelligent System for Building Energy Saving and Context-aware Smart Services. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.2011,2,1. Vol.57(No.1).90-98
[25]Yu Xiao, Xiaoyan Cui, Hang Li, Teng Xi. A protocol simplifying mechanism for a WSN module. Electronics and Information Engineering(ICEIE).2010 International Conference.2010,9. V2-474-V2-477
[26]Baker N. ZigBee and Bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications[J]. Computing&Control Engineering Journal.2005,16(2).20-25
[27]Rui Gao, Hong Zhou, Gang Su. A wireless sensor network environment monitoring system based on TinyOS. Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE).2011 International Conference. Boston. July 2011,7,29-31. V1-497-V1-501
[28]Iyengar, S., Parameshwaran, N., Phoha, V., Balakrishnan, N., Okoye, C. Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming:Applications and Technology-Programming in NesC. Wiley-IEEE Press.2011.99-109
[29]Gajbhiye, P., Mahajan, A.. A survey of architecture and node deployment in Wireless Sensor Network. Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies.2008. ICADIWT 2008. First International Conference.2008,8,4-6. 426-430
[30]Akshay, N., Kumar, M. P., Harish, B., Dhanorkar, S.. An efficient approach for sensor deployments in wireless sensor network. Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT) 2010. International Conference.2010,11,3-5. 350-355
[31]张晓鹏.浅谈计算机软件数据接口的几种实现思路和应用.科技情报开发与经济.2010.第20卷第8期.127-129
[32]百度百科：ibatis. http://baike.baidu.com/view/628102.html
[2]孙利民,李建中,陈渝.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2005.3-23
[3]赵洪飞.基于WSNs的智能建筑能量管理系统研究与实现[学位论文].山东济南.山东大学.2009.1-2
[4]李晓维.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京：北京理工出版社.2007.13-17
[5]宁焕生,徐群玉.全球物联网发展及中国物联网建设若干思考.电子学报.2010.第38卷第11期.2590-2599
[6]李中民.我国物联网发展现状及策略.计算机时代.2011.3.第3期.13-15
[7]汪鹏.基于无线传感器网络的楼宇环境监控系统的研究[学位论文].浙江.浙江工业大学.2009.2-3
[8]王文光,刘十兴,谢武军.无线传感器网络概述.合肥工业大学学报.2010.9.第9期.1416-1437
[9]朱蒙.无线传感器网络综述.科技广场.2010.9.第9期.79-81
[10]蔡日梅.物联网概述.电子产品可靠性与环境试验.2011.2.第29卷第1期.59-63
[11]沈佳栋,唐明浩,章力.无线传感网在智能楼宇系统中的应用.系统仿真技术及其应用.2009.10.第10卷.658-661
[12]吴凡凡.二代证门禁控制器的设计与实现[D].西安：西安电子科技大学.2009.68-74
[13]李锋博.基于WEB的智能建筑系统集成的设计与应用[J].电气应用.2009.第28卷第7期.38-41
[14]张福生,边杏宾.物联网中间件技术是物联网产业链的重要环节.科技创新与生产力.2011.3.第206卷.41-43
[15]王汝传,孙丽娟等.无线传感器网络中间件技术.南京邮电大学学报(自然科学版).2010.8.第30卷第4期.36-40
[16]Mohamed. N, Al-Jaroodi. Service-Oriented Middleware Approaches for Wireless Sensor Networks. System Sciences (HICSS).2011.44th Hawaii International Conference. 4-7 Jan.2011. Hawaii.1-9
[17]Hadim S, Mohamed N. Middleware challenges and approaches for wireless sensor networks[J]. IEEE Computer Society.2006,7(3).1-21
[18]刘昌鑫,谭云兰,唐卫东.无线传感器网络中间件的研究.传感器与微系统.2008.第27卷第11期.41-43
[19]Jose Cecilio, Joao Costa, Pedro Martins, Pedro Furtado. Configuration Interface for Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks.2011 Workshops of International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications. Chicago.2011. Portugal. IEEE Computer Society.2011,2.447-449
[20]A. Dunkels, J. Alonso, T. Voigt, H. Ritter, J. Schiller. Connecting Wireless Sensornets with TCP/IP Networks, the Second International Conference on Wired and Wireless Internet Communications (WWIC2004). Frankfurt, Germany.2004,2.233-242
[21]L. Shu, J. Cho, S. Lee, M. Hauswirth, L. Zhang. VIP Bridge:Leading Ubiquitous Sensor Networks to the Next Generation. Journal of Internet Technology, vol.8.2007
[22]K. Aberer, M. Hauswirth, A. Salehi. Infrastructure for Data Processing in Large-Scale Interconnected Sensor Networks, the 8th International Conference on Mobile Data Management. Mannheim, Germany.2007,5.7-11
[23]Choon-Sung Nam, Hee-Jin Jeong, Dong-Ryeol Shin. Design and Implementation of the Publish/Subscribe Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks. Networked Computing and Advanced Information Management.2008,08.270-273
[24]Jinsung Byun, Sehyun Park. Development of a Self-adapting Intelligent System for Building Energy Saving and Context-aware Smart Services. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics.2011,2,1. Vol.57(No.1).90-98
[25]Yu Xiao, Xiaoyan Cui, Hang Li, Teng Xi. A protocol simplifying mechanism for a WSN module. Electronics and Information Engineering(ICEIE).2010 International Conference.2010,9. V2-474-V2-477
[26]Baker N. ZigBee and Bluetooth strengths and weaknesses for industrial applications[J]. Computing&Control Engineering Journal.2005,16(2).20-25
[27]Rui Gao, Hong Zhou, Gang Su. A wireless sensor network environment monitoring system based on TinyOS. Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE).2011 International Conference. Boston. July 2011,7,29-31. V1-497-V1-501
[28]Iyengar, S., Parameshwaran, N., Phoha, V., Balakrishnan, N., Okoye, C. Fundamentals of Sensor Network Programming:Applications and Technology-Programming in NesC. Wiley-IEEE Press.2011.99-109
[29]Gajbhiye, P., Mahajan, A.. A survey of architecture and node deployment in Wireless Sensor Network. Applications of Digital Information and Web Technologies.2008. ICADIWT 2008. First International Conference.2008,8,4-6. 426-430
[30]Akshay, N., Kumar, M. P., Harish, B., Dhanorkar, S.. An efficient approach for sensor deployments in wireless sensor network. Emerging Trends in Robotics and Communication Technologies (INTERACT) 2010. International Conference.2010,11,3-5. 350-355
[31]张晓鹏.浅谈计算机软件数据接口的几种实现思路和应用.科技情报开发与经济.2010.第20卷第8期.127-129
[32]百度百科：ibatis. http://baike.baidu.com/view/628102.html