建筑节能控制系统中一种基于BACnet的网关应用研究
摘要
建筑节能是当今社会普遍关注的热点问题之一,建筑节能控制系统的建立为实现建筑物有效节能提供了一个新的方向。建筑节能控制系统是伴随着智能建筑的发展而产生的,特别与智能建筑中的楼宇自动化系统密切相关。随着计算机技术和控制技术的不断发展,建筑节能控制系统正向智能化、集成化和网络化的方向发展。BACnet协议是一个专门为建筑设备实现集成控制而制定的通信协议,它解决了楼宇自动化系统中设备不兼容和难以集成的问题,为不同的建筑设备实现集成提供了统一的通信语言。将BACnet协议应用到建筑节能控制系统中,对建筑设备进行系统化的控制和管理,优化各类建筑设备的运行,是降低建筑能耗的有效方法。
本文首先分析了传统的建筑节能控制系统的局限性,提出了将BACnet协议与建筑节能控制系统相结合的思想,在分析了BACnet协议和嵌入式技术相关理论的基础上,将BACnet协议应用到建筑节能控制系统中,提高了系统的开放性和集成度。
其次,通过对该系统功能的分析,本文重点对系统中的一个关键技术难点——网关进行了研究与设计。硬件部分采用模块化的设计,结构简单、可靠,在对CPU核心模块、通信接口模块、外扩存储器模块和系统基本模块的芯片进行选择的基础上,设计了芯片的电路图。软件部分采用前后台的程序,实现了底层低速的控制设备与上层的控制中心进行信息交互的功能,从网关的应用角度出发,对TCP/IP协议栈进行了裁剪与实现,对底层通信的BACnet对象与应用服务分别进行了定义和选择。重点研究了BACnet应用层和网络层的编解码、数据链路层MS/TP帧的创建。
最后,通过网关的启动自检测试和数据收发功能测试,证明了网关软件部分的正确性、可靠性和安全性。
Building energy efficiency is one of the hot issues of common concern in today’s society, the establishment of building energy-saving control system provides a new direction for realizing an effective energy-saving building. With the development of computer technology and control technology, building energy-saving automation system is growing forward to intelligence, integration and network. BACnet protocol is a communication protocol which is especially to carry out the integrated control problem of building device,it has solved the problems that the equipment is not compatible and difficult to integrate in building automation system, and also provides a unified communication language for the realization of different building automation system. BACnet protocol will be applied to building energy-saving control system for systematic control and management of construction equipment, optimizing the operation of various types of construction equipment. It is an effective way to reduce building energy construction.
Firstly , this dissertation analyzes the limitations of traditional building energy-saving control systems, proposes to combine the BACnet protocol with building energy-saving control system, analyzes the theory of the BACnet protocol and embedded technology, and on this basis apply the BACnet protocol to establish a building energy-saving control system, which improves the system's openness and integration.
Secondly, based on analyzing of the system’s function, the dissertation is researched and designed an important part of the system-the gateway. Hardware part is designed by modular chips, it has simple and reliable structure, on the base of chip choosing of CPU core module, communication interface module, external expansion memory module and the basic modules, it has designed the chip schematic. Using the procedure, software part achieves the communication of the underlying low-speed control device and the upper control center. From the perspective of gateway application, it has achieved the cutting of TCP/IP protocol stack, defined and selected the BACnet object and application services of underlying communication. It has put emphasis on the encoding and decoding of BACnet application layer and network layer, also on the creation of MS/TP frames in the data link layer.
Lastly,through the starting self-test and data transceiver tests of the gateway, it has demonstrated the correctness, reliability and security of gateway software.
本文首先分析了传统的建筑节能控制系统的局限性,提出了将BACnet协议与建筑节能控制系统相结合的思想,在分析了BACnet协议和嵌入式技术相关理论的基础上,将BACnet协议应用到建筑节能控制系统中,提高了系统的开放性和集成度。
其次,通过对该系统功能的分析,本文重点对系统中的一个关键技术难点——网关进行了研究与设计。硬件部分采用模块化的设计,结构简单、可靠,在对CPU核心模块、通信接口模块、外扩存储器模块和系统基本模块的芯片进行选择的基础上,设计了芯片的电路图。软件部分采用前后台的程序,实现了底层低速的控制设备与上层的控制中心进行信息交互的功能,从网关的应用角度出发,对TCP/IP协议栈进行了裁剪与实现,对底层通信的BACnet对象与应用服务分别进行了定义和选择。重点研究了BACnet应用层和网络层的编解码、数据链路层MS/TP帧的创建。
最后,通过网关的启动自检测试和数据收发功能测试,证明了网关软件部分的正确性、可靠性和安全性。
Building energy efficiency is one of the hot issues of common concern in today’s society, the establishment of building energy-saving control system provides a new direction for realizing an effective energy-saving building. With the development of computer technology and control technology, building energy-saving automation system is growing forward to intelligence, integration and network. BACnet protocol is a communication protocol which is especially to carry out the integrated control problem of building device,it has solved the problems that the equipment is not compatible and difficult to integrate in building automation system, and also provides a unified communication language for the realization of different building automation system. BACnet protocol will be applied to building energy-saving control system for systematic control and management of construction equipment, optimizing the operation of various types of construction equipment. It is an effective way to reduce building energy construction.
Firstly , this dissertation analyzes the limitations of traditional building energy-saving control systems, proposes to combine the BACnet protocol with building energy-saving control system, analyzes the theory of the BACnet protocol and embedded technology, and on this basis apply the BACnet protocol to establish a building energy-saving control system, which improves the system's openness and integration.
Secondly, based on analyzing of the system’s function, the dissertation is researched and designed an important part of the system-the gateway. Hardware part is designed by modular chips, it has simple and reliable structure, on the base of chip choosing of CPU core module, communication interface module, external expansion memory module and the basic modules, it has designed the chip schematic. Using the procedure, software part achieves the communication of the underlying low-speed control device and the upper control center. From the perspective of gateway application, it has achieved the cutting of TCP/IP protocol stack, defined and selected the BACnet object and application services of underlying communication. It has put emphasis on the encoding and decoding of BACnet application layer and network layer, also on the creation of MS/TP frames in the data link layer.
Lastly,through the starting self-test and data transceiver tests of the gateway, it has demonstrated the correctness, reliability and security of gateway software.
引文
[1]清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报表2010[M],中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[2] Al-Mofleh A.,Taib S.,Al-Gulman H. Tools for building energy efficiency estimation[C]. Mechatronics and Its Application. 2008:1-6.
[3]黄茜.建筑节能技术集成优化与评价研究[D],武汉工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[4] Jianbo Bai , Hong Xiao , Xianghua Yang , etc. Study on integration technologies of building automation systems based on web services[C]. Computing, Communication, Control and Management. 2009:262-266.
[5] Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G.,Soucek S.,etc. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE. 2005:1178-1203.
[6]楚晓华,智能公共建筑能量管理系统控制优化研究[D],山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[7] Zeng Jia,Zhao Chunhua,Zhang Mingsong,etc. Study condition monitoring of construction equipment based on wireless sensor networks[C]. Computer Application and System Modeling. 2010:V5-606– V5-609.
[8] Nhat-Hai Nguyen,Quo-Tran,Leger J.-M,etc. A real-time control using wireless sensor network for intelligent energy management system in buildings[C]. Environmental Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems. 2010:87-92.
[9]刘红桔,黄贤林.某办公楼的智能建筑与建筑节能的设计[J].山西建筑. 2009,35(28):38-40.
[10]魏晨.基于LONWORKS系统的的楼宇自控系统设计及应用[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文. 2007.
[11] Burgstaller W.,Rausch T. Gatewayless communication between LonWorks and BACnet[C]. Factory Communication Systems. 2004:361-364.
[12]王瑞华,王普,尹金玉等.基于LNS的LonWorks-BACnet网关的研究与实现[J].北京工业大学学报,2004:47-440.
[13] Granzer W.,Kastner W.,Reinisch C. Gateway-free integration of BACnet and KNX using multi-protocol device [C]. Industrial Informatics. 2008:973-978.
[14] Liu Q.,Ren P. Study on the congestion control arithmetic of BACnet routers[C]. Industrial Electronics and Applications. 2008:2284-2287.
[15] Ninagawa C.,Sato T.,Kawakita Y. Communication performance simulationfor object access of BACnet Web Service building facility monitoring systems[C]. 2008:701-704.
[16] Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G.,Soucek S.,etc. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE. 2005:1178-1203.
[17] Kordik P.,Hasaj M.,Tvrdy M.,etc. Building Automation Simulator and Control Strategy for Intelligent and Energy Efficient Home[C]. Computer Modeling and Simulation. 2009:154-159.
[18] Egan D. The emergence of ZigBee in Building automation and industrial control [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 2005:14-19.
[19]张洋.楼宇自动化控制网络技术研究[D].长春理工大硕士学位论文. 2007.
[20] Ziyan Jiang. An information platform for building automation system[C]. Industrial Technology. 2005:1391-1396.
[21] Konig Johan , Franke Ulrik , Nordstrom Lars. Probabilistic availability analysis of control and automation systems for active distribution networks[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. 2010:1-8.
[22]董春桥.智能楼宇BACnet原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社. 2003.
[23]廖方诚.基于BACnet协议的现场网络监控系统研究与设计[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2009.
[24]方义,熊璋,王忠欣. BACnet与Internet的互联[J].北京航空航天大学学报. 2005,31(5):578-582.
[25]王宏玉,颜小军,戴瑜兴等.基于虚拟BACnet对象的楼控系统集成设计及实现[J].低压电器. 2006(10):25-27.
[26] Tae-Jin Park,Young-Chan Kwon,Seung-Ho Hong. Performance evaluation of BACnet MS/TP protocol using experimental model[C]. Industrial Technology. 2005:577-582.
[27]肖诗源,许毅平,周曼丽等.一种BACnet协议的多字符集方案[J].计算机工程与应用. 2004,40(24):131-133.
[28] Seung Ho Hong,Songjun Lee. Design and Implementation of Fault Tolerance in the BACnet/IP Protocol [J]. Industrial Electronics. 2010:3631-3638.
[29] Ping Ren. A Wireless Self-Orgnizing and Multi-Hop Network for Intelligent Home System[C]. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing. 2010:1-4.
[30]邱铁. ARM嵌入式系统结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2009.
[31] Pulka A.,Milik A. Multithread RISC architecture based on programmable interleaved pipelining [C]. Electronics, Circuits and Systems. 2009:647-650.
[32] Han A.H.,Young-Si Hwang,Young-Ho An,etc. Virtual ARM Platform for embedded system developers[C]. Audio, Language and Image Processing. 2008:586-592.
[33]怯肇乾.嵌入式系统硬件体系设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[34]葛辛欣.基于CS8900A的嵌入式网络接口模块设计[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版):2008年第3期54-56.
[35]黄国刚,陈明,许海岗等.基于CS8900A的工业级嵌入式网络接口实现[J].新技术新仪器:2005年第1期61、71、23.
[36]肖玲妮,袁增贵. Protel99SE印刷电路板设计教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[37] Liao,Ri-Kun; Ji, Yue-Feng; Li, Hui. Optimized design and implementation of TCP/IP software architecture based on embedded system. Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, v 2006, p 590-594, 2006.
[38]雷必成.嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议的精简与实现[J].微计算机信息:2006年第6-2期107-109.
[39]周立功,王祖麟等. ARM嵌入式系统基础教程(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[40]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[41]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(三)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[42]范炜.基于ARM的嵌入式多串口网络服务器的设计与实现[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.
[2] Al-Mofleh A.,Taib S.,Al-Gulman H. Tools for building energy efficiency estimation[C]. Mechatronics and Its Application. 2008:1-6.
[3]黄茜.建筑节能技术集成优化与评价研究[D],武汉工业大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[4] Jianbo Bai , Hong Xiao , Xianghua Yang , etc. Study on integration technologies of building automation systems based on web services[C]. Computing, Communication, Control and Management. 2009:262-266.
[5] Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G.,Soucek S.,etc. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE. 2005:1178-1203.
[6]楚晓华,智能公共建筑能量管理系统控制优化研究[D],山东大学硕士学位论文,2008.
[7] Zeng Jia,Zhao Chunhua,Zhang Mingsong,etc. Study condition monitoring of construction equipment based on wireless sensor networks[C]. Computer Application and System Modeling. 2010:V5-606– V5-609.
[8] Nhat-Hai Nguyen,Quo-Tran,Leger J.-M,etc. A real-time control using wireless sensor network for intelligent energy management system in buildings[C]. Environmental Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems. 2010:87-92.
[9]刘红桔,黄贤林.某办公楼的智能建筑与建筑节能的设计[J].山西建筑. 2009,35(28):38-40.
[10]魏晨.基于LONWORKS系统的的楼宇自控系统设计及应用[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文. 2007.
[11] Burgstaller W.,Rausch T. Gatewayless communication between LonWorks and BACnet[C]. Factory Communication Systems. 2004:361-364.
[12]王瑞华,王普,尹金玉等.基于LNS的LonWorks-BACnet网关的研究与实现[J].北京工业大学学报,2004:47-440.
[13] Granzer W.,Kastner W.,Reinisch C. Gateway-free integration of BACnet and KNX using multi-protocol device [C]. Industrial Informatics. 2008:973-978.
[14] Liu Q.,Ren P. Study on the congestion control arithmetic of BACnet routers[C]. Industrial Electronics and Applications. 2008:2284-2287.
[15] Ninagawa C.,Sato T.,Kawakita Y. Communication performance simulationfor object access of BACnet Web Service building facility monitoring systems[C]. 2008:701-704.
[16] Kastner W.,Neugschwandtner G.,Soucek S.,etc. Communication Systems for Building Automation and Control [J]. Proceeding of the IEEE. 2005:1178-1203.
[17] Kordik P.,Hasaj M.,Tvrdy M.,etc. Building Automation Simulator and Control Strategy for Intelligent and Energy Efficient Home[C]. Computer Modeling and Simulation. 2009:154-159.
[18] Egan D. The emergence of ZigBee in Building automation and industrial control [J]. Computing & Control Engineering Journal. 2005:14-19.
[19]张洋.楼宇自动化控制网络技术研究[D].长春理工大硕士学位论文. 2007.
[20] Ziyan Jiang. An information platform for building automation system[C]. Industrial Technology. 2005:1391-1396.
[21] Konig Johan , Franke Ulrik , Nordstrom Lars. Probabilistic availability analysis of control and automation systems for active distribution networks[C]. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition. 2010:1-8.
[22]董春桥.智能楼宇BACnet原理与应用.北京:电子工业出版社. 2003.
[23]廖方诚.基于BACnet协议的现场网络监控系统研究与设计[D].武汉理工大学硕士学位论文. 2009.
[24]方义,熊璋,王忠欣. BACnet与Internet的互联[J].北京航空航天大学学报. 2005,31(5):578-582.
[25]王宏玉,颜小军,戴瑜兴等.基于虚拟BACnet对象的楼控系统集成设计及实现[J].低压电器. 2006(10):25-27.
[26] Tae-Jin Park,Young-Chan Kwon,Seung-Ho Hong. Performance evaluation of BACnet MS/TP protocol using experimental model[C]. Industrial Technology. 2005:577-582.
[27]肖诗源,许毅平,周曼丽等.一种BACnet协议的多字符集方案[J].计算机工程与应用. 2004,40(24):131-133.
[28] Seung Ho Hong,Songjun Lee. Design and Implementation of Fault Tolerance in the BACnet/IP Protocol [J]. Industrial Electronics. 2010:3631-3638.
[29] Ping Ren. A Wireless Self-Orgnizing and Multi-Hop Network for Intelligent Home System[C]. Wireless Communications Networking and Mobile Computing. 2010:1-4.
[30]邱铁. ARM嵌入式系统结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社, 2009.
[31] Pulka A.,Milik A. Multithread RISC architecture based on programmable interleaved pipelining [C]. Electronics, Circuits and Systems. 2009:647-650.
[32] Han A.H.,Young-Si Hwang,Young-Ho An,etc. Virtual ARM Platform for embedded system developers[C]. Audio, Language and Image Processing. 2008:586-592.
[33]怯肇乾.嵌入式系统硬件体系设计[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007.
[34]葛辛欣.基于CS8900A的嵌入式网络接口模块设计[J].北京工商大学学报(自然科学版):2008年第3期54-56.
[35]黄国刚,陈明,许海岗等.基于CS8900A的工业级嵌入式网络接口实现[J].新技术新仪器:2005年第1期61、71、23.
[36]肖玲妮,袁增贵. Protel99SE印刷电路板设计教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[37] Liao,Ri-Kun; Ji, Yue-Feng; Li, Hui. Optimized design and implementation of TCP/IP software architecture based on embedded system. Proceedings of the 2006 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, v 2006, p 590-594, 2006.
[38]雷必成.嵌入式系统中TCP/IP协议的精简与实现[J].微计算机信息:2006年第6-2期107-109.
[39]周立功,王祖麟等. ARM嵌入式系统基础教程(第二版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008.
[40]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.
[41]周立功等. ARM嵌入式系统实验教程(三)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.
[42]范炜.基于ARM的嵌入式多串口网络服务器的设计与实现[D].北京:北京交通大学,2007.