智能公共建筑能量管理系统控制优化研究
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摘要
随着大型建筑的不断涌现和中央空调的普遍应用,建筑能耗大大增加,世界性能源紧张日趋加重,因此,提高建筑中的能源利用效率,合理有效地利用能源,推进大型建筑节能就显得十分重要。
目前,许多企业和科研院所纷纷采取各种措施和手段,从不同层次、不同角度对大型建筑实施智能化管理,力图实现节能。在大型公共建筑中采取的最广泛的节能手段之一就是安装楼宇自控系统,虽然在提高楼宇整体管理水平,实现节能降耗方面取得了一定的成就,但是由于只是针对于各耗能设备分别进行节能监控,缺乏一种立足于全局的能耗分析和管理调度措施,无论是从实际运行的效果还是从系统角度来看,节能效果都不够理想。为此,本文在分析原有大型公共建筑能量管理系统方面不足的基础上,并借鉴其成功经验,从提高节能措施的可操作性入手,针对大型公共建筑内的机电设备特别是中央空调系统和照明系统的节能降耗给出优化方案。
研究目标是以某市商务小区建筑群的集成控制系统为基础,对智能能量管理系统进行分析,并对建筑能量控制系统的模型进行论述,结合智能建筑系统的集成技术与软件工程的新方法、新技术,研究建筑物能量系统集成优化运行的软硬件支撑平台,探索如何实现建筑物能量系统整体优化,达到节能并提高能效的目的。
首先分析建筑物能量控制系统的基本结构,利用信息系统集成实现建筑群内各种信息资源的共享。其次根据人体热舒适度对空调系统、新风系统、照明系统的要求建立典型房间的控制模型,实现能量管理系统对中央空调系统控制优化。最后根据整个楼宇对使用功能和能量控制的要求,实现对建筑内电梯系统,变配电系统,给排水系统等机电设备的优化控制,以达到整体节能效果。
总之,创新点在于研究了影响建筑物能耗的主要因素,对建筑物能耗状况的提出综合的优化控制方法,即在充分利用现有楼宇自控系统对中央空调系统监控的基础上,实现对各相关机电设备优化控制,满足建筑物对能量的需求,提高设备间的联动,以达到整体优化。通过中央管理系统的信息处理,综合两者及其它相关数据以获得整个建筑区域内的能耗状况,从而对能量调度决策做出指导。
With the growing emergence of large buildings and the universal application of central air conditioning, energy consumption of the building is greatly increasing, the worldwide energy shortage is becoming more and more serious, therefore, improving the capacity usage ratio, using energy more reasonably and efficiently and promoting the energy-saving of large construction has become very important.
At present, many enterprises and research institutes have taken various measures and methods, from different levels and perspectives on the implementation of intelligent management to counter with large-scale building, tried to achieve energy-saving. One method of energy-saving which is most widely adopted in large-scale public buildings is the installation of automatic control system. Although some achievements have been made on improving the management level and realizing the overall energy consumption, because only in the energy-saving equipment for monitoring, based on a lack of overall energy consumption analysis and management measures scheduling, energy saving effect is not ideal on whether the practical effect or the system. Therefore, based on the analysis of the scanted original large-scale public buildings energy management system, and learn from their successful experiences, obtains from the feasibility of measures which enhance energy conservation, to be directed against large-scale public buildings with the mechanical and electrical equipment, especially the energy saving of central air conditioning system and lighting system, the paper has given optimized control methods.
The goal of the research is based on the integrated control system of buildings in a city business district, analyzed the intelligent energy management system, and discussed the model of the building energy control system. Combined with new methods and new technologies of integration and software engineering of the intelligent building systems, the paper did some research on hardware and software platform support of optimize operation of the building energy system, explored how to realize building energy system optimization, achieved the purpose of energy-saving and enhanced the energy efficiency.
First of all, according to the analysis of the building energy control system, with the help of information systems integration to achieve a sharing of all kinds of information resources of the building. Secondly, based on human thermal comfort of air-conditioning system, new air system, lighting system we built a typical model of the control room, getting the realization of the energy management system for central air-conditioning system's, According to the entire building on the use of energy and functional control requirements we can realize optimum control of building elevator systems, variable power distribution system, water supply and drainage systems, electrical and mechanical equipment in order to achieve the overall effect of energy conservation.
In short, the biggest innovation is the research on the main factors which impact the building energy consumption and the propose of the synthesis optimization control methods to the building energy consumption, that is, on the basis of the full use of the existing building automation system, monitoring the central air-conditioning system to achieve the optimized control of various electrical and mechanical equipment related, meet energy demand of the building and improve the interactive association among the devices to arrive at the overall optimization. Through information processing of the central management system, synthesizing both and other correlation data to obtain the energy consumption condition in the entire construction, then making the instruction to the energy dispatch and decision-making.
目前,许多企业和科研院所纷纷采取各种措施和手段,从不同层次、不同角度对大型建筑实施智能化管理,力图实现节能。在大型公共建筑中采取的最广泛的节能手段之一就是安装楼宇自控系统,虽然在提高楼宇整体管理水平,实现节能降耗方面取得了一定的成就,但是由于只是针对于各耗能设备分别进行节能监控,缺乏一种立足于全局的能耗分析和管理调度措施,无论是从实际运行的效果还是从系统角度来看,节能效果都不够理想。为此,本文在分析原有大型公共建筑能量管理系统方面不足的基础上,并借鉴其成功经验,从提高节能措施的可操作性入手,针对大型公共建筑内的机电设备特别是中央空调系统和照明系统的节能降耗给出优化方案。
研究目标是以某市商务小区建筑群的集成控制系统为基础,对智能能量管理系统进行分析,并对建筑能量控制系统的模型进行论述,结合智能建筑系统的集成技术与软件工程的新方法、新技术,研究建筑物能量系统集成优化运行的软硬件支撑平台,探索如何实现建筑物能量系统整体优化,达到节能并提高能效的目的。
首先分析建筑物能量控制系统的基本结构,利用信息系统集成实现建筑群内各种信息资源的共享。其次根据人体热舒适度对空调系统、新风系统、照明系统的要求建立典型房间的控制模型,实现能量管理系统对中央空调系统控制优化。最后根据整个楼宇对使用功能和能量控制的要求,实现对建筑内电梯系统,变配电系统,给排水系统等机电设备的优化控制,以达到整体节能效果。
总之,创新点在于研究了影响建筑物能耗的主要因素,对建筑物能耗状况的提出综合的优化控制方法,即在充分利用现有楼宇自控系统对中央空调系统监控的基础上,实现对各相关机电设备优化控制,满足建筑物对能量的需求,提高设备间的联动,以达到整体优化。通过中央管理系统的信息处理,综合两者及其它相关数据以获得整个建筑区域内的能耗状况,从而对能量调度决策做出指导。
With the growing emergence of large buildings and the universal application of central air conditioning, energy consumption of the building is greatly increasing, the worldwide energy shortage is becoming more and more serious, therefore, improving the capacity usage ratio, using energy more reasonably and efficiently and promoting the energy-saving of large construction has become very important.
At present, many enterprises and research institutes have taken various measures and methods, from different levels and perspectives on the implementation of intelligent management to counter with large-scale building, tried to achieve energy-saving. One method of energy-saving which is most widely adopted in large-scale public buildings is the installation of automatic control system. Although some achievements have been made on improving the management level and realizing the overall energy consumption, because only in the energy-saving equipment for monitoring, based on a lack of overall energy consumption analysis and management measures scheduling, energy saving effect is not ideal on whether the practical effect or the system. Therefore, based on the analysis of the scanted original large-scale public buildings energy management system, and learn from their successful experiences, obtains from the feasibility of measures which enhance energy conservation, to be directed against large-scale public buildings with the mechanical and electrical equipment, especially the energy saving of central air conditioning system and lighting system, the paper has given optimized control methods.
The goal of the research is based on the integrated control system of buildings in a city business district, analyzed the intelligent energy management system, and discussed the model of the building energy control system. Combined with new methods and new technologies of integration and software engineering of the intelligent building systems, the paper did some research on hardware and software platform support of optimize operation of the building energy system, explored how to realize building energy system optimization, achieved the purpose of energy-saving and enhanced the energy efficiency.
First of all, according to the analysis of the building energy control system, with the help of information systems integration to achieve a sharing of all kinds of information resources of the building. Secondly, based on human thermal comfort of air-conditioning system, new air system, lighting system we built a typical model of the control room, getting the realization of the energy management system for central air-conditioning system's, According to the entire building on the use of energy and functional control requirements we can realize optimum control of building elevator systems, variable power distribution system, water supply and drainage systems, electrical and mechanical equipment in order to achieve the overall effect of energy conservation.
In short, the biggest innovation is the research on the main factors which impact the building energy consumption and the propose of the synthesis optimization control methods to the building energy consumption, that is, on the basis of the full use of the existing building automation system, monitoring the central air-conditioning system to achieve the optimized control of various electrical and mechanical equipment related, meet energy demand of the building and improve the interactive association among the devices to arrive at the overall optimization. Through information processing of the central management system, synthesizing both and other correlation data to obtain the energy consumption condition in the entire construction, then making the instruction to the energy dispatch and decision-making.
引文
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[12]杜晓通.基于能效的能量管理[A].智能建筑与节能高峰论坛资料汇编[C].中国建筑业协会智能建筑专业委员会秘书处编印.2006.51-55
[13]杜晓通,孙毅,袁亚平.基于IP技术的能量管理系统的设计与实现[A].智能建筑与绿色建筑文集3[C].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007.618-620
[14]Wang S W.Dynamic simulation of a building central chilling system and evaluation of emus online control strategies.Building and Environment.1997.32(4):371-377
[15]梁春生,智勇等.中央空调变流量控制节能技术[M].北京.电子工业出版社.2005
[16]Zaheer uddin M,Zheng G R.A dynamic model of multi zone VAV system for control analysis.ASH RAE Trans.1994,100(1):1040-1061
[17]李苏泷,邹娜.空调冷却水变流量控制方法研究[J].暖通空调,2005.35(12):51-55
[18]潘雨顺.中央空调水系统运行最佳“节能”技术研究[J].四川制冷.1997,4:1-7
[19]闫斌,郭春信,程宝义.舒适性空调室内设计参数的优化.暖通空调,1999,29(01):44-45
[20]J.E Braun.Reducing energy costs and peak electrical demand through optimal control of building thermal storage.ASHRAE Trans,1990,96(1):876-888
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