基于调节聚集与特征框架的调节匹配对建言的影响机制
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摘要
随着人们对组织公民行为的关注，建言行为的研究也逐渐成为学者们研究的热点。建言行为是指以改善组织环境为目标，以变化为导向，具有挑战性和自发性的决策行为。以往关于建言行为的影响因素研究有很多，然而却未涉及关于个体自我调节系统因素对建言影响的研究。因此，本研究在以往研究的基础上，采用模拟情境的纸笔测验方法，探讨了不同类型的调节聚焦与特征框架形成的调节匹配对建言的影响，并对调节匹配效应的内部机制进行深入分析。
本研究共分为三个部分，研究一通过预实验和正式实验，以250名高校在校学生为被试样本，采用2（促进型调节聚焦vs.预防型调节聚焦）×2（积极特征框架vs.消极特征框架）的被试间设计，分别探讨情境诱导类的调节聚焦以及特质类的调节聚焦与特征框架形成的调节匹配对建言的影响。结果表明，无论是情境类的调节匹配还是特质类的调节匹配都会对建言产生影响，与调节不匹配相比，调节匹配组的被试有更高的建言意向分数。研究二在研究一的基础上，以144名高校在校学生为被试样本，采用2（促进型调节聚焦vs.预防型调节聚焦）×2（积极特征框架vs.消极特征框架）的被试间实验设计，从认知的角度分别探讨情境类调节匹配和特质类调节匹配对建言影响的内部机制。研究二的结果显示，在情境类调节聚焦与特征框架形成的调节匹配中，调节匹配部分通过加工的易通性对建言产生影响；而在特质类调节匹配中，加工易通性在调节匹配与建言的关系中起完全中介作用。研究三将调节匹配与建言情境分离，使经过调节匹配操作的被试阅读不相关的建言情境进行决策，旨在探讨“正确感”的注意转移对调节匹配效应的调节作用。研究以352名在校学生为被试，采用2（调节匹配：匹配vs.不匹配）×2（注意的转移：控制组vs.注意转移组）的被试间设计。研究结果表明，情境类调节匹配中，在向被试呈现建言情境信息之前，将个体对“正确感”的注意转移到其真正的来源——调节匹配上，调节匹配对建言的影响会减弱，甚至出现微弱的反转；这样的现象也出现在特质类的调节匹配中。
总结而言，本研究验证了调节匹配对建言行为的影响。研究结果证实认知易通性在调节匹配与建言的关系中起着中介作用，无论是情境类调节匹配还是特质类调节匹配对建言行为有着相同的影响机制。此外，研究发现，调节匹配效应存在发生条件，当被试“正确感”的注意被转移时，调节匹配效应削弱，甚至不显著。研究结果不仅扩展了调节匹配效应的理论，也促进了调节匹配理论在建言行为领域的应用。
The research of voice behavior has been a research hotspot as the study of theorganizational citizenship behavior receives more attention. Voice behavior is achange-oriented, challenging and spontaneous decision-making behavior, which refers toimprove the organizational environment. There are a lot of researches about effects ofvoice’s factors, but lack of researches about self-regulate system. Based on the previousstudies, the paper used the way of experimental scenario to discuss the influence ofregulatory fit on voice behavior and to investigate its mechanism. The regulatory fitformed with different regulatory focus and attribute frame.
The paper includes three parts. Study1contains preliminary experiments and formalexperiments，using a sample of250college students. The study conducted a2(regulatoryfocus: promotion vs. prevention)×2(information attribute frame: positive vs. negative)between-subjects design to explore the effect of regulatory fit on voice behavior separatelyfrom two types of regulatory focus (situational regulatory focus and chronic regulatoryfocus). The results revealed that significant interactions between regulatory focus andinformation attribute frame on voice intention. Compared with regulatory nonfit condition,regulatory fit would promote subjects to make more voice. The results were both found insituational regulatory fit and chronic regulatory fit. Based on the first study, study2tried toexplore the mechanism between regulatory fit and voice from a cognitive perspective. Thestudy was a2(regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention)×2(information attribute frame:positive vs. negative) between-subjects design with144participants from college. Theresults of experiment2showed that the relationship between regulatory fit and voice waspartly mediated by ease of processing in situational regulatory fit condition. Meanwhile, inthe chronic regulatory fit condition, ease of processing also mediated the connectionbetween regulatory fit and voice. Aiming to discuss the moderating effect of attention shift on regulatory fit, study3kept the manipulation of regulatory fit separated from the voicesituation, and let participants make a decision after reading an unrelated situation of voice.Participants are352students from three different universities. In experiment3,participants’ attention of feeling right was drawn to its true sources prior to their receivingthe voice message. A2×2ANOVA yielded a significant interaction between regulatory fitand attention condition. Results revealed a significant difference between fit and nonfitcondition within the standard condition in situational regulatory fit, but the contrast withinthe attention to feeling right condition was not significant, and was slightly reversed. Samephenomenon was found in chronic regulatory fit. Taken together, attention conditionmoderated the effect of regulatory fit on voice intention.
Across three studies, both the regulatory fit based on situational regulatory focus andthe regulatory fit based on chronic regulatory focus have the same influence on voice, andhave the same cognitive mechanism. In addition, the study found the condition ofregulatory fit effect. The transfer of attention could weaken the regulatory fit effect. Theresults of this research not only extend the theories of regulatory fit, but also promote theapplication of regulatory fit in the field of voice.
本研究共分为三个部分，研究一通过预实验和正式实验，以250名高校在校学生为被试样本，采用2（促进型调节聚焦vs.预防型调节聚焦）×2（积极特征框架vs.消极特征框架）的被试间设计，分别探讨情境诱导类的调节聚焦以及特质类的调节聚焦与特征框架形成的调节匹配对建言的影响。结果表明，无论是情境类的调节匹配还是特质类的调节匹配都会对建言产生影响，与调节不匹配相比，调节匹配组的被试有更高的建言意向分数。研究二在研究一的基础上，以144名高校在校学生为被试样本，采用2（促进型调节聚焦vs.预防型调节聚焦）×2（积极特征框架vs.消极特征框架）的被试间实验设计，从认知的角度分别探讨情境类调节匹配和特质类调节匹配对建言影响的内部机制。研究二的结果显示，在情境类调节聚焦与特征框架形成的调节匹配中，调节匹配部分通过加工的易通性对建言产生影响；而在特质类调节匹配中，加工易通性在调节匹配与建言的关系中起完全中介作用。研究三将调节匹配与建言情境分离，使经过调节匹配操作的被试阅读不相关的建言情境进行决策，旨在探讨“正确感”的注意转移对调节匹配效应的调节作用。研究以352名在校学生为被试，采用2（调节匹配：匹配vs.不匹配）×2（注意的转移：控制组vs.注意转移组）的被试间设计。研究结果表明，情境类调节匹配中，在向被试呈现建言情境信息之前，将个体对“正确感”的注意转移到其真正的来源——调节匹配上，调节匹配对建言的影响会减弱，甚至出现微弱的反转；这样的现象也出现在特质类的调节匹配中。
总结而言，本研究验证了调节匹配对建言行为的影响。研究结果证实认知易通性在调节匹配与建言的关系中起着中介作用，无论是情境类调节匹配还是特质类调节匹配对建言行为有着相同的影响机制。此外，研究发现，调节匹配效应存在发生条件，当被试“正确感”的注意被转移时，调节匹配效应削弱，甚至不显著。研究结果不仅扩展了调节匹配效应的理论，也促进了调节匹配理论在建言行为领域的应用。
The research of voice behavior has been a research hotspot as the study of theorganizational citizenship behavior receives more attention. Voice behavior is achange-oriented, challenging and spontaneous decision-making behavior, which refers toimprove the organizational environment. There are a lot of researches about effects ofvoice’s factors, but lack of researches about self-regulate system. Based on the previousstudies, the paper used the way of experimental scenario to discuss the influence ofregulatory fit on voice behavior and to investigate its mechanism. The regulatory fitformed with different regulatory focus and attribute frame.
The paper includes three parts. Study1contains preliminary experiments and formalexperiments，using a sample of250college students. The study conducted a2(regulatoryfocus: promotion vs. prevention)×2(information attribute frame: positive vs. negative)between-subjects design to explore the effect of regulatory fit on voice behavior separatelyfrom two types of regulatory focus (situational regulatory focus and chronic regulatoryfocus). The results revealed that significant interactions between regulatory focus andinformation attribute frame on voice intention. Compared with regulatory nonfit condition,regulatory fit would promote subjects to make more voice. The results were both found insituational regulatory fit and chronic regulatory fit. Based on the first study, study2tried toexplore the mechanism between regulatory fit and voice from a cognitive perspective. Thestudy was a2(regulatory focus: promotion vs. prevention)×2(information attribute frame:positive vs. negative) between-subjects design with144participants from college. Theresults of experiment2showed that the relationship between regulatory fit and voice waspartly mediated by ease of processing in situational regulatory fit condition. Meanwhile, inthe chronic regulatory fit condition, ease of processing also mediated the connectionbetween regulatory fit and voice. Aiming to discuss the moderating effect of attention shift on regulatory fit, study3kept the manipulation of regulatory fit separated from the voicesituation, and let participants make a decision after reading an unrelated situation of voice.Participants are352students from three different universities. In experiment3,participants’ attention of feeling right was drawn to its true sources prior to their receivingthe voice message. A2×2ANOVA yielded a significant interaction between regulatory fitand attention condition. Results revealed a significant difference between fit and nonfitcondition within the standard condition in situational regulatory fit, but the contrast withinthe attention to feeling right condition was not significant, and was slightly reversed. Samephenomenon was found in chronic regulatory fit. Taken together, attention conditionmoderated the effect of regulatory fit on voice intention.
Across three studies, both the regulatory fit based on situational regulatory focus andthe regulatory fit based on chronic regulatory focus have the same influence on voice, andhave the same cognitive mechanism. In addition, the study found the condition ofregulatory fit effect. The transfer of attention could weaken the regulatory fit effect. Theresults of this research not only extend the theories of regulatory fit, but also promote theapplication of regulatory fit in the field of voice.
引文
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Ng, T. W. H.,&Feldman, D. C.(2012). Employee voice behavior: A meta-analytic test ofthe conservation of resources framework. Journal of Organizational Behavior,33,216-234.
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Tangirala, S.,&Ramanujam, R.(2008). Exploring nonlinearity in employee voice: theeffects of personal control and organization identification. Academy of ManagementJournal,51(6),1189-1203.
Tseng, H. C.,&Kang, L. M.(2008). How does regulatory focus affect uncertainty towardsorganizational change? Leadership and Organization Development Journal,29(8),713-731.
Tseng, H. C.,&Kang, L. M.(2009). Regulatory Focus, Transformational Leadership,Uncertainty towards Organizational Change, and Job Satisfaction: In a Taiwan’sCultural Setting. Asia Pacific Management Review,14(2),215-235.
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Van Dyne, L.,&LePine, J. A.(1998). Helping and voice extra-role behavior: evidence ofconstruct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal,41(1),108-119.
Venkataramani, V.,&Tangirala, S.(2010). When and why do central employees speak up?An examination of mediating and moderating variables. Journal of Applied Psychology,95(3),582-591.
Walumbwa, F. O.,&Schaubroeck, J.(2009). Leader personality traits and employee voicebehavior: Mediating roles of ethical leadership and work group psychological safety.Journal of Applied Psychology,94(5),1275-1286.
Wang, J.,&Lee, A. Y.(2006). The role of regulatory focus in preference construction.Journal of Marketing Research,43,28-38.
Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M.,&Pierce, J. R.(2008). Effects of task performance,helping, voice, and organizational loyalty on performance appraisal ratings. Journal ofApplied Psychology,93(1),125-139.
Whittlesea, Bruce W. A.(1993). Illusions of familiarity. Journal of ExperimentalPsychology: Learning, Memory,&Cognition,19(6),1235-1253.
Zhou, J.,&George, J. M.(2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouragingthe expression of voice. Academy of Management journal,44(4),682-696.
Zhao, G.,&Pechmann，C.(2007). The impact of regulatory focus on adolescents’response to antismoking advertising campaigns. Journal of Marketing Research,44,671一687.