摘要
地应力问题是工程地质、岩石力学及相关学科的一个重要研究领域。构造应
力是地应力的重要组成部分。对构造应力的研究不仅要确定构造应力的大小,还
要包括构造应力作用形式和方向的确定。构造应力作用形式和方向的确定也是进
一步初始地应力场回归计算的重要依据。详细了解构造应力的作用形式和方向对
隧洞的洞线确定、地下洞室的方位布置,地下洞室开挖方式等都具有参考价值。
目前构造应力作用研究还不能给出精确的解析解,其影响因素很多是模糊的。
本文提出依据实测地应力值用模糊综合评判方法研究构造应力作用形式和
组合。通过对地应力场构造应力场的研究,确定所有可能的构造应力场作用形式
和组合方案。根据地质勘测资料(岩性指标)和测量资料(地形、地貌),建立工程
区岩体有限元计算模型,然后将各种构造应力作用组合形式作为边界荷载条件,
利用有限元计算软件计算所有可能情况构造应力场作用形式和组合荷载情况下
的应力。将计算出的各测孔位置的应力矢量计入构造应力作用库中。建立模糊隶
属度函数,将实测地应力矢量与构造应力作用库中的进行比对,通过模糊综合评
判得出各种构造应力场作用形式和组合的隶属度,分析得到最接近真实情况的构
造应力场作用形式。
本文提出根据断层信息模糊综合评判构造应力作用形式和组合。断层是在岩
体中普遍存在的,断层信息(断层的走向、倾角及断距)不同程度上表征着构造
应力作用形式和组合,也是判断构造应力方向不可忽略的信息。本文根据其断层
走向与构造应力作用方向之间的关系,以走向作为评判因素集,构造应力荷载组
合形式为评语集,分别给出不同走向下每种组合形式的隶属度。最终在已知断层
信息的情况下,来综合判断该区域所属的最有可能构造应力组合形式。
模糊综合评判构造应力场作用形式和组合是一种行之有效的方法。通过对上
述两个内容的评判结果的相互印证,最终能够得出一个最接近实际的答案。模糊
综合评判得出的结果比以往凭经验判断更有依据、更可靠、更有说服力。
The In-situ stress problem is an important investigation area of engineering geology, rock
mechanics and relating disciplines. Tectonic Stress is an important constituent of ground
stress. To study on tectonic stress, not only its magnitude should be determined, but
also its action mode and direction. Determining the action mode and direction of
tectonic stress is an important basing for further initial in-situ stress field regress
calculating. Acknowledging the action mode and direction of tectonic stress has
reference merit in determining cave line, location and excavation mode. Now, the
precise analytical of tectonic stress can’t be given due to many fuzzy influent factors.
In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive appraising method, base on actual
measurement, is put forward to study the action form and combination scheme of
tectonic stress. The entire possible action form and combination scheme of tectonic
stress is determined by study on tectonic stress initial in-situ stress field. The finite
element model is found basing on geology reconnaissance and survey data. Then, the
stress of all possible action modes of tectonic stress is calculated with finite element
computer software by makes use of various tectonic stress combination form as
boundary loading condition. The results of every gaging hole are reckoned in tectonic
stress database. Founding the fuzzy subordinate function and comparing the actual
survey in-situ stress vector with tectonic stress in database, the subordinate degrees of
various tectonic stress action forms and combination are educed. Analyzing with these
degrees, the closest actual condition of tectonic stress action forms is got.
The fuzzy comprehensive appraisal of tectonic stress action forms and combination is
put forward base on fault information. The fault is universal existence in lithosome. To some
extent, the fault information attributes the tectonic stress action forms and combination and
is the need information to judge the direction of tectonic stress. According to the
relations between the strike fault and the direction of tectonic stress, the subordinate
degree of each combination form of difference strike, whose appraisal factor set is
strike and comment set is load combination form of tectonic stress, is given. In the
end, the most possible load combination form of tectonic stress, which belong to one
area, is comprehensively appraisal under the condition of known fault information.
Analyzing with above method gets the closest actual condition solution. The result shows that
the outcome of fuzzy comprehensive appraisal is more reliable and convince than judging with
experience. Therefore, the fuzzy comprehensively appraisal method is an effective means
in appraising the tectonic stress action form and combination and can be used in
engineering practice.
引文
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