青岛地铁交叠隧道施工力学响应与地面建筑变形控制研究
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摘要
城市地铁新线隧道近距离穿越既有隧道是城市地铁网络化中的施工的难点和重要研究课题,本文以青岛市区地铁为工程背景,采用正交数值模拟试验和理论分析相结合的方法,分析了新隧道穿越既有隧道时,地表、交叠区岩柱、隧道围岩和衬砌的受力状态和变形特征,优选出了既反映工程变形特征又便于操作的八项控制指标,并对各指标的敏感影响因素进行了分析排序；提出了青岛市区新隧道穿越时,既有隧道衬砌拱底变形槽最大沉降量的计算公式和新隧道穿越时既有隧道衬砌拱底变形槽曲线反弯点处的沉降量和最大下沉坡度角的计算公式；分析了青岛地铁1、2号线上的典型交叠工程施工引起的地表变形的基本特征和地面建筑结构内力变化基本规律,取得了与开挖过程相关的地面变形和建筑结构内力变化规律的系列特征参数,模拟了不同地层、不同开挖方式、不同加固方案的交叠隧道开挖过程中的力学响应,分析了变形机、破坏机理和特征。进而探讨了不同地层条件和地面环境中的开挖工艺和支护方法,提出了青岛地铁交叠隧道施工时,围岩稳定控制和建筑物保护指导思想、监控参数、开挖方式和加固方案。
During the constuction of urban subway network,it was difficult to build new metro line when it passed across the existing tunnel,which was also an important reseach subject.Based on Qingdao Metro Project,the stress condition and deformation characteristics of ground surface,rock pillar in the overlapped zone,surrounding rock and tunnel lining were analyzed with the combination of orthogonal numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.Then eight indexes,which can not only reflect deformation characteristics but also be easily operated,were optimized,and sensitive affectors of each index were analyzed and ranked;The calculation formulas for maximum sedimentation,maximum slope angle of subsidence and settlement at the point of changing curve at the arched bottom of existing tunnel-lining's groove were put forward when new metro line passed across the existing one.The basic feature of surface deformation and the internal force variation of surface buildings caused by the construction of classical overlappped tunnel which were NO1 and No2 line of Qingdao metro were analyzed,then a series of characteristic parameters which may reflect the basic feature law mentioned above were obtained,mechanical response of the overlapped tunnels construction was simulated under different strata,excavations and reinforcement schemes,then features of deformation and destuction mechanism were analyzed.And the excavation technics and supporting methods were discussed under different strata and ground environments.Finally,suggestions for Qingdao Overlappped Tunnel Construction were put forward,such as guidelines which included stability-control of the surrounding rock and protection of the buildings,monitoring parameters,excavation method and reinforcement scheme.
During the constuction of urban subway network,it was difficult to build new metro line when it passed across the existing tunnel,which was also an important reseach subject.Based on Qingdao Metro Project,the stress condition and deformation characteristics of ground surface,rock pillar in the overlapped zone,surrounding rock and tunnel lining were analyzed with the combination of orthogonal numerical simulation and theoretical analysis.Then eight indexes,which can not only reflect deformation characteristics but also be easily operated,were optimized,and sensitive affectors of each index were analyzed and ranked;The calculation formulas for maximum sedimentation,maximum slope angle of subsidence and settlement at the point of changing curve at the arched bottom of existing tunnel-lining's groove were put forward when new metro line passed across the existing one.The basic feature of surface deformation and the internal force variation of surface buildings caused by the construction of classical overlappped tunnel which were NO1 and No2 line of Qingdao metro were analyzed,then a series of characteristic parameters which may reflect the basic feature law mentioned above were obtained,mechanical response of the overlapped tunnels construction was simulated under different strata,excavations and reinforcement schemes,then features of deformation and destuction mechanism were analyzed.And the excavation technics and supporting methods were discussed under different strata and ground environments.Finally,suggestions for Qingdao Overlappped Tunnel Construction were put forward,such as guidelines which included stability-control of the surrounding rock and protection of the buildings,monitoring parameters,excavation method and reinforcement scheme.
引文
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21. Netzel, H.2003. Review of the tensile strain method for predicting building damage due to ground movements. (Re)Claiming the Underground Space, Saveur(ed.)Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse:997-998
22. A.M. Muir Wood. The circular tunnel in elastic ground. Geotechnique.1975,25(1)
23. J.P. Carter, J.R. Booker, S.K.Yeung. Cavity expansion in cohesive frictional soils.Geotechnique,1986,36(3)
24. C.Sagasta. Analysis of undrained soil deformation due to ground loss. Geotechnique,1987,37(3)
25. A.Verrujt, J.R.Booker. Surface settlements due to deformation of a tunnel in an elastic half plane. Geotechnique,1996,46(4)
26.徐永福.隧道盾构施工对周围土体扰动影响的研究.同济大学&上海隧道工程股份有限公司博士后研究工作报告.2005
27. Attewell, P. B., J. Yeates & A. R.Selby.1986. Soil movements induced by tunneling and their effects on pipelines and structures. Blackie, Glasgow and London. Published in the USA by Chapman and Hall. New York
28. Chen, B. & Wen, Z.2003. Elastic-plastic analysis for the effect of longitudinal uneven settlement on shield tunnel. (Re)Claiming the Underground Space, Saveur(ed.) Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse:969-974
29. R.B.Peck. Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground, State of the Art Report [A]. Proc.7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering [C], Mexico City, 1969,225-290
30.刘建航,侯学渊.盾构隧道[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,1991：329-394
31.关保树,国兆林.隧道及地下工程[M].成都：西南交通大学出版社.2000
32. E.S.limau, H.Duddeck & Ahrens. Two-and Three-dimensional Analysis of Close Spaced Double-tube Tunnels. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology,1993,8(1):453-458
33. Yamaguchi, I.Yamaaki, Y. Kirilani. Study of Ground-Tunnel Interactions of Four Shield Tunnels Driven in Close Proximity, in Relation to Design and Construction of Parallel Shield Tunnels. Tunneling and Underground Space Technology.1998,13(3):289-304
34.唐仪兴,张玉军.近距离双隧道开挖与支护的稳定性有限元计算[J].岩土力学.1999,20(1)：78-91.
35.张连凯,张海波,李刚.长距离叠交隧道施工过程三维有限元模拟研究.力学季刊.2005,26(3)：416-421
36.陈先国,王显军.近距离重叠隧道的二维和三维有限元分析[J].西南交通大学学报2003,38(6)：644-647
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