产品工艺信息处理的模板化机制研究及应用
摘要
随着企业工艺信息化建设的逐步深入,企业对实用化系统的需求,不再是局限于它能解决企业里工艺人员的卡片填写问题,考虑更多的是在整个产品制造过程中,工艺信息的产生、流动以及有效的管理和维护。通过建立模板化机制,可以方便产品工艺信息的存取,实现工艺信息的规范化管理,同时对于产品工艺信息的集成具有重要的现实意义。本文在探讨产品工艺信息的模板化机制的实现的基础上,为CAPP系统提供可扩展的智能化工具,主要包括以下内容:
为了建立工艺信息对象与工艺卡片内容之间的映射关系,需要建立工艺信息的模板化机制。通过分析工艺信息本身以及工艺信息之间的内在联系,研究工艺模板的组成内容与实现方法。模板化机制有利于工艺信息的组织和管理,以及与其它系统的集成;基于模板的工艺信息批量获取。针对企业发展过程中积累的工艺信息,研究基于模板的工艺信息批量获取,建立规范化、标准化、完善的工艺信息,构建工艺文件结构树。通过基于模板的工艺信息批量获取,产品工艺信息的层次结构清晰,便于产品工艺信息的组织和工艺文件的管理;
基于工艺模板的上下文感知技术。针对CAPP系统中存在的大量人机交互,提出基于工艺模板的上下文感知技术,即利用模板化机制,根据具体的上下文,从工艺知识库中智能搜索出相应的工艺知识,从而增强CAPP系统中制定工艺信息时的智能辅助功能。
在上述研究的基础上,结合几家企业的实例,针对企业提出的问题,在通用的InteCAPP系统平台上,利用系统提供的二次开发接口实现企业的定制开发,在模板化机制的基础上,实现工艺信息制定的上下文感知功能。
With the gradual development of enterprise’s information construction, the demand for CAPP system of enterprises, no longer confine to its solving the problem that technologist fill in the craft card, it considers to be mostly creation, flow, effective management and maintenance of process information in the whole process of product manufacturing. Through the construction of template mechanism, CAPP can easily input and output of product process information, realize the standardization of product process information management, at the same time, can integrate the information with other system. So this thesis first discuss the implementation of template mechanism in product process information, then provide CAPP with intelligent tool which can be expanded in future based on the template mechanism. Then, some key problems should be discussed in the thesis.
For establishing the mapping relation between process information objects and process card contents, it is necessary to establish the template mapping mechanism of Process information. Through analyzing process information and the inside association among process information, study on the composing content and actual conforming method. The template mechanism is useful to organize and manage process information, and integrate with other system;
Study on the batch input of product process information based on template mechanism. For utilizing the existent process information in the development of enterprise, study on the batch input of product process information based on template mechanism, CAPP can construct standardized, unified and integrated process information, and construct configuration tree of process files. By this means, hierarchy of product process information is very clear, and it is helpful to organize product process information and manage process files;
Study on context awareness based on process template. Aiming at a great deal of interactive between human and computer in CAPP system, it is proposed that context awareness based on process template. That is to say, by using template mechanism, according to temporal context, CAPP searches the correspondent process knowledge from process knowledge database. By this means it can enforce the intelligent assistant function when technologist set down process information.
On the basis of above theoretical achievement, linking with several enterprise instances, aiming at problems put forward by enterprise, by utilize the second development interface of InteCAPP system, realize custom development for enterprise, enforce the context awareness function based on template mechanism.
为了建立工艺信息对象与工艺卡片内容之间的映射关系,需要建立工艺信息的模板化机制。通过分析工艺信息本身以及工艺信息之间的内在联系,研究工艺模板的组成内容与实现方法。模板化机制有利于工艺信息的组织和管理,以及与其它系统的集成;基于模板的工艺信息批量获取。针对企业发展过程中积累的工艺信息,研究基于模板的工艺信息批量获取,建立规范化、标准化、完善的工艺信息,构建工艺文件结构树。通过基于模板的工艺信息批量获取,产品工艺信息的层次结构清晰,便于产品工艺信息的组织和工艺文件的管理;
基于工艺模板的上下文感知技术。针对CAPP系统中存在的大量人机交互,提出基于工艺模板的上下文感知技术,即利用模板化机制,根据具体的上下文,从工艺知识库中智能搜索出相应的工艺知识,从而增强CAPP系统中制定工艺信息时的智能辅助功能。
在上述研究的基础上,结合几家企业的实例,针对企业提出的问题,在通用的InteCAPP系统平台上,利用系统提供的二次开发接口实现企业的定制开发,在模板化机制的基础上,实现工艺信息制定的上下文感知功能。
With the gradual development of enterprise’s information construction, the demand for CAPP system of enterprises, no longer confine to its solving the problem that technologist fill in the craft card, it considers to be mostly creation, flow, effective management and maintenance of process information in the whole process of product manufacturing. Through the construction of template mechanism, CAPP can easily input and output of product process information, realize the standardization of product process information management, at the same time, can integrate the information with other system. So this thesis first discuss the implementation of template mechanism in product process information, then provide CAPP with intelligent tool which can be expanded in future based on the template mechanism. Then, some key problems should be discussed in the thesis.
For establishing the mapping relation between process information objects and process card contents, it is necessary to establish the template mapping mechanism of Process information. Through analyzing process information and the inside association among process information, study on the composing content and actual conforming method. The template mechanism is useful to organize and manage process information, and integrate with other system;
Study on the batch input of product process information based on template mechanism. For utilizing the existent process information in the development of enterprise, study on the batch input of product process information based on template mechanism, CAPP can construct standardized, unified and integrated process information, and construct configuration tree of process files. By this means, hierarchy of product process information is very clear, and it is helpful to organize product process information and manage process files;
Study on context awareness based on process template. Aiming at a great deal of interactive between human and computer in CAPP system, it is proposed that context awareness based on process template. That is to say, by using template mechanism, according to temporal context, CAPP searches the correspondent process knowledge from process knowledge database. By this means it can enforce the intelligent assistant function when technologist set down process information.
On the basis of above theoretical achievement, linking with several enterprise instances, aiming at problems put forward by enterprise, by utilize the second development interface of InteCAPP system, realize custom development for enterprise, enforce the context awareness function based on template mechanism.
引文
[1] 赵汝嘉,孙波. 计算机辅助工艺设计(CAPP). 北京: 机械工业出版社. 2003.
[2] 张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,田锡天. 现代 CAPP 技术与应用. 西安:西北工业大学出版社. 2003.
[3] 戴同. CAD/CAPP/CAM 基础教程. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1996.
[4] 肖伟跃. CAPP 中的智能信息处理技术. 湖南长沙:国防科技大学出版社. 2002.
[5] 黄乃康. CAPP 技术发展现状与趋势. 计算机辅助设计与制造. 2001(5): 3~5.
[6] Ham, S.C.Y.Lu. Computer-aided Process Planning: the Present and the Future, CIRP Ann, 1998,37(2):591~601.
[7] Elmaraghy H A. Evolution and Future Perspectives of CAPP. Annals of CIRP. 1993,42(2): 739~751.
[8] 孙朝阳,高国安,吕民,佟振博. 基于产品的 CAPP 的方法研究. 计算机集成制造系统)CIMS 2004,10(4): 437~441.
[9] 张振明,黄乃康,桓永兴,孔宪光,许建新. 面向产品的 CAPP 方法论及其智能化概念体系 中国机械工程, 2000,11(7): 760~763.
[10] 黄乃康,张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,樊其瑾. CAPP 技术发展的新阶段与智能化工艺信息系统(IPIS)构想. 机械科学与技术, 2000,19(7): 631~634.
[11] CHANG P T, CHANG C H. An integrated artificial intelligent computer aided process planning system. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2000,13(6): 483-497.
[12] CAY F, CHASSAPIS C. An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process planning research. Computers in Industry, 1997,34(3): 307-337.
[13] ZHAO Fu liang, WU P S Y. Acooperative framework for process planning. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999,12(2): 168-178.
[14] KHOSHNEVIS B, SORMAZ D N. An integrated process planning system using feature reasoning and space search-based optimization. IIE Transactions, 1999,31(7): 597-616.
[15] SORMAZ D N, KHOSHNEVIS B. Modeling of manufacturing feature interactions for automated process planning. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2000,19(1): 28-45.
[16] SORMAZ D N, KHOSHNEVIS B. Process planning knowledge representation using an object-oriented data model. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1997,10(1-4): 92-104.
[17] Kiritsis D. A Review of Knowledge-based Expert Systems for Process Planning: Methods and Problems. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1995(10): 240~ 262.
[18] Luscombe A M. et al. A Geometrical Approach to Computer Aided Process Planning for Computer-controlled Machine Tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1996(11): 83~90.
[19] Van Zeir G, et al. A Taxonomy for Interactive and Blackboard Based CAPP. Proc International Conference on Manufactiuring Automation. HongKong 1997,4(1): 188~195.
[20] Kamrani A K, et al. Critical Issues in Design and Evaluation of Computer Aided Process Planning System. Computers in Ind Engng, 1995,29(1-4): 619~623.
[21] 万立,杨煜俊,刘清华,陈立平. 集成化工艺信息管理系统 InteCAPP 的研究与开发. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2004,16(11): 1617~1622.
[22] 陈永府,黄正东,陈钢. 中性工艺信息模型研究. 机械科学与技术, 2004,23(8): 1001~1004.
[23] 罗劲,李培根,朱海平等. CAPP 系统工艺信息库管理技术. 制造业自动化, 2001,23(12): 21~23.
[24] 李顺彬. 以产品结构为核心的工艺信息模型研究[硕士学位论文]. 华中科技大学, 2002.
[25] 乔建明. 面向工艺信息化 CAPP 技术的研究[博士学位论文. 西北工业大学, 2001.
[26] 黄强,林兰芬,董金祥. 面向对象的工艺信息集成系统 GS_CAPP, 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 13(7):642~646.
[27] 翟昕,刘成颖,苏海洋. CAPP 中工艺卡片的处理. 现代制造工程,2002,(4):21~23.
[28] 张振明,桓永兴,孔宪光等. CAPPFramework 设计与实现. 机械科学与技术, 2000,19(5): 837~842.
[29] 张绍润,常明,李春花. 面向组件重构的工艺信息模型的研究. 计算机与现代化, 2003,92(4): 1~3.
[30] 孙丽,王秀伦,王丽颖. 原型法机理与工艺生成模式的研究. 机械工程学报, 2002,38(6): 97~101.
[31] 高伟,殷国富,成尔京. 机械制造工艺序列中的知识发现方法研究. 机械工程学报, 2004,40(5): 121-130.
[32] 杨英. 人机协同工艺设计系统研究. 兵工自动化, 2001,20(2): 43-45.
[33] 颉潭成,段明德,刘耀,王先逵,刘成颖. 钣金件人机协同式智能化 CAPP 系统的研究与开发. 机械制造, 2000,38(4).
[34] Weiser Mark. The computers for the twenty-first century. Scientific American, 1991, 265(3): 94~104.
[35] Abowd Gregory D, Mynatt Elizabeth D. Charting past, present and future research on ubiquitous computing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2000, 7(1): 29 ~ 58.
[36] 岳玮宁,董士海,王悦,汪国平,王衡,陈文广. 普适计算的人机交互框架研究. 计算机学报, 2004,27(12): 642-646.
[37] 冯海波,田丰,栾尚敏,戴国忠. 交互技术在手写公式编辑中的应用. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003,15(11): 1437-1442.
[38] 岳玮宁,王悦,汪国平,王衡,董士海. 基于上下文感知的智能交互系统模型. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2005,17(1): 74-79.
[39] 葛友华,廖文和,周儒荣等. 通用 CAPP 系统结构及其实现方法. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2000, (8): 455~460.
[40] Ming X G, Mak K L, Yan J Q. A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 1998,14(5/6) :347~361.
[41] 郑章,程刚,张勇. Visual C++6.0 数据库开发技术. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999.
[42] 杨浩广. Visual C++6.0 数据库开发学习教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2000.
[43] 文必龙,邵庆. 开放数据库互联(ODBC)技术与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 1997.
[44] Corry, Mayfield, Cadman[美]著, 刘云,孔雷译. COM/DCOM 编程指南. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000.
[45] 潘爱民. COM 原理与应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999.
[46] Guy Eddon, Henry Eddon. Inside COM+ Base Services. Microsoft Press, 2000.
[2] 张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,田锡天. 现代 CAPP 技术与应用. 西安:西北工业大学出版社. 2003.
[3] 戴同. CAD/CAPP/CAM 基础教程. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1996.
[4] 肖伟跃. CAPP 中的智能信息处理技术. 湖南长沙:国防科技大学出版社. 2002.
[5] 黄乃康. CAPP 技术发展现状与趋势. 计算机辅助设计与制造. 2001(5): 3~5.
[6] Ham, S.C.Y.Lu. Computer-aided Process Planning: the Present and the Future, CIRP Ann, 1998,37(2):591~601.
[7] Elmaraghy H A. Evolution and Future Perspectives of CAPP. Annals of CIRP. 1993,42(2): 739~751.
[8] 孙朝阳,高国安,吕民,佟振博. 基于产品的 CAPP 的方法研究. 计算机集成制造系统)CIMS 2004,10(4): 437~441.
[9] 张振明,黄乃康,桓永兴,孔宪光,许建新. 面向产品的 CAPP 方法论及其智能化概念体系 中国机械工程, 2000,11(7): 760~763.
[10] 黄乃康,张振明,许建新,贾晓亮,樊其瑾. CAPP 技术发展的新阶段与智能化工艺信息系统(IPIS)构想. 机械科学与技术, 2000,19(7): 631~634.
[11] CHANG P T, CHANG C H. An integrated artificial intelligent computer aided process planning system. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2000,13(6): 483-497.
[12] CAY F, CHASSAPIS C. An IT view on perspectives of computer aided process planning research. Computers in Industry, 1997,34(3): 307-337.
[13] ZHAO Fu liang, WU P S Y. Acooperative framework for process planning. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 1999,12(2): 168-178.
[14] KHOSHNEVIS B, SORMAZ D N. An integrated process planning system using feature reasoning and space search-based optimization. IIE Transactions, 1999,31(7): 597-616.
[15] SORMAZ D N, KHOSHNEVIS B. Modeling of manufacturing feature interactions for automated process planning. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 2000,19(1): 28-45.
[16] SORMAZ D N, KHOSHNEVIS B. Process planning knowledge representation using an object-oriented data model. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing,1997,10(1-4): 92-104.
[17] Kiritsis D. A Review of Knowledge-based Expert Systems for Process Planning: Methods and Problems. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1995(10): 240~ 262.
[18] Luscombe A M. et al. A Geometrical Approach to Computer Aided Process Planning for Computer-controlled Machine Tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol, 1996(11): 83~90.
[19] Van Zeir G, et al. A Taxonomy for Interactive and Blackboard Based CAPP. Proc International Conference on Manufactiuring Automation. HongKong 1997,4(1): 188~195.
[20] Kamrani A K, et al. Critical Issues in Design and Evaluation of Computer Aided Process Planning System. Computers in Ind Engng, 1995,29(1-4): 619~623.
[21] 万立,杨煜俊,刘清华,陈立平. 集成化工艺信息管理系统 InteCAPP 的研究与开发. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2004,16(11): 1617~1622.
[22] 陈永府,黄正东,陈钢. 中性工艺信息模型研究. 机械科学与技术, 2004,23(8): 1001~1004.
[23] 罗劲,李培根,朱海平等. CAPP 系统工艺信息库管理技术. 制造业自动化, 2001,23(12): 21~23.
[24] 李顺彬. 以产品结构为核心的工艺信息模型研究[硕士学位论文]. 华中科技大学, 2002.
[25] 乔建明. 面向工艺信息化 CAPP 技术的研究[博士学位论文. 西北工业大学, 2001.
[26] 黄强,林兰芬,董金祥. 面向对象的工艺信息集成系统 GS_CAPP, 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2001, 13(7):642~646.
[27] 翟昕,刘成颖,苏海洋. CAPP 中工艺卡片的处理. 现代制造工程,2002,(4):21~23.
[28] 张振明,桓永兴,孔宪光等. CAPPFramework 设计与实现. 机械科学与技术, 2000,19(5): 837~842.
[29] 张绍润,常明,李春花. 面向组件重构的工艺信息模型的研究. 计算机与现代化, 2003,92(4): 1~3.
[30] 孙丽,王秀伦,王丽颖. 原型法机理与工艺生成模式的研究. 机械工程学报, 2002,38(6): 97~101.
[31] 高伟,殷国富,成尔京. 机械制造工艺序列中的知识发现方法研究. 机械工程学报, 2004,40(5): 121-130.
[32] 杨英. 人机协同工艺设计系统研究. 兵工自动化, 2001,20(2): 43-45.
[33] 颉潭成,段明德,刘耀,王先逵,刘成颖. 钣金件人机协同式智能化 CAPP 系统的研究与开发. 机械制造, 2000,38(4).
[34] Weiser Mark. The computers for the twenty-first century. Scientific American, 1991, 265(3): 94~104.
[35] Abowd Gregory D, Mynatt Elizabeth D. Charting past, present and future research on ubiquitous computing. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 2000, 7(1): 29 ~ 58.
[36] 岳玮宁,董士海,王悦,汪国平,王衡,陈文广. 普适计算的人机交互框架研究. 计算机学报, 2004,27(12): 642-646.
[37] 冯海波,田丰,栾尚敏,戴国忠. 交互技术在手写公式编辑中的应用. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003,15(11): 1437-1442.
[38] 岳玮宁,王悦,汪国平,王衡,董士海. 基于上下文感知的智能交互系统模型. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2005,17(1): 74-79.
[39] 葛友华,廖文和,周儒荣等. 通用 CAPP 系统结构及其实现方法. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2000, (8): 455~460.
[40] Ming X G, Mak K L, Yan J Q. A PDES/STEP-based information model for computer-aided process planning. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 1998,14(5/6) :347~361.
[41] 郑章,程刚,张勇. Visual C++6.0 数据库开发技术. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 1999.
[42] 杨浩广. Visual C++6.0 数据库开发学习教程. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2000.
[43] 文必龙,邵庆. 开放数据库互联(ODBC)技术与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 1997.
[44] Corry, Mayfield, Cadman[美]著, 刘云,孔雷译. COM/DCOM 编程指南. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2000.
[45] 潘爱民. COM 原理与应用. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1999.
[46] Guy Eddon, Henry Eddon. Inside COM+ Base Services. Microsoft Press, 2000.