开铁口机液压冲击器计算机仿真研究
摘要
液压冲击器是将液压能转换成机械冲击能的碎石工具,它被广泛应用于冶金、开矿、道路建设等行业,特别是开铁口机液压冲击器,在炼铁过程中起着重要作用。
鉴于我国液压冲击器依赖进口的现状,本文在研究国外先进液压冲击器基础上,基于对液压冲击器动态特性和性能仿真研究,对液压冲击器进行了设计研究,为液压冲击器结构设计和改进提供理论参考。
论文主要完成了如下工作：
(1)研究了HS571-GHN型液压冲击器结构,以及冲击机构工作原理,对主要零部件结构参数设计进行了研究。
(2)在MSC.Nastran平台下,完成了对液压冲击器动态特性分析,包括模态分析和瞬态响应分析。在模态分析中,获得了液压冲击器结构各阶模态振型和固有频率,研究了液压冲击器结构振动特性和刚性；在瞬态响应分析中,获得液压冲击器在冲击瞬间的位移、速度和加速度的响应特性。通过对液压冲击器动态特性研究,发现液压冲击器机头和机尾部分振动强烈,冲击时刻冲击惯性较大。动态特性研究为液压冲击器设计和结构改进提供理论基础。
(3)在Matlab平台下,完成了对液压冲击器冲击活塞运动学仿真研究和冲击活塞与缸体间隙、油液温升对冲击性能影响研究。推导了液压冲击器的冲击活塞运动学理论计算公式,对液压冲击器的输入流量与主要性能参数之间的关系进行了研究；同时,研究了冲击活塞与缸体间隙和油液温升对液压冲击器的冲击性能的影响,为液压冲击器的结构设计提供参考。
(4)在液压冲击器动态特性仿真和性能仿真研究基础上,对液压冲击器进行了结构改进设计。
计算机虚拟设计和仿真技术的应用,对液压冲击器设计和改进有着重要的意义,随着仿真技术的成熟,对液压冲击器设计和改进起到重要的作用。
Hydraulic impactor, which it transfer hydraulic energy into impact energy, is a kind of stone-broken equipment. It is widely used in metallurgy, mining, road construction and so on. Hydraulic impactor of tapping Machine plays a important role in ironlmaking.
The hydraulic impactor is relied on import in our country. It is meaningful to the hydraulic design and improvement that research the foreign hydraulic impactor. Dynamic characters and property simulation are done, then the hydraulic impactor is designed and improved. This work is benefited to the hydraulic impactor'a fault prediction and structure improvement theoretically.
(1) The impact structure's working principle of the HS571-GHN hydraulic impactor's is introduced. A few of some parts' and assemblies' parameter designs are paid attention.
(2) The hydraulic impactor's dynamic character, which is included model analysis and transient analysis, is studied by means of the MSC.Nastran software. The first ten vibration shapes and natural frequency are worked out by model analysis. The hydraulic impactor's vibration characters and stiffness are studied by the model analysis results, and further, the model analysis results provide theoretical basis for the hydraulic impactor's structure design and improvements. The impact time's displacement, velocity, acceleration are worked out by means of transient analysis. The structure's inertia is big, which is harmful to the parts' life.
(3) Hydraulic impactor's performance simulation is accomplished based on kinematics model on the platform of MATLAB. The relationship between the input flow and the main performance indexes are studied based on the simulation results. The influence to the impact's performances of the gap between the piston and the cylinder and the oil temperature rise are also studied. These discussions are benefit for the structure design arid improvements.
(4) Impactor's structure design and improvements are studied based on the dynamic characters and the performance simulation results.
Computer virtual design and simulation application play more and more important role in the design of the hydraulic impactor, especially as the FEA technology is widely used maturely, it is benefited for the structure's prediction design.
鉴于我国液压冲击器依赖进口的现状,本文在研究国外先进液压冲击器基础上,基于对液压冲击器动态特性和性能仿真研究,对液压冲击器进行了设计研究,为液压冲击器结构设计和改进提供理论参考。
论文主要完成了如下工作：
(1)研究了HS571-GHN型液压冲击器结构,以及冲击机构工作原理,对主要零部件结构参数设计进行了研究。
(2)在MSC.Nastran平台下,完成了对液压冲击器动态特性分析,包括模态分析和瞬态响应分析。在模态分析中,获得了液压冲击器结构各阶模态振型和固有频率,研究了液压冲击器结构振动特性和刚性；在瞬态响应分析中,获得液压冲击器在冲击瞬间的位移、速度和加速度的响应特性。通过对液压冲击器动态特性研究,发现液压冲击器机头和机尾部分振动强烈,冲击时刻冲击惯性较大。动态特性研究为液压冲击器设计和结构改进提供理论基础。
(3)在Matlab平台下,完成了对液压冲击器冲击活塞运动学仿真研究和冲击活塞与缸体间隙、油液温升对冲击性能影响研究。推导了液压冲击器的冲击活塞运动学理论计算公式,对液压冲击器的输入流量与主要性能参数之间的关系进行了研究；同时,研究了冲击活塞与缸体间隙和油液温升对液压冲击器的冲击性能的影响,为液压冲击器的结构设计提供参考。
(4)在液压冲击器动态特性仿真和性能仿真研究基础上,对液压冲击器进行了结构改进设计。
计算机虚拟设计和仿真技术的应用,对液压冲击器设计和改进有着重要的意义,随着仿真技术的成熟,对液压冲击器设计和改进起到重要的作用。
Hydraulic impactor, which it transfer hydraulic energy into impact energy, is a kind of stone-broken equipment. It is widely used in metallurgy, mining, road construction and so on. Hydraulic impactor of tapping Machine plays a important role in ironlmaking.
The hydraulic impactor is relied on import in our country. It is meaningful to the hydraulic design and improvement that research the foreign hydraulic impactor. Dynamic characters and property simulation are done, then the hydraulic impactor is designed and improved. This work is benefited to the hydraulic impactor'a fault prediction and structure improvement theoretically.
(1) The impact structure's working principle of the HS571-GHN hydraulic impactor's is introduced. A few of some parts' and assemblies' parameter designs are paid attention.
(2) The hydraulic impactor's dynamic character, which is included model analysis and transient analysis, is studied by means of the MSC.Nastran software. The first ten vibration shapes and natural frequency are worked out by model analysis. The hydraulic impactor's vibration characters and stiffness are studied by the model analysis results, and further, the model analysis results provide theoretical basis for the hydraulic impactor's structure design and improvements. The impact time's displacement, velocity, acceleration are worked out by means of transient analysis. The structure's inertia is big, which is harmful to the parts' life.
(3) Hydraulic impactor's performance simulation is accomplished based on kinematics model on the platform of MATLAB. The relationship between the input flow and the main performance indexes are studied based on the simulation results. The influence to the impact's performances of the gap between the piston and the cylinder and the oil temperature rise are also studied. These discussions are benefit for the structure design arid improvements.
(4) Impactor's structure design and improvements are studied based on the dynamic characters and the performance simulation results.
Computer virtual design and simulation application play more and more important role in the design of the hydraulic impactor, especially as the FEA technology is widely used maturely, it is benefited for the structure's prediction design.
引文
[1]钟达权.液压冲击器的CAx集成研究：[硕士学位论文].云南：昆明理工大学,2008
[2]高澜庆.液压凿岩机理论、设计与应用.北京：机械工业出版社,1997
[3]李书忠.不破不立-液压破碎锤产品集锦.工程机械,2004,(5)：32～35
[4]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[5]王维华.国外液压凿岩机.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1987
[6]李大诒.有阀液压凿岩机有关问题的探讨.北京钢铁学院院报,1980,(3)：9～18
[7]杨襄璧.液压凿岩机的评价指标-抽象设计变量.凿岩机械气动工具,1993,(2)：2-10
[8l陈定远.液压凿岩机冲击机构参数分析.有色金属(矿山部分),1983,(2)：28～31
[9]槌极口正雄等.油压连续打击机构动作解析.日本机械学会讲演论文集,1976
[10]北京钢铁学院矿机教研室.液压凿岩机活塞运动规律的电子计算机模拟研究.北京钢铁学院学报,1980,(8)：10～16
[11]何清华.液压凿岩机冲击器数字仿真研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,1983
[12]何清华.液压冲击机构的回油和回油蓄能器.中南工业大学学报,1986,(3)：47～54
[13]段晓宏.液压凿岩机高压蓄能器研究.凿岩机械气动工具,1986,(3)：6-16
[14]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[15]廖义德.液压凿岩机防空打缓冲装置的理论与实验研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南工业大学,1988
[16]田文元,邱长伍等.液压凿岩机活塞与缸体之间间隙的设计计算.机床与液压,2003,(1)：205～206
[17]朱兴良,张业辉.液压凿岩机冲击活塞的研究与开发.机车车辆工艺,1997,(4)：37～39
[18]杨国平,刘忠等.新型液压破碎锤先导式配流阀的仿真研究.机械科学与技术2001,(11)：836-838
[19]蔡黎明,隆泗等.液压冲击器的活塞结构设计研究.矿山机械,2006,(5)：29～30
[20]田文元,蔡光起等.液压凿岩机配油阀运动行程的设计计算.煤矿机械,2003,(5)：8-10
[21]刘忠.新型液压冲击机械设计理论：[博士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2001
[22]崔萍.高炉开口机钻具优化及系统仿真：[硕士学位论文].山东：山东大学,2009
[23]傅志方.振动模态分析及参数辨别.北京：机械工业出版社,1990
[24]叶玉喜.发动机结构系统瞬态响应仿真研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2009
[25]杨旭东,张世联.有限元分析结构瞬态响应中的结构阻尼问题.中国海洋平台,2004,(6)：30～34
[26]杜平安等.有限元法：原理、建模及应用.北京：国防工业出版社,2004
[27]张峰NX Nastran基础分析指南.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[28]杨士岭等.济钢1号高炉液压开口机的改造.世界钢铁,2010,(3)：18～21
[29]林红.机电一体化的液压冲击器控制系统研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008
[30]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[31]吴万荣等.基于AMESim的新型数字控制液压冲击器的仿真.机械制造与研究,2008,(3)：105～107
[32]徐必勇等.基于Simulink/Stateflow的液压冲击器混合建模与仿真.建筑机械,2009,(2)：55～59
[33]苗淑杰等.液压冲击器的虚拟样机设计分析.内燃机,2007,(1)：3-5
[34]李传昌,杨国平.液压冲击器迷宫密封的设计研究与仿真分析.机床与液压,2010,(12)：37～39
[35]陈孝忠、陈定远.液压碎石器冲击机构计算机仿真研究.凿岩机械气动工具,1987,(4)：16～21
[36]Richard L Bullock. Industry-wide Trend Toward All-Hydraulically Powered Rock Drill. Mining Congress Journal,1974,VOL 60,NO: 54-65
[37]Leonard E Bensch. A Modern Review of Field Contamination Levels Based on Analyses of 25,000 Samples Technical Report# 402. Pacific Scientifical Company
[38]Hustrulid W.A, Fairburst C.A. theoretical and experimental study of the percussive drilling of rock, part1 2, Rock Mech.Min.Sci.1971,(8):311-326
[39]景晖等.基于有限元的弹簧试验机偏心轮模态分析.机械设计与制造,2011,(8)：184～185
[40]欧江.基于有限元的立式电机机座的瞬态响应分析.机械研究与应用,2006,(10)：42～43
[41]周爱国等.应用Hypermworks的高速旋转支撑架模态及应力分析.现代制造工程,2011,(2)：76-80
[42]孙辉,王吉忠等.微型车驱动桥壳结构强度与模态分析.机械设计与制造,2011,(8)：219～221
[43]Lundberg B. some basic problem in percussive rock destruction. Swenden Chalmers University of Tech, Gothenberg, 1971
[44]Karlsson L G et. Experimental study of a percussive process for rock fragmentation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr, 1989,26(1)
[45]Giuffrida Antonio, Laforgia Domenico. Modeling and simulation of a hydraulic breaker. International Journal of Fluid Power, 2005(2)
[46]丁问司.液压冲击器性能气压测试法分析.振动、测试与诊断,2010,8.(4)：371～374
[47]杨国平,柴睿.液压冲击器活塞损坏的主要形式及原因分析.金属热处理,2008,(35)：105～107
[48]柴睿.液压冲击器的只能控制系统研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2009
[49]魏仁胜.液压旋转冲击加压器的动态设计：[硕士学位论文].天津：天津大学2008
[50]呼咏.钻头自回转型潜孔锤研究及仿真分析：[博士士学位论文].吉林：吉林大学,2007
[2]高澜庆.液压凿岩机理论、设计与应用.北京：机械工业出版社,1997
[3]李书忠.不破不立-液压破碎锤产品集锦.工程机械,2004,(5)：32～35
[4]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[5]王维华.国外液压凿岩机.北京：煤炭工业出版社,1987
[6]李大诒.有阀液压凿岩机有关问题的探讨.北京钢铁学院院报,1980,(3)：9～18
[7]杨襄璧.液压凿岩机的评价指标-抽象设计变量.凿岩机械气动工具,1993,(2)：2-10
[8l陈定远.液压凿岩机冲击机构参数分析.有色金属(矿山部分),1983,(2)：28～31
[9]槌极口正雄等.油压连续打击机构动作解析.日本机械学会讲演论文集,1976
[10]北京钢铁学院矿机教研室.液压凿岩机活塞运动规律的电子计算机模拟研究.北京钢铁学院学报,1980,(8)：10～16
[11]何清华.液压凿岩机冲击器数字仿真研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,1983
[12]何清华.液压冲击机构的回油和回油蓄能器.中南工业大学学报,1986,(3)：47～54
[13]段晓宏.液压凿岩机高压蓄能器研究.凿岩机械气动工具,1986,(3)：6-16
[14]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[15]廖义德.液压凿岩机防空打缓冲装置的理论与实验研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南工业大学,1988
[16]田文元,邱长伍等.液压凿岩机活塞与缸体之间间隙的设计计算.机床与液压,2003,(1)：205～206
[17]朱兴良,张业辉.液压凿岩机冲击活塞的研究与开发.机车车辆工艺,1997,(4)：37～39
[18]杨国平,刘忠等.新型液压破碎锤先导式配流阀的仿真研究.机械科学与技术2001,(11)：836-838
[19]蔡黎明,隆泗等.液压冲击器的活塞结构设计研究.矿山机械,2006,(5)：29～30
[20]田文元,蔡光起等.液压凿岩机配油阀运动行程的设计计算.煤矿机械,2003,(5)：8-10
[21]刘忠.新型液压冲击机械设计理论：[博士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2001
[22]崔萍.高炉开口机钻具优化及系统仿真：[硕士学位论文].山东：山东大学,2009
[23]傅志方.振动模态分析及参数辨别.北京：机械工业出版社,1990
[24]叶玉喜.发动机结构系统瞬态响应仿真研究：[硕士学位论文].重庆：重庆大学,2009
[25]杨旭东,张世联.有限元分析结构瞬态响应中的结构阻尼问题.中国海洋平台,2004,(6)：30～34
[26]杜平安等.有限元法：原理、建模及应用.北京：国防工业出版社,2004
[27]张峰NX Nastran基础分析指南.北京：清华大学出版社,2005
[28]杨士岭等.济钢1号高炉液压开口机的改造.世界钢铁,2010,(3)：18～21
[29]林红.机电一体化的液压冲击器控制系统研究：[硕士学位论文].上海：上海交通大学,2008
[30]高双锋.液压冲击器中管路蓄能效应的研究：[硕士学位论文].湖南：中南大学,2007
[31]吴万荣等.基于AMESim的新型数字控制液压冲击器的仿真.机械制造与研究,2008,(3)：105～107
[32]徐必勇等.基于Simulink/Stateflow的液压冲击器混合建模与仿真.建筑机械,2009,(2)：55～59
[33]苗淑杰等.液压冲击器的虚拟样机设计分析.内燃机,2007,(1)：3-5
[34]李传昌,杨国平.液压冲击器迷宫密封的设计研究与仿真分析.机床与液压,2010,(12)：37～39
[35]陈孝忠、陈定远.液压碎石器冲击机构计算机仿真研究.凿岩机械气动工具,1987,(4)：16～21
[36]Richard L Bullock. Industry-wide Trend Toward All-Hydraulically Powered Rock Drill. Mining Congress Journal,1974,VOL 60,NO: 54-65
[37]Leonard E Bensch. A Modern Review of Field Contamination Levels Based on Analyses of 25,000 Samples Technical Report# 402. Pacific Scientifical Company
[38]Hustrulid W.A, Fairburst C.A. theoretical and experimental study of the percussive drilling of rock, part1 2, Rock Mech.Min.Sci.1971,(8):311-326
[39]景晖等.基于有限元的弹簧试验机偏心轮模态分析.机械设计与制造,2011,(8)：184～185
[40]欧江.基于有限元的立式电机机座的瞬态响应分析.机械研究与应用,2006,(10)：42～43
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[42]孙辉,王吉忠等.微型车驱动桥壳结构强度与模态分析.机械设计与制造,2011,(8)：219～221
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