大承载能力连铸钢包回转台主要结构优化
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摘要
连铸机作为钢铁生产中间环节的重型设备,对提高钢产量起着十分重要的作用。钢包回转台是连铸机的组成部分,它是钢包的支撑和承运设备。升降支臂是钢包回转台的主要工作部件。国内大承载能力钢包回转台全部依靠引进,因此对大承载能力钢包回转台升降支臂的计算与研究,对国内自主设计大承载能力钢包回转台具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文主要利用有限元方法及ANSYS软件对连铸机钢包回转台升降支臂进行了强度计算及结构优化设计,研究结果对升降支臂的设计具有一定的指导意义。
本文主要作了以下工作:
(1)升降支臂主要承受冲击载荷作用,因此本文首先对设计中的动载荷冲击系数进行理论研究,得出了比较科学和符合实际的计算方法。
(2)忽略焊接缺陷对结构强度的影响,在SolidWorks中按零件对升降支臂进行实体建模,利用通用的Pararsolid参数实体文件格式将实体模型导入ANSYS中,使用solid 45单元对模型进行自由网格划分,根据升降支臂周围构件的冲击力,对模型施加合理的边界条件,并考虑重力的影响,进行升降支臂的变形和应力计算,得到冲击力作用下升降支臂的变形和应力分布规律。
(3)建立了升降支臂优化设计模型,根据实际工作情况确定了约束条件,在对升降支臂分段进行受力分析的基础上,求解出优化过程所需的方程;根据升降支臂优化数学模型使用Matlab优化函数fmincon,编写了优化程序,并对升降支臂进行优化计算;为了验证优化结果的正确性,根据优化结果修改初始模型,对优化后模型进行有限元强度计算;最后对优化前后的模型进行了比较分析。通过对升降支臂的结构优化设计,使升降支臂在满足强度和刚度的条件下,质量减轻了13.5%,取得了较好的优化结果。
Continuous casting machine heavy equipment as part of the middle of steel production,to increase steel production plays a very important role.Ladle turret as an integral part of continuous casting machine is the equipment of supporting and carrying ladle.Arm is the main working parts of ladle turret.The domestic large carrying capacity ladle turret all rely on imports,therefore arm of large carrying capacity ladle turret calculation and research to have the important theory significance and practical value of domestic designing the large carrying capacity ladle turret.This article mainly has carded on the strength calculation and the structure optimization design using the finite element method and the ANSYS software to the arm of ladle turret.Research findings on the design of the arm have certain significance.
The main research works are as follows:
First,the arm mainly to bear the impact load.So this first design of the impact coefficient for theoretical research shows that more scientific and realistic method of calculation.
Second,overlooked welding defects on the impact of structural strength,in accordance with the Solidworks parts of the arm entity modeling,using a common tile format Pararsolid parameter entities will import ANSYS entity model.The use of solid 45 units of the model of free grid Division,in accordance with the arm around the impact of components,the model impose reasonable boundary conditions,and to consider the impact of gravity,carrying on the calculation of deformation and stress of the arm,be under the impact of the role of the arm getting deformation and stress distribution of the arm.
Last,the optimal design model of the arm is established,based on the actual work of the identified constraints.On the basis of analyzing sub-mechanical of the arm,a solution is finded to the optimize process of the equation.Under the arm optimize the mathematical model,using Matlab function fmincon,the preparation of the optimization process,the arm movements to optimize computing.In order to verify the accuracy of optimization results,according to optimize the results of amending the initial model,the optimal model is calculated for finite element strength.The last the optimization model is analyzed for comparative.Through the arm of the structural optimization and design, the ann to meet the strength and rigidity of conditions,reducing the quality of the 13.5 percent achieved a better optimization of results.
本文主要作了以下工作:
(1)升降支臂主要承受冲击载荷作用,因此本文首先对设计中的动载荷冲击系数进行理论研究,得出了比较科学和符合实际的计算方法。
(2)忽略焊接缺陷对结构强度的影响,在SolidWorks中按零件对升降支臂进行实体建模,利用通用的Pararsolid参数实体文件格式将实体模型导入ANSYS中,使用solid 45单元对模型进行自由网格划分,根据升降支臂周围构件的冲击力,对模型施加合理的边界条件,并考虑重力的影响,进行升降支臂的变形和应力计算,得到冲击力作用下升降支臂的变形和应力分布规律。
(3)建立了升降支臂优化设计模型,根据实际工作情况确定了约束条件,在对升降支臂分段进行受力分析的基础上,求解出优化过程所需的方程;根据升降支臂优化数学模型使用Matlab优化函数fmincon,编写了优化程序,并对升降支臂进行优化计算;为了验证优化结果的正确性,根据优化结果修改初始模型,对优化后模型进行有限元强度计算;最后对优化前后的模型进行了比较分析。通过对升降支臂的结构优化设计,使升降支臂在满足强度和刚度的条件下,质量减轻了13.5%,取得了较好的优化结果。
Continuous casting machine heavy equipment as part of the middle of steel production,to increase steel production plays a very important role.Ladle turret as an integral part of continuous casting machine is the equipment of supporting and carrying ladle.Arm is the main working parts of ladle turret.The domestic large carrying capacity ladle turret all rely on imports,therefore arm of large carrying capacity ladle turret calculation and research to have the important theory significance and practical value of domestic designing the large carrying capacity ladle turret.This article mainly has carded on the strength calculation and the structure optimization design using the finite element method and the ANSYS software to the arm of ladle turret.Research findings on the design of the arm have certain significance.
The main research works are as follows:
First,the arm mainly to bear the impact load.So this first design of the impact coefficient for theoretical research shows that more scientific and realistic method of calculation.
Second,overlooked welding defects on the impact of structural strength,in accordance with the Solidworks parts of the arm entity modeling,using a common tile format Pararsolid parameter entities will import ANSYS entity model.The use of solid 45 units of the model of free grid Division,in accordance with the arm around the impact of components,the model impose reasonable boundary conditions,and to consider the impact of gravity,carrying on the calculation of deformation and stress of the arm,be under the impact of the role of the arm getting deformation and stress distribution of the arm.
Last,the optimal design model of the arm is established,based on the actual work of the identified constraints.On the basis of analyzing sub-mechanical of the arm,a solution is finded to the optimize process of the equation.Under the arm optimize the mathematical model,using Matlab function fmincon,the preparation of the optimization process,the arm movements to optimize computing.In order to verify the accuracy of optimization results,according to optimize the results of amending the initial model,the optimal model is calculated for finite element strength.The last the optimization model is analyzed for comparative.Through the arm of the structural optimization and design, the ann to meet the strength and rigidity of conditions,reducing the quality of the 13.5 percent achieved a better optimization of results.
引文
[1]杨拉道,谢东钢.常规板坯连铸技术.北京:冶金工业出版社.2002.
[2]Lohse,D A;Wiemer,H E.Developments in Continuous Casting of Steel.Productivity and Maintenance;Tokyo;Japan;16-20 Mar.1981.pp.99-126.1981
[3]Timokhin,O A.Ladle turret at continuous casterStal'(Russia).Vol.2,pp.48-52.Feb.2001
[4]唐田秋,陈利平,刘丛国.基于有限元分析的连铸机钢包回转台结构优化设计.重型机械.2004(6)
[5]夏云强,张雅各.异型坯连铸机钢包回转台旋转框架有限元分析.重型机械科技.2000(4)
[6]谢义武.钢包回转台受罐冲击系数理论计算分析.冶金设备.1998,107(2)
[7]李慧剑,谭文峰,唐庆远,张生宁.连杆式钢包回转台动载荷特性研究.钢铁.1996(10)
[8]曲庆章.钢包回转台结构强度分析.重型机械.1987(3)
[9]吴家龙.弹性力学.高等教育出版社.2001
[10]Courant R.Variational Methods for the Solution of Problems of Equilibrium and Vibrations.Bulletin Am.Math.Soc.Vol.49,1943:1-23
[11]Turner M J,Clough R W,Martin H C,Topp L C.Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures.J,Aero.SCI.,1956,23:805^823
[12]Clough RW.The Finite Element in Plane Stress Analysis.Proc.20d ASCE Conf.On ElectronicComputation.1960.
[13]王瑁成.有限单元法.清华大学出版社.2003
[14]Ted Belyschko,Wing Kam liu,Brian Moran著,庄茁译.连续体和结构的非线性有限元.清华大学出版社.2002
[15]高琦,张小龙,谢东钢,杨拉道.钢包回转台动载荷系数理论计算分析.重型机械.2007(5)
[16]李富帅.钢包回转台强度计算中许用应力安全系数的确定.连铸.2007(3)
[17]Timokhin,O A.Ladle turret at continuous casterStal'(Russia).Vol.2,pp.48-52.Feb.2001
[18]曲庆章.钢包回转台结构强度分析.重型机械.1987(3)
[19]迟可伟,孙健,冯茂林.地下铲运机整机结构强度分析及实验研究.金属矿山.2006(3)
[20]雷知行.小方坯连铸机25T钢包回转台的研究.重型机械.1985(2)
[21]森肋良一.钢包回转台的结构分析.重型机械.1980(4)
[22]李振平 钢包回转台大臂裂纹仿真分析.东北大学硕士学位论文.1999
[23]罗跃纲,陈长征,曾海泉.钢包回转台大臂损伤诊断.重型机械.2001(1)
[24]李慧剑,谭文峰,唐庆远,张生宁.连杆式钢包回转台动载荷特性研究.钢铁.1996(10)
[25]Machak,T M.Ladle Turret Redesign.Iron Steel Eng.Vol.62,no.9,pp.13-16.Sept.1985
[26]郭在田.薄壁杆件的弯曲与扭转.中国建筑工业出版社.1989
[27]量检源.薄壁结构的扭转分析.中国铁道出版社.1983
[28]孙靖民,米成秋.机械结构优化设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1985
[29]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社.1989
[30]唐田秋,陈利平,刘丛国.基于有限元分析的连铸机钢包回转台结构优化设计.重型机械.2004(6)
[31]叶勇,朱若艳.基于有限元分析的结构优化设计方法.重型机械.2004(4)
[32]刘春大.方坯中间包结构优化.东北大学硕士学位论文.2006(2)
[33]徐新辉.基于ansys分析的龙门起重机箱型主梁优化设计.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005(3)
[34]本刊记者.创新引领SolidWorks.北京:CAD/CAM与制造业信息化 2002(7)
[35]黄鸿源,林锡榕.SolidWorks2001入门与实例应用.北京:北京大学出版社 2002
[36]赵汝嘉,曹岩.SolidWorks2001精通与提高篇.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[37]赵汝嘉.机械结构有限元分析.陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1990
[38]郑沛然.连续铸钢工艺及设备.北京:冶金工业出版社,1990
[39]陈家祥.连续铸钢手册.北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
[40]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用,北京水利水电出版社,1979.
[41]刘鸿文.材料力学.高等教育出版社,1999.
[42]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0有限元分析自学手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.1
[2]Lohse,D A;Wiemer,H E.Developments in Continuous Casting of Steel.Productivity and Maintenance;Tokyo;Japan;16-20 Mar.1981.pp.99-126.1981
[3]Timokhin,O A.Ladle turret at continuous casterStal'(Russia).Vol.2,pp.48-52.Feb.2001
[4]唐田秋,陈利平,刘丛国.基于有限元分析的连铸机钢包回转台结构优化设计.重型机械.2004(6)
[5]夏云强,张雅各.异型坯连铸机钢包回转台旋转框架有限元分析.重型机械科技.2000(4)
[6]谢义武.钢包回转台受罐冲击系数理论计算分析.冶金设备.1998,107(2)
[7]李慧剑,谭文峰,唐庆远,张生宁.连杆式钢包回转台动载荷特性研究.钢铁.1996(10)
[8]曲庆章.钢包回转台结构强度分析.重型机械.1987(3)
[9]吴家龙.弹性力学.高等教育出版社.2001
[10]Courant R.Variational Methods for the Solution of Problems of Equilibrium and Vibrations.Bulletin Am.Math.Soc.Vol.49,1943:1-23
[11]Turner M J,Clough R W,Martin H C,Topp L C.Stiffness and Deflection Analysis of Complex Structures.J,Aero.SCI.,1956,23:805^823
[12]Clough RW.The Finite Element in Plane Stress Analysis.Proc.20d ASCE Conf.On ElectronicComputation.1960.
[13]王瑁成.有限单元法.清华大学出版社.2003
[14]Ted Belyschko,Wing Kam liu,Brian Moran著,庄茁译.连续体和结构的非线性有限元.清华大学出版社.2002
[15]高琦,张小龙,谢东钢,杨拉道.钢包回转台动载荷系数理论计算分析.重型机械.2007(5)
[16]李富帅.钢包回转台强度计算中许用应力安全系数的确定.连铸.2007(3)
[17]Timokhin,O A.Ladle turret at continuous casterStal'(Russia).Vol.2,pp.48-52.Feb.2001
[18]曲庆章.钢包回转台结构强度分析.重型机械.1987(3)
[19]迟可伟,孙健,冯茂林.地下铲运机整机结构强度分析及实验研究.金属矿山.2006(3)
[20]雷知行.小方坯连铸机25T钢包回转台的研究.重型机械.1985(2)
[21]森肋良一.钢包回转台的结构分析.重型机械.1980(4)
[22]李振平 钢包回转台大臂裂纹仿真分析.东北大学硕士学位论文.1999
[23]罗跃纲,陈长征,曾海泉.钢包回转台大臂损伤诊断.重型机械.2001(1)
[24]李慧剑,谭文峰,唐庆远,张生宁.连杆式钢包回转台动载荷特性研究.钢铁.1996(10)
[25]Machak,T M.Ladle Turret Redesign.Iron Steel Eng.Vol.62,no.9,pp.13-16.Sept.1985
[26]郭在田.薄壁杆件的弯曲与扭转.中国建筑工业出版社.1989
[27]量检源.薄壁结构的扭转分析.中国铁道出版社.1983
[28]孙靖民,米成秋.机械结构优化设计.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.1985
[29]陈宝林.最优化理论与算法.北京:清华大学出版社.1989
[30]唐田秋,陈利平,刘丛国.基于有限元分析的连铸机钢包回转台结构优化设计.重型机械.2004(6)
[31]叶勇,朱若艳.基于有限元分析的结构优化设计方法.重型机械.2004(4)
[32]刘春大.方坯中间包结构优化.东北大学硕士学位论文.2006(2)
[33]徐新辉.基于ansys分析的龙门起重机箱型主梁优化设计.武汉理工大学硕士学位论文.2005(3)
[34]本刊记者.创新引领SolidWorks.北京:CAD/CAM与制造业信息化 2002(7)
[35]黄鸿源,林锡榕.SolidWorks2001入门与实例应用.北京:北京大学出版社 2002
[36]赵汝嘉,曹岩.SolidWorks2001精通与提高篇.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[37]赵汝嘉.机械结构有限元分析.陕西:西安交通大学出版社,1990
[38]郑沛然.连续铸钢工艺及设备.北京:冶金工业出版社,1990
[39]陈家祥.连续铸钢手册.北京:冶金工业出版社,1991
[40]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用,北京水利水电出版社,1979.
[41]刘鸿文.材料力学.高等教育出版社,1999.
[42]邓凡平.ANSYS10.0有限元分析自学手册.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.1