变速恒频恒压无刷双馈电机风力发电系统的研究
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摘要
在能源消耗日益增长、环境污染日渐严重的今天，在当今对可再生能源的开发利用中，风能由于其突出的优点而成为世界各国普遍重视的能源，风力发电技术也成为各国学者竞相研究的热点。而其中变速恒频风力发电技术因其高效性和实用性正受到越来越多的重视。
无刷双馈电机是一种结构简单、坚固可靠、异同步通用的电机，可在无刷情况下实现双馈。它具有功率因数可调、高效率的特点，比较适用于变速恒频恒压发电系统中。
本文在传统风力发电的基础上，致力于研究变速恒频风力发电技术，以作为变速恒频风力发电机用的笼型转子型式的无刷双馈电机为主要研究对象，进行了深入的研究，主要包括以下几方面：
1．对国内外风力发电研究现状作了较为全面的综述，介绍了无刷双馈电机发展概况和国内外研究现状。
2．研究了无刷双馈电机的原型及发展，基本结构和运行原理，电磁设计特点。解释了将无刷双馈电机应用于变速恒频风力发电的可行性和优越性。探讨了无刷双馈电机的特性。
3．首次推导了适用于变速恒频风力发电无刷双馈电机的功率控制数学模型提出无刷双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的功率控制策略。通过仿真分析验证了模型和控制策略的正确性。
4．研究了无刷双馈电机作变速恒频风力发电机运行时的定子功率绕组磁链定向矢量控制策略。
5．在总结无刷双馈电机传统各种控制策略的基础上，探讨了智能控制在无刷双馈电机的应用。通过仿真分析验证了模糊功率因数控制策略的正确性。
Now, energy sources consume increasing daily and environment empoison being serious gradually, in the exploitation for the renewable energy source, wind power is paid great attention by more and more countries because of its stand out excellence, The wind power generation technology also become research hotspot of many country's scholar. And the variable-speed constant-frequency(vscf) generation technology is paid attention more and more for its high efficiency and practicability.
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM), with simple structure and favorable reliability, has gained renewed attention in variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications in recent years for it features adjustable power factor and high efficiency.
In this paper, based on the traditional wind power generation, the variable-speed constant-frequency generation technology is mainly research, a comprehensive research on the BDFM with cage rotor used in the variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation. The following items are include:
1. Summarize the research status of the wind power generation, introduce the history and developing future of and BDFM.
2. The prototype of BDFM and its development are investigated, study in detail the principal of BDFM design feathers, the feasibility and superiority for BDFM used in the variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications is explained
3. The variable-speed constant-frequency generation BDFM wind power generation power control mathematic model is firstly derived, and its power control strategy is found. Computer simulation is given to verify this power control strategy.
4. this paper has analyzed the stator flux oriented vector control strategy and mathematic model of the BDFM as vscf wind power generator .
5. Having analyzed the BDFM control strategies, the intelligent control Strategy on the BDFM control is studied. Computer simulation is given to verify this fuzzy power factor control strategy
无刷双馈电机是一种结构简单、坚固可靠、异同步通用的电机，可在无刷情况下实现双馈。它具有功率因数可调、高效率的特点，比较适用于变速恒频恒压发电系统中。
本文在传统风力发电的基础上，致力于研究变速恒频风力发电技术，以作为变速恒频风力发电机用的笼型转子型式的无刷双馈电机为主要研究对象，进行了深入的研究，主要包括以下几方面：
1．对国内外风力发电研究现状作了较为全面的综述，介绍了无刷双馈电机发展概况和国内外研究现状。
2．研究了无刷双馈电机的原型及发展，基本结构和运行原理，电磁设计特点。解释了将无刷双馈电机应用于变速恒频风力发电的可行性和优越性。探讨了无刷双馈电机的特性。
3．首次推导了适用于变速恒频风力发电无刷双馈电机的功率控制数学模型提出无刷双馈电机变速恒频风力发电系统的功率控制策略。通过仿真分析验证了模型和控制策略的正确性。
4．研究了无刷双馈电机作变速恒频风力发电机运行时的定子功率绕组磁链定向矢量控制策略。
5．在总结无刷双馈电机传统各种控制策略的基础上，探讨了智能控制在无刷双馈电机的应用。通过仿真分析验证了模糊功率因数控制策略的正确性。
Now, energy sources consume increasing daily and environment empoison being serious gradually, in the exploitation for the renewable energy source, wind power is paid great attention by more and more countries because of its stand out excellence, The wind power generation technology also become research hotspot of many country's scholar. And the variable-speed constant-frequency(vscf) generation technology is paid attention more and more for its high efficiency and practicability.
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM), with simple structure and favorable reliability, has gained renewed attention in variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications in recent years for it features adjustable power factor and high efficiency.
In this paper, based on the traditional wind power generation, the variable-speed constant-frequency generation technology is mainly research, a comprehensive research on the BDFM with cage rotor used in the variable-speed constant-frequency wind power generation. The following items are include:
1. Summarize the research status of the wind power generation, introduce the history and developing future of and BDFM.
2. The prototype of BDFM and its development are investigated, study in detail the principal of BDFM design feathers, the feasibility and superiority for BDFM used in the variable-speed constant-frequency generator applications is explained
3. The variable-speed constant-frequency generation BDFM wind power generation power control mathematic model is firstly derived, and its power control strategy is found. Computer simulation is given to verify this power control strategy.
4. this paper has analyzed the stator flux oriented vector control strategy and mathematic model of the BDFM as vscf wind power generator .
5. Having analyzed the BDFM control strategies, the intelligent control Strategy on the BDFM control is studied. Computer simulation is given to verify this fuzzy power factor control strategy
引文
[1] 王承煦，张源．风力发电．北京：中国电力出版社，2003，1-15
[2] 肖劲松，倪维斗．世界风力发电的回顾及前瞻．风力发电，1996，(2)：41-43
[3] 周篁，吴昌伦．我国可再生能源发展现状与展望．新能源，1997，19 (10)：41-43
[4] 叶杭冶．风力发电机组的控制技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2002，1-1
[5] 孙玉明，王宏平．国内外风机的发展现状及—拖公司发展风机的前景．机械产品与科技，2000，(4)：5-7
[6] 王克成，余达太．双馈电动机的参数自适应定子磁链观测器及其稳定性．电气传动，2001，31 (4)：17-20
[7] 胡峰，孙国基，卫军胡．动态系统计算机仿真技术综述(Ⅰ)—仿真模型．计算机仿真，2000，17(1)：1-11
[8] Lars Henrik Hansen, Lars Helle, Frede Blaabjerg, et al. Conceptual survey of generators and power electronics for wind turbines. Risφ National Laboratory, Denmark, 2001 : 105-109
[9] 吴运东．世界并网型风电机技术发展趋势．新能源，2000，22 (8)：31-34
[10] 王文举．交流励磁发电机输出电力谐波抑制：[浙江大学博士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2001，25-30
[11] 潘文霞，陈允平，沈祖诒．风力发电机的发展现状．中小型电机，2001，28 (4)：38-41
[12] L.J. Hunt. The Cascade Induction Motor. J.IEE. 1914, 5 (2): 406-426
[13] A.R.W. Broadway. Brushless Cascade Alternator. Proc. IEE. 1974, 12 (1): 1529-1534
[14] Michael S. Boger, Alan K. Wallace and Rene Spee. Investigation of Application Pole Combination for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines Applied to Pump Drives. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1996, 32(1): 189-194
[15] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee. Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems. 1995, 23 (4) :703-715
[16] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Two-axis Model Development of
Cage-rotor Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Trans Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3): 445-452
[17] Dongsheng Zhou, and R. Spee. Synchronous Frame Model and Decoupled Control Development for Doubly-fed Machines. Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Electronics Specialist Conference, PESC'94:1229-1236
[18] D. Zhou, R. Spee, and Gerald C. Alexander. Experimental Evaluation of a Rotor Flux Oriented Control Algorithm for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1997, 12 (1): 72-78
[19] W.R. Brassfield, Rene. Spee and T. G. Habetler. Direct Torque Control for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. In: 1992 Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting. 1992:615-622
[20] Huang Shoudao, Weiyan, Lin Youjie. Fuzzy-Based Power Factor Control For Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines. In:WCICA Paper, 2002:587-591
[21] Yifan Tang, Longya Xu. Vector control and fuzzy logic control of doubly fed variable speed drives with DSP implementation. IEEE trans. Energy Conversion 1995, 10(4), 661-668
[22] 章玮．无刷双馈电机的控制策略．中小型电机，2000，27 (6)：37-41
[23] D. Zhou, R. Spee and A. K. Wallace. Laboratory Control Implementation for Doubly-fed Machines. In:Proceedings of IECON'93-19th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. Control and Instrumentation, Maui, HI USA, 1993, 10(2): 1181-1186
[24] 杲爱卿，许善镇．双馈电机在风力发电中的应用．新能源，1997，19 (10)：12-14
[25] 张彦锋，潘再平，章玮等．无刷双馈电机的研究及应用前景．机电工程，1998，15(6)：55-60
[26] Maxime R. Dubois. Review of Electromechanical Conversion in Wind Turbines. Report EPP00.R03, 2000:191～196
[27] Alfredo Munoz-Garcia, and Thomas A.Lipo. Dual Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting. St Louis. Oct, 1998:601～608
[28] L.J. Hunt. A New Type of Induction Motor.J. IEE, 1907, 39 (4) :648-667
[29] 章玮，贺益康．无刷双馈电机的电磁结构分析．电工电能新技术，1999，18 (4)：9-13
[30] 杨顺昌．无刷双馈调速电机的绕组结构．电工技术学报，1996，11(2)：7-10
[31] 高景德，王祥衍，李发海．交流电机及其系统分析．北京：清华大学出版社，1993，8-33
[32] 王凤翔，张凤阁，白山等．一种异同步通用无刷交流电机的工作原理与运行特性．电工电能新技术，1995，(4)：1-5
[33] Robert E. Betz and Milutin G Jovanovic. Introduction to Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines - The Basic Equations. 1999:456-461
[34] Milutin G Jovanovic Power factor and inverter rating. A compromise in doubly fed reluctance machine drives, in: Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, 2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 475), London UK , 2000, (2):311-316
[35] M.G.Jovanovic, and R.E.Betz. Power factor control using brushless doubly fed reluctance machines. In :Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, 2000, (1):523-530
[36] M.G.Jovanovic, and R.E.Betz. Option Control for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines, http://www.newcastle.edu.au, 2001-10-11
[37] S. Williamson, A. C. Ferreira, A. K. Wallace. Generalized Theory of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine: Partl: Analysis. IEE Proc., Electrical Power Application, 1997, 144(2): 72-78
[38] 潘再平，章纬，卞松江．无刷双馈风力发电机的理论分析．新能源，2000，22 (7)：1-4
[39] 杨顺昌．无刷双馈电机的电磁设计特点．中国电机工程学报，2001，21(7)：107-110
[40] 章纬．无刷双馈电机电动状态下的能量分析．电机及其控制学报，2000，4 (2)：94-97
[41] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee. Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1995, 23 (2) :703-715
[42] 林友杰．无刷双馈电机及其智能控制：[湖南大学硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002，47-49
[43] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Dynamic Simulation of Brushless Doubly-fed Machines.IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3): 445-460
[44] 杨耕，陈伯时．交流感应电动机无速度传感器的高动态性能控制方法综述．
电气传动，2001，31 (3)：3-8
[45] R.E.Betz, B.J.Cook. Practical aspects of instantaneous power control of induction machines. In: Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, 2001, 10(3):1771-1778
[46] Scott Wade, Matthew W. Dunnigan, Barry W. Williams, Modeling and simulation of induction machine vector control with rotor resistance identification, IEEE trans. Power Electronics, 1997, 12(3): 495-505
[47] S. Williamson and A. C. Ferreira. Generalized Theory of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine. Part2: Model Verification and Performance. IEE Proc., Electrical Power Application, 1997, 144(2): 123-129
[48] 卞松江．变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究：[浙江大学博士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2003，113-128
[49] 黄守道，王耀南，黄科元等．无刷双馈电机转子磁场定向控制策略的研究．电工技术学报，2002，17 (2)：34-39
[50] 徐昕，李涛，伯晓晨 等．Matlab工具箱应用指南——控制工程篇．北京：电子工业出版社，2000，328-330
[51] 许洪华、倪受元．独立运行风电机组的最佳叶尖速比控制．太阳能学报，1998．19 (1)：30-35
[2] 肖劲松，倪维斗．世界风力发电的回顾及前瞻．风力发电，1996，(2)：41-43
[3] 周篁，吴昌伦．我国可再生能源发展现状与展望．新能源，1997，19 (10)：41-43
[4] 叶杭冶．风力发电机组的控制技术．北京：机械工业出版社，2002，1-1
[5] 孙玉明，王宏平．国内外风机的发展现状及—拖公司发展风机的前景．机械产品与科技，2000，(4)：5-7
[6] 王克成，余达太．双馈电动机的参数自适应定子磁链观测器及其稳定性．电气传动，2001，31 (4)：17-20
[7] 胡峰，孙国基，卫军胡．动态系统计算机仿真技术综述(Ⅰ)—仿真模型．计算机仿真，2000，17(1)：1-11
[8] Lars Henrik Hansen, Lars Helle, Frede Blaabjerg, et al. Conceptual survey of generators and power electronics for wind turbines. Risφ National Laboratory, Denmark, 2001 : 105-109
[9] 吴运东．世界并网型风电机技术发展趋势．新能源，2000，22 (8)：31-34
[10] 王文举．交流励磁发电机输出电力谐波抑制：[浙江大学博士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2001，25-30
[11] 潘文霞，陈允平，沈祖诒．风力发电机的发展现状．中小型电机，2001，28 (4)：38-41
[12] L.J. Hunt. The Cascade Induction Motor. J.IEE. 1914, 5 (2): 406-426
[13] A.R.W. Broadway. Brushless Cascade Alternator. Proc. IEE. 1974, 12 (1): 1529-1534
[14] Michael S. Boger, Alan K. Wallace and Rene Spee. Investigation of Application Pole Combination for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines Applied to Pump Drives. IEEE Trans. Industry Applications, 1996, 32(1): 189-194
[15] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee. Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems. 1995, 23 (4) :703-715
[16] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Two-axis Model Development of
Cage-rotor Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Trans Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3): 445-452
[17] Dongsheng Zhou, and R. Spee. Synchronous Frame Model and Decoupled Control Development for Doubly-fed Machines. Proceedings of 1994 IEEE Industry Electronics Specialist Conference, PESC'94:1229-1236
[18] D. Zhou, R. Spee, and Gerald C. Alexander. Experimental Evaluation of a Rotor Flux Oriented Control Algorithm for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, 1997, 12 (1): 72-78
[19] W.R. Brassfield, Rene. Spee and T. G. Habetler. Direct Torque Control for Brushless Doubly-fed Machines. In: 1992 Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Application Society Annual Meeting. 1992:615-622
[20] Huang Shoudao, Weiyan, Lin Youjie. Fuzzy-Based Power Factor Control For Brushless Doubly-Fed Machines. In:WCICA Paper, 2002:587-591
[21] Yifan Tang, Longya Xu. Vector control and fuzzy logic control of doubly fed variable speed drives with DSP implementation. IEEE trans. Energy Conversion 1995, 10(4), 661-668
[22] 章玮．无刷双馈电机的控制策略．中小型电机，2000，27 (6)：37-41
[23] D. Zhou, R. Spee and A. K. Wallace. Laboratory Control Implementation for Doubly-fed Machines. In:Proceedings of IECON'93-19th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. Control and Instrumentation, Maui, HI USA, 1993, 10(2): 1181-1186
[24] 杲爱卿，许善镇．双馈电机在风力发电中的应用．新能源，1997，19 (10)：12-14
[25] 张彦锋，潘再平，章玮等．无刷双馈电机的研究及应用前景．机电工程，1998，15(6)：55-60
[26] Maxime R. Dubois. Review of Electromechanical Conversion in Wind Turbines. Report EPP00.R03, 2000:191～196
[27] Alfredo Munoz-Garcia, and Thomas A.Lipo. Dual Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive. IEEE IAS Annual Meeting. St Louis. Oct, 1998:601～608
[28] L.J. Hunt. A New Type of Induction Motor.J. IEE, 1907, 39 (4) :648-667
[29] 章玮，贺益康．无刷双馈电机的电磁结构分析．电工电能新技术，1999，18 (4)：9-13
[30] 杨顺昌．无刷双馈调速电机的绕组结构．电工技术学报，1996，11(2)：7-10
[31] 高景德，王祥衍，李发海．交流电机及其系统分析．北京：清华大学出版社，1993，8-33
[32] 王凤翔，张凤阁，白山等．一种异同步通用无刷交流电机的工作原理与运行特性．电工电能新技术，1995，(4)：1-5
[33] Robert E. Betz and Milutin G Jovanovic. Introduction to Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines - The Basic Equations. 1999:456-461
[34] Milutin G Jovanovic Power factor and inverter rating. A compromise in doubly fed reluctance machine drives, in: Power Electronics and Variable Speed Drives, 2000. Eighth International Conference on (IEE Conf. Publ. No. 475), London UK , 2000, (2):311-316
[35] M.G.Jovanovic, and R.E.Betz. Power factor control using brushless doubly fed reluctance machines. In :Industry Applications Conference, 2000. Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE, 2000, (1):523-530
[36] M.G.Jovanovic, and R.E.Betz. Option Control for brushless doubly fed reluctance machines, http://www.newcastle.edu.au, 2001-10-11
[37] S. Williamson, A. C. Ferreira, A. K. Wallace. Generalized Theory of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine: Partl: Analysis. IEE Proc., Electrical Power Application, 1997, 144(2): 72-78
[38] 潘再平，章纬，卞松江．无刷双馈风力发电机的理论分析．新能源，2000，22 (7)：1-4
[39] 杨顺昌．无刷双馈电机的电磁设计特点．中国电机工程学报，2001，21(7)：107-110
[40] 章纬．无刷双馈电机电动状态下的能量分析．电机及其控制学报，2000，4 (2)：94-97
[41] A.K. Wallace, P. Rochelle, and R. Spee. Rotor modeling and development for brushless doubly-fed machines. Electric Machines and Power Systems, 1995, 23 (2) :703-715
[42] 林友杰．无刷双馈电机及其智能控制：[湖南大学硕士学位论文]．长沙：湖南大学，2002，47-49
[43] Ruqi Li, Alan Wallace and R. Spee. Dynamic Simulation of Brushless Doubly-fed Machines.IEEE Trans. Energy Conversion, 1991, 6(3): 445-460
[44] 杨耕，陈伯时．交流感应电动机无速度传感器的高动态性能控制方法综述．
电气传动，2001，31 (3)：3-8
[45] R.E.Betz, B.J.Cook. Practical aspects of instantaneous power control of induction machines. In: Industry Applications Conference, 2001. Thirty-Sixth IAS Annual Meeting. Conference Record of the 2001 IEEE, 2001, 10(3):1771-1778
[46] Scott Wade, Matthew W. Dunnigan, Barry W. Williams, Modeling and simulation of induction machine vector control with rotor resistance identification, IEEE trans. Power Electronics, 1997, 12(3): 495-505
[47] S. Williamson and A. C. Ferreira. Generalized Theory of the Brushless Doubly-fed Machine. Part2: Model Verification and Performance. IEE Proc., Electrical Power Application, 1997, 144(2): 123-129
[48] 卞松江．变速恒频风力发电关键技术研究：[浙江大学博士学位论文]．杭州：浙江大学，2003，113-128
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