积温对日光温室番茄生长发育效应的研究以及模型初探
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摘要
园艺作物生长模型及其新的发展形式“知识模型”是以园艺作物的定量化基础研究为基础的，只有明确园艺生长和产量形成的规律性、数理性的知识，建立园艺作物生理生态的数学模型和“知识模型”,才能实现园艺作物生产的动态模拟。本研究选择供应量大、有广阔市场前景的主要蔬菜品种之一番茄为代表园艺作物,探讨了日光温室内随着生理发育时间的延续番茄器官形态建成、干物质积累与分配、产量形成变化动态。为园艺作物生长模拟模型的构建和验证、智能化农业专家系统的建立提供有力的理论依据和数据支持。
本研究以中杂9号为试验材料，对番茄生长期间的日光温室环境温度、生长发育、干物质积累进行了观测。研究结果如下：
1以有效积温(生理发育时间)为驱动变量，研究了日光温室番茄叶片、叶面积指数、茎节、株高、茎粗、花穗、果穗、果实的发生发育及其消长动态。它们在整个生长期的变化动态被描述为分段函数。一部分器官生长发育趋势呈线性关系，另一部分器官生长发育趋势符合Logistic曲线。
2通过观测番茄生殖器官（蕾、花、果）的消长变化，初步建立了番茄生殖器官的消长动态模型。在此基础上初步建立了产量形成的数学模型。
3对番茄整个生长期干物质的变化也进行了分析和研究，用曲线拟合的方法建立了总干物质积累、不同器官的干物质积累以及不同器官的干物质分配指数变化的数学模型。通过曲线拟合可以看出不论是总干物质的积累还是不同器官的干物质积累、分配与生理发育时间之间均呈稍微倾斜的“S”型曲线。总干物质积累速度动态、不同器官的干物质积累速度动态在整个生长期呈现单峰曲线。
Horticultural crop growth model and its new developing style “knowledge model” based on qualitative research of horticultural crop. Only if defined the rule, qualitative knowledge of horticultural crop growth, yield formation and establish the model of physiological mathematics model, can the dynamic model of horticultural crop be realized.
In the exeriment, tomato was selected, which is one of vegetable species with a character of high level requirement and broad market prospects, as horticultural crop represent. The morphological formation, dry matter accumulation and allocation, yield formation were discussed. The research can provide powerful theory basis, scientific data and reference for establishment, validation of horticultural crop model and establishment of automatically agricultural expert system.
Zhongza No.9 was selected as experiment species of tomato. Enviorment temperature, tomato growth and development, dry matter accumulation were observed and measured in the whole tomato growth period. The results are as follows:
1 Effective accumulation temperature (Physiological development time) was selected as drive variable. Development and formation of tomato leaf, leaf area index, stem internode number, stem diameter, flower truss, fruit truss, fruit with the increasing of PT were discussed. Dynamical changes of tomato growth are described as partial function, some rules on tomato growth take on linear, others are some certain curves.
2 After measuring, observing, analyzing the development and formation of reproductive organ (bud, flower, fruit). The mathematical model of reproduvtive organ formation was initially established and the mathematical model of tomato was also established.
3 After analyzing and studying the changes of dry matter accumulation, allocation in the whole growth period. Mathematical model of total dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation in different organs, dry matter allocation index are established using a method of curve imitating. After imitating, not only total dry matter accumulation, but also dry matter accumulation and allocation in different organs all take on “S” curve. After mathematical analyzing, the dynamics of dry matter accumulation rate for total dry matter and dry matter allocation in different organs all take on “single peak” curve.
本研究以中杂9号为试验材料，对番茄生长期间的日光温室环境温度、生长发育、干物质积累进行了观测。研究结果如下：
1以有效积温(生理发育时间)为驱动变量，研究了日光温室番茄叶片、叶面积指数、茎节、株高、茎粗、花穗、果穗、果实的发生发育及其消长动态。它们在整个生长期的变化动态被描述为分段函数。一部分器官生长发育趋势呈线性关系，另一部分器官生长发育趋势符合Logistic曲线。
2通过观测番茄生殖器官（蕾、花、果）的消长变化，初步建立了番茄生殖器官的消长动态模型。在此基础上初步建立了产量形成的数学模型。
3对番茄整个生长期干物质的变化也进行了分析和研究，用曲线拟合的方法建立了总干物质积累、不同器官的干物质积累以及不同器官的干物质分配指数变化的数学模型。通过曲线拟合可以看出不论是总干物质的积累还是不同器官的干物质积累、分配与生理发育时间之间均呈稍微倾斜的“S”型曲线。总干物质积累速度动态、不同器官的干物质积累速度动态在整个生长期呈现单峰曲线。
Horticultural crop growth model and its new developing style “knowledge model” based on qualitative research of horticultural crop. Only if defined the rule, qualitative knowledge of horticultural crop growth, yield formation and establish the model of physiological mathematics model, can the dynamic model of horticultural crop be realized.
In the exeriment, tomato was selected, which is one of vegetable species with a character of high level requirement and broad market prospects, as horticultural crop represent. The morphological formation, dry matter accumulation and allocation, yield formation were discussed. The research can provide powerful theory basis, scientific data and reference for establishment, validation of horticultural crop model and establishment of automatically agricultural expert system.
Zhongza No.9 was selected as experiment species of tomato. Enviorment temperature, tomato growth and development, dry matter accumulation were observed and measured in the whole tomato growth period. The results are as follows:
1 Effective accumulation temperature (Physiological development time) was selected as drive variable. Development and formation of tomato leaf, leaf area index, stem internode number, stem diameter, flower truss, fruit truss, fruit with the increasing of PT were discussed. Dynamical changes of tomato growth are described as partial function, some rules on tomato growth take on linear, others are some certain curves.
2 After measuring, observing, analyzing the development and formation of reproductive organ (bud, flower, fruit). The mathematical model of reproduvtive organ formation was initially established and the mathematical model of tomato was also established.
3 After analyzing and studying the changes of dry matter accumulation, allocation in the whole growth period. Mathematical model of total dry matter accumulation, dry matter accumulation in different organs, dry matter allocation index are established using a method of curve imitating. After imitating, not only total dry matter accumulation, but also dry matter accumulation and allocation in different organs all take on “S” curve. After mathematical analyzing, the dynamics of dry matter accumulation rate for total dry matter and dry matter allocation in different organs all take on “single peak” curve.
引文
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