嵌入式SNMP代理的设计与实现
摘要
某通信接力机是专用通信网的关键设备,对它的管理至关重要。SNMP(Simple Network Management Protocol,简单网络管理协议)是互联网的标准管理协议。SNMPv3是SNMP协议的第三个版本,它引入了安全模块USM和访问控制模块VACM,大大加强了网络管理的安全性和可靠性。网络设备设计方面,嵌入式系统为首选。32位RISC ARM处理器和嵌入式操作系统是实现应用软件的良好平台。如何选择合理的软硬件平台,设计一个良好的通信接力机SNMPv3代理是本文研究的核心。
本文从系统实现的角度,对嵌入式SNMP代理系统实现方案进行深入研究。论文内容可分为三部分:
首先,嵌入式SNMP代理系统概述。该部分介绍了什么是嵌入式系统、嵌入式系统的特点和组成以及SNMP代理开发要求和开发方式。
其次,嵌入式系统设计,包括系统方案设计、硬件设计和嵌入式操作系统移植。考虑到项目要求并尽可能节约成本,该系统采用S3C2410处理器和嵌入式Linux操作系统。硬件方面,各单元模块在可允许范围内尽量简化、数目尽量减少并且大部分借鉴现成品的设计方式。嵌入式Linux操作系统由Boot Loader、Linux内核和文件系统组成。文中采用U-boot引导加载程序、Linux 2.4内核和ramdisk文件系统。U-boot程序提供smdk2410模板和一些常用器件、接口驱动,此外,笔者添加了SPI接口驱动。内核定制是一个裁减的过程,需要笔者选定恰当的功能模块,编译后得到内核映像。随后,将u-boot.bin、内核映像和文件系统烧写到Flash,完成嵌入式系统设计。
最后,代理软件设计。本文采用第三方工具AdventNet开发代理软件。笔者的主要任务:配置代理软件操作系统平台(OS和编辑器),文中选用Linux平台下多线程技术和Gcc编辑器;配置安全模型USM和访问控制模型VACM,各个MIB subTree(子树)采用不同的安全等级、参数和类型;配置消息处理模块,能够处理v1、v2c和v3消息。
实验证明,本代理系统基本满足项目要求,已经通过相关方面的课题验收,实际应用效果良好。
The communication-repeater is a key equipment of dedicated communication network, which is critical to the management. SNMP is the standard management protocol of Internet. SNMPv3 is the third edition of SNMP, which introduced security module USM and access control module VACM, enhancing the security and reliability of network management. Embedded system is the first choice of designing network equipment. 32-bits RISC ARM processor and embedded operating system is a good platform of software application. The paper’s research aims at two sides: one is hardware and software platform; the other is the reality of agent software. From the method of achieving, the paper makes a deep study of embedded SNMP agent, which can be divided into three parts.
The first part is the summarization of embedded SNMP agent, which consists of two aspects: one is the concept, characteristics and composition of embedded systems; the other is the requirements and mode of SNMP agent development.
The second part is the platform of embedded SNMP agent, including system selection, hardware design and transplantation of Linux operating system. Considering the requirements of the project and possible cost savings, S3C2410 processor and embedded Linux operating system is chosed as the platform. It is allowed to minimize the number of hardware module’s units. And the majority of hardware modules are finished. The last one is transplantation of embedded Linux operating system. The paper uses smdk2410 template from U-boot, adds driver of SPI interface, and customizes Linux 2.4 kernel. Finally, u-boot.bin, kernel image and file system image is written into flash.
The third part is the design of agent software. The paper uses third-party tools named AdventNet developing agent software. In a word, the author has two things. One is the configuration of operating system, such as multithreading technology, complier, linker, and so on. The other is the configuration of SNMP protocol, such as USM, VACM, message processing model, and so on.
As shown in experiment, the agent system meets the basic requirements of the project, and it has passed the relevant issue. The result of application is very good.
本文从系统实现的角度,对嵌入式SNMP代理系统实现方案进行深入研究。论文内容可分为三部分:
首先,嵌入式SNMP代理系统概述。该部分介绍了什么是嵌入式系统、嵌入式系统的特点和组成以及SNMP代理开发要求和开发方式。
其次,嵌入式系统设计,包括系统方案设计、硬件设计和嵌入式操作系统移植。考虑到项目要求并尽可能节约成本,该系统采用S3C2410处理器和嵌入式Linux操作系统。硬件方面,各单元模块在可允许范围内尽量简化、数目尽量减少并且大部分借鉴现成品的设计方式。嵌入式Linux操作系统由Boot Loader、Linux内核和文件系统组成。文中采用U-boot引导加载程序、Linux 2.4内核和ramdisk文件系统。U-boot程序提供smdk2410模板和一些常用器件、接口驱动,此外,笔者添加了SPI接口驱动。内核定制是一个裁减的过程,需要笔者选定恰当的功能模块,编译后得到内核映像。随后,将u-boot.bin、内核映像和文件系统烧写到Flash,完成嵌入式系统设计。
最后,代理软件设计。本文采用第三方工具AdventNet开发代理软件。笔者的主要任务:配置代理软件操作系统平台(OS和编辑器),文中选用Linux平台下多线程技术和Gcc编辑器;配置安全模型USM和访问控制模型VACM,各个MIB subTree(子树)采用不同的安全等级、参数和类型;配置消息处理模块,能够处理v1、v2c和v3消息。
实验证明,本代理系统基本满足项目要求,已经通过相关方面的课题验收,实际应用效果良好。
The communication-repeater is a key equipment of dedicated communication network, which is critical to the management. SNMP is the standard management protocol of Internet. SNMPv3 is the third edition of SNMP, which introduced security module USM and access control module VACM, enhancing the security and reliability of network management. Embedded system is the first choice of designing network equipment. 32-bits RISC ARM processor and embedded operating system is a good platform of software application. The paper’s research aims at two sides: one is hardware and software platform; the other is the reality of agent software. From the method of achieving, the paper makes a deep study of embedded SNMP agent, which can be divided into three parts.
The first part is the summarization of embedded SNMP agent, which consists of two aspects: one is the concept, characteristics and composition of embedded systems; the other is the requirements and mode of SNMP agent development.
The second part is the platform of embedded SNMP agent, including system selection, hardware design and transplantation of Linux operating system. Considering the requirements of the project and possible cost savings, S3C2410 processor and embedded Linux operating system is chosed as the platform. It is allowed to minimize the number of hardware module’s units. And the majority of hardware modules are finished. The last one is transplantation of embedded Linux operating system. The paper uses smdk2410 template from U-boot, adds driver of SPI interface, and customizes Linux 2.4 kernel. Finally, u-boot.bin, kernel image and file system image is written into flash.
The third part is the design of agent software. The paper uses third-party tools named AdventNet developing agent software. In a word, the author has two things. One is the configuration of operating system, such as multithreading technology, complier, linker, and so on. The other is the configuration of SNMP protocol, such as USM, VACM, message processing model, and so on.
As shown in experiment, the agent system meets the basic requirements of the project, and it has passed the relevant issue. The result of application is very good.
引文
[1] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会. 通信网管理技术[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2003 年
[2] 岑贤道, 安常青. 网络管理协议及应用开发[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1998.7
[3] (美)斯大林(Stallings, W.)编. 健莲科技译. SNMP 网络管理[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2001 年
[4] (美)策尔茨曼(Zeltserman, D.)编著. 潇湘工作室译. SNMPV3 与网络管理[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2000 年
[5] 魏忠, 蔡勇, 雷红卫. 嵌入式开发详解[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003 年
[6] RFC1066. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets [C]. August 1988
[7] RFC1213. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II [C]. March 1991
[8] RFC1215. A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP [C]. March 1991
[9] RFC1155. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets [C]. May 1990
[10] RFC1157. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. May 1990
[11] RFC1901. Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 [C]. January 1996
[12] RFC1902. Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[13] RFC1903. Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[14] RFC1904. Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[15] RFC1905. Protocol Operation for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[16] RFC1906. Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[17] RFC1907. Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[18] RFC2578. Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) [C]. April 1999
[19] RFC2579. Textual Conventions for SMIv2 [C]. April 1999
[20] RFC2580. Conformance Statements for SMIv2 [C]. April 1999
[21] Wayne Wolf 著. 孙玉芳, 梁彬, 罗保国, 等译. 嵌入式计算机系统原理[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002 年
[22] 许海燕, 付炎. 嵌入式系统技术与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002 年
[23] 王祖林, 郑红, 龙翔. 新一代嵌入式微处理器龙珠i.Mx结构及其应用基础[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004 年
[24] 李晶皎, 王爱霞, 张广渊. ColdFire 系列 32 位微处理器与嵌入式 Linux 应用[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005 年
[25] 陆洲, 侯美琨. SNMP 网管代理开发[J]. 无线电通信技术, 2001, Vol.27, NO.1
[26] 马忠梅, 李善平, 康慨 等. ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004 年
[27] 马忠梅, 马广云, 徐英慧 等. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002 年
[28] 李善平, 刘文峰, 王焕龙等. Linux 与嵌入式系统[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003 年
[29] um_s3c2410s_rev12_030428. www.hhcn.org/maindoc
[30] About Agent Toolkit C Edition. www.adventnet.com/document
[31] HHARM2410_tech_manual. www.hhcn.org/maindoc
[32] 曾宏安, 齐尧, 焦振强 等. 用 U-BOOT 构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序[J]. 单片机遇嵌入式系统, 2005, NO.2
[33] Alessandro Rubini Sc Jonathan Corbet 著. 魏永明, 骆刚, 姜君译. LINUX 设备驱动程序(第二版)[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002 年
[34] RFC2570. Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. [C]. April 1999
[35] RFC2271. An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks [C]. April 1999
[36] RFC2272. Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. April 1999
[37] RFC2273. SNMP Applications[C]. April 1999
[38] RFC2274. User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3) [C]. April 1999
[39] RFC2275. View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. April 1999
[40] 贾明, 严世贤. Linux 下的 C 编程[M]. 北京: 人民用电出版社, 2001 年
[41] 张海藩. 软件工程[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2006 年
[2] 岑贤道, 安常青. 网络管理协议及应用开发[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1998.7
[3] (美)斯大林(Stallings, W.)编. 健莲科技译. SNMP 网络管理[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2001 年
[4] (美)策尔茨曼(Zeltserman, D.)编著. 潇湘工作室译. SNMPV3 与网络管理[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2000 年
[5] 魏忠, 蔡勇, 雷红卫. 嵌入式开发详解[M]. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2003 年
[6] RFC1066. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets [C]. August 1988
[7] RFC1213. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based internets: MIB-II [C]. March 1991
[8] RFC1215. A Convention for Defining Traps for use with the SNMP [C]. March 1991
[9] RFC1155. Structure and Identification of Management Information for TCP/IP-based Internets [C]. May 1990
[10] RFC1157. A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. May 1990
[11] RFC1901. Introduction to Community-based SNMPv2 [C]. January 1996
[12] RFC1902. Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[13] RFC1903. Textual Conventions for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[14] RFC1904. Conformance Statements for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[15] RFC1905. Protocol Operation for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[16] RFC1906. Transport Mappings for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[17] RFC1907. Management Information Base for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2) [C]. January 1996
[18] RFC2578. Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2) [C]. April 1999
[19] RFC2579. Textual Conventions for SMIv2 [C]. April 1999
[20] RFC2580. Conformance Statements for SMIv2 [C]. April 1999
[21] Wayne Wolf 著. 孙玉芳, 梁彬, 罗保国, 等译. 嵌入式计算机系统原理[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002 年
[22] 许海燕, 付炎. 嵌入式系统技术与应用[M]. 北京: 机械工业出版社, 2002 年
[23] 王祖林, 郑红, 龙翔. 新一代嵌入式微处理器龙珠i.Mx结构及其应用基础[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004 年
[24] 李晶皎, 王爱霞, 张广渊. ColdFire 系列 32 位微处理器与嵌入式 Linux 应用[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2005 年
[25] 陆洲, 侯美琨. SNMP 网管代理开发[J]. 无线电通信技术, 2001, Vol.27, NO.1
[26] 马忠梅, 李善平, 康慨 等. ARM&Linux 嵌入式系统教程[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2004 年
[27] 马忠梅, 马广云, 徐英慧 等. ARM 嵌入式处理器结构与应用[M]. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2002 年
[28] 李善平, 刘文峰, 王焕龙等. Linux 与嵌入式系统[M]. 北京: 清华大学出版社, 2003 年
[29] um_s3c2410s_rev12_030428. www.hhcn.org/maindoc
[30] About Agent Toolkit C Edition. www.adventnet.com/document
[31] HHARM2410_tech_manual. www.hhcn.org/maindoc
[32] 曾宏安, 齐尧, 焦振强 等. 用 U-BOOT 构建嵌入式系统的引导装载程序[J]. 单片机遇嵌入式系统, 2005, NO.2
[33] Alessandro Rubini Sc Jonathan Corbet 著. 魏永明, 骆刚, 姜君译. LINUX 设备驱动程序(第二版)[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2002 年
[34] RFC2570. Introduction to Version 3 of the Internet-standard Network Management Framework. [C]. April 1999
[35] RFC2271. An Architecture for Describing SNMP Management Frameworks [C]. April 1999
[36] RFC2272. Message Processing and Dispatching for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. April 1999
[37] RFC2273. SNMP Applications[C]. April 1999
[38] RFC2274. User-based Security Model (USM) for version 3 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv3) [C]. April 1999
[39] RFC2275. View-based Access Control Model (VACM) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) [C]. April 1999
[40] 贾明, 严世贤. Linux 下的 C 编程[M]. 北京: 人民用电出版社, 2001 年
[41] 张海藩. 软件工程[M]. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 2006 年