基于ARM的微型光谱仪信号采集与处理系统
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摘要
微型光谱仪在PC机的支持下可以快速、直观、实时在线的对物质进行定性、定量分析,而在室外,尤其是野外条件下则不便于检测。利用嵌入式技术设计的微型光谱仪,可以实现图像信号采集、存储、处理以及显示的一体化,具有体积小、智能、便携等优点,在现场测量分析、环境监测、战场生化检测等特殊环境下有很好的应用前景。
本论文基于微型光谱仪便携式、智能化的需要,在分析国内外微型光谱仪发展现状及趋势的基础上,提出了应用嵌入式技术实现微型光谱仪的信号采集与处理,以适应微型光谱仪在野外、战场等特殊环境下便携、智能、操作简单的使用要求。在确定了嵌入式微型光谱仪的总体方案后,设计了针对光谱仪的信号采集电路和基于ARM的处理电路,完成了嵌入式微型光谱仪的硬件部分,并在ARM主板的平台上建立了操作系统和文件系统,实现了CCD信号采集和ARM主板处理电路的主要功能。论文主要进行了以下方面的研究工作:
①在查阅了大量文献、资料的基础上,分析了光谱仪器的发展趋势,提出了嵌入式光谱仪研究的必要性。
②在掌握微型光谱仪工作原理的基础上,对光谱仪的嵌入式实现进行了研究,确定了基于ARM的光谱信号采集及处理实现方案,在硬件设计上分为CCD数据采集和ARM主板处理处理电路两个部分。
③设计了CCD数据采集电路,采用CPLD技术,将所有的数字电路集成在CPLD芯片中,为系统的小型化、稳定性、抗干扰性和在线修改、升级提供了条件。
④根据CCD信号输出的特点,采用ARM9处理芯片,设计了相应的处理电路主板。
⑤对CCD驱动电路进行了测试,为嵌入式主板烧写了引导程序,建立了操作系统等。
Micro-spectrometer is fast, intuitionistic, real-time, online in the qualitative and quantitative analysis to material with the support of PC, but it is not convenient in outdoor, especially under field conditions. Micro-spectrometer realized by embedded technology with integration of signal acquisition, storage, processing and display, it has advantages of small, intelligent, portable, and there is a good prospect in special environment, such as field-testing, environmental monitoring, battlefield biochemical detection.
This paper was based on the need of micro-portable and integrated spectrometer, on the basis of analysis in the domestic and international micro-spectrometer development status and trend, embedded system applied in the micro-spectrometer for the need of special environment was proposed, such as wild, battlefield. After overall structure of embedded micro-spectrometer was made, signal acquisition circuit and processing circuit based on ARM were designed for spectrometer, hardware of embedded micro-spectrometer was finished, operating systems and file system were established for providing advantages for exploitation and running of software of signal acquisition. The primary coverage is listed as following:
①On the basis of a large amount reference and document, the spectrum instrument development tendency was analyzed. On this basis, the necessity of embedded spectrometer research was proposed.
②On the basis of principle of micro-spectrometer, embedded spectrometer was studied, realization plan was made, and design of hardware was divided into two parts, CCD signal acquisition and embedded processing board.
③CCD signal acquisition circuit was designed, with the technology of CPLD, all the digital circuit was integrated in one chip, the system miniaturization, stability, online modifying and upgrading the conditions were provided.
④According to characteristic of CCD signal, embedded processing circuit was designed with the CPU of ARM9.
⑤CCD drive circuit was simulated and tested, boot loader and operating systems and were established.
本论文基于微型光谱仪便携式、智能化的需要,在分析国内外微型光谱仪发展现状及趋势的基础上,提出了应用嵌入式技术实现微型光谱仪的信号采集与处理,以适应微型光谱仪在野外、战场等特殊环境下便携、智能、操作简单的使用要求。在确定了嵌入式微型光谱仪的总体方案后,设计了针对光谱仪的信号采集电路和基于ARM的处理电路,完成了嵌入式微型光谱仪的硬件部分,并在ARM主板的平台上建立了操作系统和文件系统,实现了CCD信号采集和ARM主板处理电路的主要功能。论文主要进行了以下方面的研究工作:
①在查阅了大量文献、资料的基础上,分析了光谱仪器的发展趋势,提出了嵌入式光谱仪研究的必要性。
②在掌握微型光谱仪工作原理的基础上,对光谱仪的嵌入式实现进行了研究,确定了基于ARM的光谱信号采集及处理实现方案,在硬件设计上分为CCD数据采集和ARM主板处理处理电路两个部分。
③设计了CCD数据采集电路,采用CPLD技术,将所有的数字电路集成在CPLD芯片中,为系统的小型化、稳定性、抗干扰性和在线修改、升级提供了条件。
④根据CCD信号输出的特点,采用ARM9处理芯片,设计了相应的处理电路主板。
⑤对CCD驱动电路进行了测试,为嵌入式主板烧写了引导程序,建立了操作系统等。
Micro-spectrometer is fast, intuitionistic, real-time, online in the qualitative and quantitative analysis to material with the support of PC, but it is not convenient in outdoor, especially under field conditions. Micro-spectrometer realized by embedded technology with integration of signal acquisition, storage, processing and display, it has advantages of small, intelligent, portable, and there is a good prospect in special environment, such as field-testing, environmental monitoring, battlefield biochemical detection.
This paper was based on the need of micro-portable and integrated spectrometer, on the basis of analysis in the domestic and international micro-spectrometer development status and trend, embedded system applied in the micro-spectrometer for the need of special environment was proposed, such as wild, battlefield. After overall structure of embedded micro-spectrometer was made, signal acquisition circuit and processing circuit based on ARM were designed for spectrometer, hardware of embedded micro-spectrometer was finished, operating systems and file system were established for providing advantages for exploitation and running of software of signal acquisition. The primary coverage is listed as following:
①On the basis of a large amount reference and document, the spectrum instrument development tendency was analyzed. On this basis, the necessity of embedded spectrometer research was proposed.
②On the basis of principle of micro-spectrometer, embedded spectrometer was studied, realization plan was made, and design of hardware was divided into two parts, CCD signal acquisition and embedded processing board.
③CCD signal acquisition circuit was designed, with the technology of CPLD, all the digital circuit was integrated in one chip, the system miniaturization, stability, online modifying and upgrading the conditions were provided.
④According to characteristic of CCD signal, embedded processing circuit was designed with the CPU of ARM9.
⑤CCD drive circuit was simulated and tested, boot loader and operating systems and were established.
引文
[1] 鞠 挥,吴一辉. 微型光谱仪的发展现状. 光学精密工程.2001.9(4).pp372-376
[2] 陈刚,温志渝,温中泉等. 混合集成微型光纤光谱仪的实验确定. 光谱学与光谱分析 2003.23(6)pp1232-1236
[3] 潘武,钟先信. 微型光电机械系统技术在光通信中的应用及展望. 光学精密工程.1999.7(2) .pp1-7
[4] Maxwell,Matthew J. Real-time spectrum analysis streamlines radar pulse testing and diagnostics. Microwave Journal,v 49,n3,March.2006, pp 62-83
[5] Dong, Qing. Ocean wave spectrum from SAR image using 2D-ARMA model. IEEE International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005, pp991-994
[6] 鞠 挥,吴一辉. 光谱仪的微小型化. 仪器仪表学报.2001.22(4).pp131-133
[7] http://www.avantes.com.cn/ Avantes 中国
[8] http://www.oceanopticschina.cn/Products/hr2000.asp 海洋光学
[9] Limited ARM Development Guide 2000-2001.ARM DOI .2000.06
[10] Pop, Paul. Embedded systems design: Optimization challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3524,2005, pp16-20
[11] http://article.pchome.net/185335.html 电脑之家
[12] http://www.spectro.com.cn/products/p1a.htm 德国斯派克分析仪器公司
[13] 温志渝,陈刚,潘银松等. 微型生化分析系统. 微纳电子技术.2003.7. pp338-343
[14] 张 波. 微型生化分析仪的研究. 重庆大学硕士学位论文. 二 OO 六年五月
[15] Wang, Riming. Innovation application of area array CCD based on CPLD. Optical Test and Measurement Technology and Equipment, 2006, 6.pp61-65
[16] 何炜 , 郑黎明 .CPLD 在 CCD 图像采集系统中的应用 . 单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006.6.pp47-50
[17] 何明星,郑琼林. Max7000 系列可编程器件在 DSP 系统设计中应用.微计算机信息.2003.29(6).pp25-26
[18] Bursky, Dave .PLD family bridges FPGA and CPLD needs. Electronic Design. 2005.53(19), pp34-38
[19] MAX 7000.DATA SHEET. Download from www.altera.com
[20] 东方人华,MAX+PLUS II 入门与提高.清华大学出版社.2004 年 1 月
[21] 王志鹏. 可编程逻辑器件开发技术 MAX +plus Ⅱ. 国防工业出版社 2005 年 3
[22] 赵曙光,郭万有,杨颂华等. 可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用(第二版).2006 年 1 月
[23] 宋万杰,罗丰,吴顺君. CPLD 技术及其应用. 西安电子科技大学出版社. 2001 年 6 月
[24] 薛华,李东涛,熊永超. CCD 技术在非接触检测中的应用. 煤矿机械,2006.27(8). pp162-165
[25] 韩静,吴俊林 .CCD 传感器工作原理及光强分布的测量 . 陕西师范大学学报 . 2006.34(8).pp44-45
[26] 袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用.重庆大学出版社,修订版,1996
[27] Magnan, P. Capteurs d'images CCD & CMOS.(CCD and CMOS image sensors: Comparison of the technologies and perspectives).REE, Revue de L'Electricite et de L'Electronique, 2002.10. pp83-93
[28] Wenjun Wu. Image measurement of micro-hole with linear CCD.Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2006, pp615-617
[29] 王忠立,刘佳音,贾云得. 基于 CCD 与 CMOS 的图像传感技术[J].光学技术, 2003.29(3).pp361-364
[30] 王海涌,申功勋,张秀杰. 基于线阵 CCD 的长距离传输外总线的设计. 电子技术与应 用.2004.4.pp31-32
[31] SONY ILX554B Datasheet. Download from www.21icsearch.com
[32] 常丹华,于洋. 基于 VHDL 的 CCD 驱动时序设计. 今日电子.2003.10.pp27-29
[33] Marec. Single event effects characterization of 16K X 9 FIFO, Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems, RADECS 2003, 2004, pp269-272
[34] IDT7284datasheet.pdf ,Download from http://www.idt.com/china/
[35] Peng, Guo-Sheng .Design of ARM and Ethernet based vibration signal collector. Electric Power Automation Equipment.2007.27(1)pp87-89
[36] 陈赜. ARM 嵌入式技术实践教程.北京航空航天大学出版社. 2005 年 2 月
[37] s3c2410_userhandbook.pdf. Download from http://www.sansung.com
[38] JTAG Customer references.pef. Download from http://www.jtag.com
[39] PC 接口技术内幕. 普林德克著;陈逸译中国电力出版社. 2002 年 7 月
[40] Parthasarathy V. Performance analysis of embedded media applications in newer ARM architectures. Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, 2005, pp210-214.
[2] 陈刚,温志渝,温中泉等. 混合集成微型光纤光谱仪的实验确定. 光谱学与光谱分析 2003.23(6)pp1232-1236
[3] 潘武,钟先信. 微型光电机械系统技术在光通信中的应用及展望. 光学精密工程.1999.7(2) .pp1-7
[4] Maxwell,Matthew J. Real-time spectrum analysis streamlines radar pulse testing and diagnostics. Microwave Journal,v 49,n3,March.2006, pp 62-83
[5] Dong, Qing. Ocean wave spectrum from SAR image using 2D-ARMA model. IEEE International Geosciences and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2005, pp991-994
[6] 鞠 挥,吴一辉. 光谱仪的微小型化. 仪器仪表学报.2001.22(4).pp131-133
[7] http://www.avantes.com.cn/ Avantes 中国
[8] http://www.oceanopticschina.cn/Products/hr2000.asp 海洋光学
[9] Limited ARM Development Guide 2000-2001.ARM DOI .2000.06
[10] Pop, Paul. Embedded systems design: Optimization challenges. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, v 3524,2005, pp16-20
[11] http://article.pchome.net/185335.html 电脑之家
[12] http://www.spectro.com.cn/products/p1a.htm 德国斯派克分析仪器公司
[13] 温志渝,陈刚,潘银松等. 微型生化分析系统. 微纳电子技术.2003.7. pp338-343
[14] 张 波. 微型生化分析仪的研究. 重庆大学硕士学位论文. 二 OO 六年五月
[15] Wang, Riming. Innovation application of area array CCD based on CPLD. Optical Test and Measurement Technology and Equipment, 2006, 6.pp61-65
[16] 何炜 , 郑黎明 .CPLD 在 CCD 图像采集系统中的应用 . 单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006.6.pp47-50
[17] 何明星,郑琼林. Max7000 系列可编程器件在 DSP 系统设计中应用.微计算机信息.2003.29(6).pp25-26
[18] Bursky, Dave .PLD family bridges FPGA and CPLD needs. Electronic Design. 2005.53(19), pp34-38
[19] MAX 7000.DATA SHEET. Download from www.altera.com
[20] 东方人华,MAX+PLUS II 入门与提高.清华大学出版社.2004 年 1 月
[21] 王志鹏. 可编程逻辑器件开发技术 MAX +plus Ⅱ. 国防工业出版社 2005 年 3
[22] 赵曙光,郭万有,杨颂华等. 可编程逻辑器件原理、开发与应用(第二版).2006 年 1 月
[23] 宋万杰,罗丰,吴顺君. CPLD 技术及其应用. 西安电子科技大学出版社. 2001 年 6 月
[24] 薛华,李东涛,熊永超. CCD 技术在非接触检测中的应用. 煤矿机械,2006.27(8). pp162-165
[25] 韩静,吴俊林 .CCD 传感器工作原理及光强分布的测量 . 陕西师范大学学报 . 2006.34(8).pp44-45
[26] 袁祥辉.固体图像传感器及其应用.重庆大学出版社,修订版,1996
[27] Magnan, P. Capteurs d'images CCD & CMOS.(CCD and CMOS image sensors: Comparison of the technologies and perspectives).REE, Revue de L'Electricite et de L'Electronique, 2002.10. pp83-93
[28] Wenjun Wu. Image measurement of micro-hole with linear CCD.Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering, 2006, pp615-617
[29] 王忠立,刘佳音,贾云得. 基于 CCD 与 CMOS 的图像传感技术[J].光学技术, 2003.29(3).pp361-364
[30] 王海涌,申功勋,张秀杰. 基于线阵 CCD 的长距离传输外总线的设计. 电子技术与应 用.2004.4.pp31-32
[31] SONY ILX554B Datasheet. Download from www.21icsearch.com
[32] 常丹华,于洋. 基于 VHDL 的 CCD 驱动时序设计. 今日电子.2003.10.pp27-29
[33] Marec. Single event effects characterization of 16K X 9 FIFO, Conference on Radiation and its Effects on Components and Systems, RADECS 2003, 2004, pp269-272
[34] IDT7284datasheet.pdf ,Download from http://www.idt.com/china/
[35] Peng, Guo-Sheng .Design of ARM and Ethernet based vibration signal collector. Electric Power Automation Equipment.2007.27(1)pp87-89
[36] 陈赜. ARM 嵌入式技术实践教程.北京航空航天大学出版社. 2005 年 2 月
[37] s3c2410_userhandbook.pdf. Download from http://www.sansung.com
[38] JTAG Customer references.pef. Download from http://www.jtag.com
[39] PC 接口技术内幕. 普林德克著;陈逸译中国电力出版社. 2002 年 7 月
[40] Parthasarathy V. Performance analysis of embedded media applications in newer ARM architectures. Proceedings of the 2005 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, 2005, pp210-214.