基于CAN总线和Web服务器的水闸远程监控系统研究
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摘要
闸门远程监控系统的建设是水利现代化工程中的一项重要组成部分，阳新水闸远程监控系统建设的目标是通过广泛应用现代计算机技术、通讯技术、数据库技术及Web技术，建立起阳新段长江干堤水闸的远程监测和控制系统，提高堤防工作的现代化水平。
本论文的工程背景是湖北阳新县水闸远程监控系统，该系统的控制对象由海口闸、海口泵站、富池大闸及富池泵站构成，日常承担着阳新县防洪排涝的重要任务。本系统主要实现了对阳新县沿岸的内河和外江的水位数据的采集以及对水闸的远程监制。在本方案中采用PLC作为控制器，采用了CAN现场总线和嵌入式的Web服务器来实现对现场的远程监测和控制。该方案更方便的满足了用户要求，数据传输具有更好的稳定性和实时性，而且大大降低了系统成本。
首先，本文对CAN总线和嵌入式Web技术进行阐述，并分析了远程监控系统的结构和监控模式，在此基础上，采用CAN总线技术和嵌入式Web技术，给出了阳新水闸远程监控系统的整体设计方案。
然后，由于有些现场设备没有CAN总线的接口，为了方便的使用这些设备，本课题设计了CAN-RS232协议转换模块。该模块能实现数据的双向传输，既可以将水闸现场的水位、水闸开度、电源状态等数据通过CAN总线传输到Web服务器，也能将控制信号传输到现场设备。
接着，为了实现对水闸现场情况的远程监控，本文将嵌入式Linux下常见的嵌入式Web Server软件——boa运用于现场监控的工业控制中，通过CGI程序，实现了远端Web浏览器对水闸现场的实时监控。
本文基于嵌入式Internet的CAN总线远程监控系统的研究工作及其模型的实现，对于嵌入式Internet技术在现场总线上的应用以及远程监控系统的设计上，具有一定的指导意义和借鉴意义。
The construction of Watergate Remote Monitor System is one of the most important projects in the water conservancy modernization . The target of Yang Xin Watergate Remote Monitor System is to build a supervisor system which is composed of modern computer technology , communication technology ,database technology and WEB technology. The system will greately modernalize the managment of the monitoring system.
The background of the essay is Yang Xin Watergate Remote Monitor System . The project is composed of Haikou Watergate , Haikou pump station , RuChi Watergate and FuChi pump station. It undertakes the responsibility of preventing flood and irrigation of YangXin Hubei province. The system has realized the supervisor of the water lever along the Changjiang River in Yang Xin County. It can also control the watergates on the internet in everywhere of the world .We design the system using PLC for controller. Web Server and CAN Field Bus technology are adopted .They advance the real time property and the stability of the system. The cost of the system has also greatly reduced .
First of all,the essay introduces CAN Field Bus and Web technology based on emdeded system. It has analysed the structures and mode of the remote monitor and control system. Based on these, the essay designs a remote monitor and control system based on the technology of embedded system and CAN Field Bus , then carries out the hardware model.
Second, because some equipments don't have CAN interface, in order to use these equipment conveniently, the essay has designed the mode which can transfer data between CAN bus and RS-232 bus. It can not only transfer data from CAN bus to RS232 bus ,but also can transfer data from RS-232 bus to CAN bus.
Last, in order to control and supervisor in a place which is far away, the essay applies the software which is common used in Linux system—boa to realize the control and monitor system. CGI technology is also used in the system , It realizes the control and supervisor by the Web browser.
The essay combines the research and practice together. Based on the research conclusion, the essay carries out the practical model and realizes design of the software and hardware of the system in detail. All these work has significance on both theory and practice for the development of the remote monitor and control system for CAN bus based on embedded Internet.
本论文的工程背景是湖北阳新县水闸远程监控系统，该系统的控制对象由海口闸、海口泵站、富池大闸及富池泵站构成，日常承担着阳新县防洪排涝的重要任务。本系统主要实现了对阳新县沿岸的内河和外江的水位数据的采集以及对水闸的远程监制。在本方案中采用PLC作为控制器，采用了CAN现场总线和嵌入式的Web服务器来实现对现场的远程监测和控制。该方案更方便的满足了用户要求，数据传输具有更好的稳定性和实时性，而且大大降低了系统成本。
首先，本文对CAN总线和嵌入式Web技术进行阐述，并分析了远程监控系统的结构和监控模式，在此基础上，采用CAN总线技术和嵌入式Web技术，给出了阳新水闸远程监控系统的整体设计方案。
然后，由于有些现场设备没有CAN总线的接口，为了方便的使用这些设备，本课题设计了CAN-RS232协议转换模块。该模块能实现数据的双向传输，既可以将水闸现场的水位、水闸开度、电源状态等数据通过CAN总线传输到Web服务器，也能将控制信号传输到现场设备。
接着，为了实现对水闸现场情况的远程监控，本文将嵌入式Linux下常见的嵌入式Web Server软件——boa运用于现场监控的工业控制中，通过CGI程序，实现了远端Web浏览器对水闸现场的实时监控。
本文基于嵌入式Internet的CAN总线远程监控系统的研究工作及其模型的实现，对于嵌入式Internet技术在现场总线上的应用以及远程监控系统的设计上，具有一定的指导意义和借鉴意义。
The construction of Watergate Remote Monitor System is one of the most important projects in the water conservancy modernization . The target of Yang Xin Watergate Remote Monitor System is to build a supervisor system which is composed of modern computer technology , communication technology ,database technology and WEB technology. The system will greately modernalize the managment of the monitoring system.
The background of the essay is Yang Xin Watergate Remote Monitor System . The project is composed of Haikou Watergate , Haikou pump station , RuChi Watergate and FuChi pump station. It undertakes the responsibility of preventing flood and irrigation of YangXin Hubei province. The system has realized the supervisor of the water lever along the Changjiang River in Yang Xin County. It can also control the watergates on the internet in everywhere of the world .We design the system using PLC for controller. Web Server and CAN Field Bus technology are adopted .They advance the real time property and the stability of the system. The cost of the system has also greatly reduced .
First of all,the essay introduces CAN Field Bus and Web technology based on emdeded system. It has analysed the structures and mode of the remote monitor and control system. Based on these, the essay designs a remote monitor and control system based on the technology of embedded system and CAN Field Bus , then carries out the hardware model.
Second, because some equipments don't have CAN interface, in order to use these equipment conveniently, the essay has designed the mode which can transfer data between CAN bus and RS-232 bus. It can not only transfer data from CAN bus to RS232 bus ,but also can transfer data from RS-232 bus to CAN bus.
Last, in order to control and supervisor in a place which is far away, the essay applies the software which is common used in Linux system—boa to realize the control and monitor system. CGI technology is also used in the system , It realizes the control and supervisor by the Web browser.
The essay combines the research and practice together. Based on the research conclusion, the essay carries out the practical model and realizes design of the software and hardware of the system in detail. All these work has significance on both theory and practice for the development of the remote monitor and control system for CAN bus based on embedded Internet.
引文
[1] 阳宪惠．现场总线技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999．06
[2] 史久根，张培仁，陈真勇．CAN现场总线系统设计技术．北京：国防科技大学出版社，2004．10
[3] 李付亮，刘多学，禹红．嵌入式系统在中小型水电站中的应用．中国水能及电气化，2007．1／2：62～64
[4] 陈维刚，费敏锐．工业控制系统的网络化发展．工业仪表与自动化装置．2004．1：10～13
[5] 缪学勤．试论十种类型现场总线的体系结构．自动化博览，2003．11
[6] 王芳，郭宝增．嵌入式操作系统及其特点．中国仪器仪表．2004．11：4～6
[7] 王峰，张宏伟，秦霆镐，王建．嵌入式Internet技术及其实现方案．微计算机信息2003．12：61～63
[8] 白智国，王芳，冯丹．嵌入式系统移植问题的研究．计算机工程与科学，2005，27(6)：620-625
[9] Tao Lin, Hai Zhao, Jiyong Wang. An embedded Web Server for equipment. ParallelArchitectures, Algorithms and Networks, Proceedings 7th International Symposium on 10-12,2004.(5):345-350
[10] Schiller MW, Lopes P, Pinto JL. Web controlled interrogation system for fiber Bragg gratings. In: Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, USA, 2003, 647-649
[11] Tabara D, Rijanto H,Sabbattini B. Embedded Web technology:adding a new dimension to orotection and control. ABB Review,2001, (2):16-19.
[12] 川张蔚，徐华，丁学文，金大海．CAN总线在机车监控系统中的应用．测控技术与装备，2003．29(4)：21～23
[13] 刘梅英．车载系统carr通讯实现及上位监控系统没计：[硕士学位论文]．北京：北方工业大学检测技术与自动化装置，2004
[14] David Seal. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Pearson Education Limitied,2001.
[15] Hongtao Yang, Eagleson R. Design and Implementation of an Internet-based embedded control system. Control Applications, 2003
[16] 广州周立功单片机发展有限公司，CAN-bus规范V2.0版本
[17] 王国宇．基于嵌入式Internet的CAN总线远程监控系统的研究与实现：[硕士学位论文]．上海：控制理论与控制工程，2006
[18] ARM Company. ARM-DDI-00290 ARM7TDMI Technical Reference Manual. www.arm.com: ARIVI Company,2001
[19] 程春红，谭梅．RS232接口无源隔离器设计．湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2004．03：77～79．
[20] 朱桂荣，邹丽新．基于RS-485总线的可扩展局域网络的研究．微型机与应用．2004．06：32～33
[21] SAMSUNG Electronic Ld. S3C44B0 RISC Microprocessor Datasheet.South Korea SAMSUNG Electronic. 2004.1-6
[22] 田泽．嵌入式系统开发与应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[23] 万加富，张占松，闰荷花．μClinux系统分析．计算机与现代化，2003．10：4-6
[24] 王羲，任琦梅．基于4480平台的μC-Linux Web服务器实现方法研究．微计算机信息，20053：7677
[25] 郑伟，徐荣华，王钦若．嵌入式Linux系统CGI程序设计技术．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2004，(10)：21～24
[26] 李想，张奕英，谷俊杰，吴宝琴．基于CAN总线的模拟盘控制器设计．自动化技术与应用．2006．25／1：38～40
[27] 李芳，刘鲁源，吕伟杰．CAN总线位定时和同步机制的分析．电子产品世界．2005．5:106～107
[28] Livani M A. Scheduling Hard and Soft Real-time Communication in a CAN Control Engineer Practice,1999,7
[29] Philips Semiconductors.CAN controllerinterface PCA82C250. DATA SHEET. 1994.
[30] 孙辉，陆松年，杨树堂．基于Linux和S3c2410的嵌入式Web Server的研究与实现．计算机应用与软件．2007．02：134～136
[31] Agranat I. Embedded Web server in network device. Communication Systems design, 1998.11
[32] Peter Varhol. Embedded Linux Is Starting To Make Sense Electronic design, 2003
[33] 常富杰，魏巍，周小丽，陈刚．基于CAN总线的时间同步设计方法．抵压电器．2004．02：30～32．
[34] 郭星歌，赵培培．一种基于CAN总线的嵌入式Web通信网关的设计．煤炭科技．2006．02
[35] 王坤，汪小岩，蔡世龙．嵌入式Web服务器住中小水电信号采集系统中的应用．水电自动化和大坝监测．2006．12：49～52．
[36] 左明文，张剑英．嵌入式Web应用中实时报警系统的设计．信息与电子工程．2006．12
[37] 仲崇权，鲁辛凯，李卓函，温立群．基于嵌入式Web远程监控的研究与应用．仪器仪表学报．2006．06：575～577
[38] 黄英，肖旭，魏急波．基于嵌入式Linux的远程监控系统的设计．通信技术与设备．2002．04：11～13
[39] 石道生，吴军霞，罗慧谦．基于ARM 9的嵌入式Web服务器的研究．中国水运(学术版)2006．08：128～129
[40] 张文斌，张浩宇．CGI与WEB数据库的研究．哈尔滨理工大学学报．2001．12：92～95
[41] 苏庆刚，朱杰，倪清清．基于μClinux的小区远程监控系统．上海工程技术大学学报．2006．09：219～222
[42] Schlett,Yianfred,Trends in Embedded-Microprocessor Design, IEEE-computer, AuK 1998.
[43] Rau, B. Ramakrishna, Schlansker, Embedded Computer Architecture and Automation IEEE-computer, Apr 2001
[44] 唐红卫，王昌明，吕宁．CAN总线控制网络实时性分析．工业控制计算机．2005．6：6～8
[45] 梁丁，李迅波，蔡勇．应用中的嵌入式Linux实时优化．计算机工程．2007．01：77～79
[2] 史久根，张培仁，陈真勇．CAN现场总线系统设计技术．北京：国防科技大学出版社，2004．10
[3] 李付亮，刘多学，禹红．嵌入式系统在中小型水电站中的应用．中国水能及电气化，2007．1／2：62～64
[4] 陈维刚，费敏锐．工业控制系统的网络化发展．工业仪表与自动化装置．2004．1：10～13
[5] 缪学勤．试论十种类型现场总线的体系结构．自动化博览，2003．11
[6] 王芳，郭宝增．嵌入式操作系统及其特点．中国仪器仪表．2004．11：4～6
[7] 王峰，张宏伟，秦霆镐，王建．嵌入式Internet技术及其实现方案．微计算机信息2003．12：61～63
[8] 白智国，王芳，冯丹．嵌入式系统移植问题的研究．计算机工程与科学，2005，27(6)：620-625
[9] Tao Lin, Hai Zhao, Jiyong Wang. An embedded Web Server for equipment. ParallelArchitectures, Algorithms and Networks, Proceedings 7th International Symposium on 10-12,2004.(5):345-350
[10] Schiller MW, Lopes P, Pinto JL. Web controlled interrogation system for fiber Bragg gratings. In: Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference, USA, 2003, 647-649
[11] Tabara D, Rijanto H,Sabbattini B. Embedded Web technology:adding a new dimension to orotection and control. ABB Review,2001, (2):16-19.
[12] 川张蔚，徐华，丁学文，金大海．CAN总线在机车监控系统中的应用．测控技术与装备，2003．29(4)：21～23
[13] 刘梅英．车载系统carr通讯实现及上位监控系统没计：[硕士学位论文]．北京：北方工业大学检测技术与自动化装置，2004
[14] David Seal. ARM Architecture Reference Manual. Pearson Education Limitied,2001.
[15] Hongtao Yang, Eagleson R. Design and Implementation of an Internet-based embedded control system. Control Applications, 2003
[16] 广州周立功单片机发展有限公司，CAN-bus规范V2.0版本
[17] 王国宇．基于嵌入式Internet的CAN总线远程监控系统的研究与实现：[硕士学位论文]．上海：控制理论与控制工程，2006
[18] ARM Company. ARM-DDI-00290 ARM7TDMI Technical Reference Manual. www.arm.com: ARIVI Company,2001
[19] 程春红，谭梅．RS232接口无源隔离器设计．湖北师范学院学报(自然科学版)．2004．03：77～79．
[20] 朱桂荣，邹丽新．基于RS-485总线的可扩展局域网络的研究．微型机与应用．2004．06：32～33
[21] SAMSUNG Electronic Ld. S3C44B0 RISC Microprocessor Datasheet.South Korea SAMSUNG Electronic. 2004.1-6
[22] 田泽．嵌入式系统开发与应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005
[23] 万加富，张占松，闰荷花．μClinux系统分析．计算机与现代化，2003．10：4-6
[24] 王羲，任琦梅．基于4480平台的μC-Linux Web服务器实现方法研究．微计算机信息，20053：7677
[25] 郑伟，徐荣华，王钦若．嵌入式Linux系统CGI程序设计技术．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2004，(10)：21～24
[26] 李想，张奕英，谷俊杰，吴宝琴．基于CAN总线的模拟盘控制器设计．自动化技术与应用．2006．25／1：38～40
[27] 李芳，刘鲁源，吕伟杰．CAN总线位定时和同步机制的分析．电子产品世界．2005．5:106～107
[28] Livani M A. Scheduling Hard and Soft Real-time Communication in a CAN Control Engineer Practice,1999,7
[29] Philips Semiconductors.CAN controllerinterface PCA82C250. DATA SHEET. 1994.
[30] 孙辉，陆松年，杨树堂．基于Linux和S3c2410的嵌入式Web Server的研究与实现．计算机应用与软件．2007．02：134～136
[31] Agranat I. Embedded Web server in network device. Communication Systems design, 1998.11
[32] Peter Varhol. Embedded Linux Is Starting To Make Sense Electronic design, 2003
[33] 常富杰，魏巍，周小丽，陈刚．基于CAN总线的时间同步设计方法．抵压电器．2004．02：30～32．
[34] 郭星歌，赵培培．一种基于CAN总线的嵌入式Web通信网关的设计．煤炭科技．2006．02
[35] 王坤，汪小岩，蔡世龙．嵌入式Web服务器住中小水电信号采集系统中的应用．水电自动化和大坝监测．2006．12：49～52．
[36] 左明文，张剑英．嵌入式Web应用中实时报警系统的设计．信息与电子工程．2006．12
[37] 仲崇权，鲁辛凯，李卓函，温立群．基于嵌入式Web远程监控的研究与应用．仪器仪表学报．2006．06：575～577
[38] 黄英，肖旭，魏急波．基于嵌入式Linux的远程监控系统的设计．通信技术与设备．2002．04：11～13
[39] 石道生，吴军霞，罗慧谦．基于ARM 9的嵌入式Web服务器的研究．中国水运(学术版)2006．08：128～129
[40] 张文斌，张浩宇．CGI与WEB数据库的研究．哈尔滨理工大学学报．2001．12：92～95
[41] 苏庆刚，朱杰，倪清清．基于μClinux的小区远程监控系统．上海工程技术大学学报．2006．09：219～222
[42] Schlett,Yianfred,Trends in Embedded-Microprocessor Design, IEEE-computer, AuK 1998.
[43] Rau, B. Ramakrishna, Schlansker, Embedded Computer Architecture and Automation IEEE-computer, Apr 2001
[44] 唐红卫，王昌明，吕宁．CAN总线控制网络实时性分析．工业控制计算机．2005．6：6～8
[45] 梁丁，李迅波，蔡勇．应用中的嵌入式Linux实时优化．计算机工程．2007．01：77～79