基于Linux操作系统的嵌入式数据采集模块设计与实现
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摘要
数据采样在现代工业中发挥着非常重要的作用,工业设备的监测和控制都离不开数据的采集。但传统的基于单片机系统的数据采样模块因为无法或很难完成操作系统的嵌入、文件的管理、各种接口的连接、与Internet的互联、大容量存储器的扩展等功能,所以在许多领域的应用受到限制。针对这些问题,设计开发了基于Linux操作系统的嵌入式数据采集模块。
(1)深入研究了数据采集与处理系统的研究现状与发展趋势,分析了嵌入式Linux操作系统的优点,指出了现有数据采集模块存在的问题及选题研究的目的和意义。
(2)根据数据采集模块的性能指标要求,设计了系统的整体模块及系统信号流程,论述了ARM32位嵌入式微处理器件的原理及性能,阐述了硬件系统设计中的低功耗设计、可靠性设计、可测性设计、传感器测量电路等设计技术要点,提出了系统中信号模数转换模块、内存模块、网络芯片模块的组成原理及设计与实现方法。
(3)论述了软件平台Linux操作系统内核及其开发环境和开发工具,阐述了软件系统设计中的嵌入式系统软件构建及FPGA数字信号处理技术,分析了嵌入式Linux操作系统剪裁、内核移植、引导程序U-boot移植,提出了ARM中主程序的设计及FPGA系统内部功能图和FPGA功能模块的具体实现。
(4)搭建了系统地测试平台,进行了基于SPI传输模式下核心版基本性能测试及嵌入式数据采集通道板测试,分析了测试结果并针对出现的问题给出了改进技术措施。
通过样机系统联调与测试表明,实现了从数据采集硬件平台设计到操作系统嵌入工作,并开发完成了相应的数据采集应用软件,系统运行稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计目标。
The embedded system plays an important role in modern industrials.The surveillance and control can not work without data collecting.But traditional data collecting module based on single chip system can not finish or it is very difficult to finish the operating system embedding,the management of files, different kiinds interface connection, mutual unite with Internet,big size memory enlargement and so on. In the past days,it is limited in many field. In order to solve these problems,this paper designed the embedded data collecting module based on linux OS.
Firstly this paper introduced the data collecting, the managing system with the present condition and possible developing trend,analysised the advantages of embedded linux OS,pointed out the possible problems of current data collecting module and the purpose and significance of the research.
Secondely, aiming at this system requesting index sign.designed the total module and signal flow of the system.Discussed the principle and performance of embedded 32-bit ARM micro processor.Explained the technical points of low power , reliability,testability sensor test circuit and so on in the hardware system design.Putting out the component principle,design and implementation of the signal AD conversion module,memory module and network chip module of the system.
Thirdly,introduced the linux OS kernel platform with developing environment and tools.Explained the embedded system software structure and FPGA digital singnal processing technique of the software design.Analysised reduction of the embedded linux OS,transplant of the kernel and U-boot.Put out implementation of the main program in ARM,FPGA function block and FPGA function module.
Fourthely,giving out the testing of the basic performance of the transmission based on SPI and the embedded data collecting channel plate,analysised the testing result.
After debugging and testing the prototype,basicly realizing the compiling of the operating system and programming it to platform,and finished the programme of the application software in the platform,The system can work stably and attained the anticipated object.
(1)深入研究了数据采集与处理系统的研究现状与发展趋势,分析了嵌入式Linux操作系统的优点,指出了现有数据采集模块存在的问题及选题研究的目的和意义。
(2)根据数据采集模块的性能指标要求,设计了系统的整体模块及系统信号流程,论述了ARM32位嵌入式微处理器件的原理及性能,阐述了硬件系统设计中的低功耗设计、可靠性设计、可测性设计、传感器测量电路等设计技术要点,提出了系统中信号模数转换模块、内存模块、网络芯片模块的组成原理及设计与实现方法。
(3)论述了软件平台Linux操作系统内核及其开发环境和开发工具,阐述了软件系统设计中的嵌入式系统软件构建及FPGA数字信号处理技术,分析了嵌入式Linux操作系统剪裁、内核移植、引导程序U-boot移植,提出了ARM中主程序的设计及FPGA系统内部功能图和FPGA功能模块的具体实现。
(4)搭建了系统地测试平台,进行了基于SPI传输模式下核心版基本性能测试及嵌入式数据采集通道板测试,分析了测试结果并针对出现的问题给出了改进技术措施。
通过样机系统联调与测试表明,实现了从数据采集硬件平台设计到操作系统嵌入工作,并开发完成了相应的数据采集应用软件,系统运行稳定可靠,达到了预期的设计目标。
The embedded system plays an important role in modern industrials.The surveillance and control can not work without data collecting.But traditional data collecting module based on single chip system can not finish or it is very difficult to finish the operating system embedding,the management of files, different kiinds interface connection, mutual unite with Internet,big size memory enlargement and so on. In the past days,it is limited in many field. In order to solve these problems,this paper designed the embedded data collecting module based on linux OS.
Firstly this paper introduced the data collecting, the managing system with the present condition and possible developing trend,analysised the advantages of embedded linux OS,pointed out the possible problems of current data collecting module and the purpose and significance of the research.
Secondely, aiming at this system requesting index sign.designed the total module and signal flow of the system.Discussed the principle and performance of embedded 32-bit ARM micro processor.Explained the technical points of low power , reliability,testability sensor test circuit and so on in the hardware system design.Putting out the component principle,design and implementation of the signal AD conversion module,memory module and network chip module of the system.
Thirdly,introduced the linux OS kernel platform with developing environment and tools.Explained the embedded system software structure and FPGA digital singnal processing technique of the software design.Analysised reduction of the embedded linux OS,transplant of the kernel and U-boot.Put out implementation of the main program in ARM,FPGA function block and FPGA function module.
Fourthely,giving out the testing of the basic performance of the transmission based on SPI and the embedded data collecting channel plate,analysised the testing result.
After debugging and testing the prototype,basicly realizing the compiling of the operating system and programming it to platform,and finished the programme of the application software in the platform,The system can work stably and attained the anticipated object.
引文
[1] 苏世栋. 智能仪器及数据采集系统的现状及发展. 运城学院学报,2004,25(4):18-19
[2] Maurice P.Marks. Future Directions in Microprocessor Technology. IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1995,30(4):371-374
[3] 徐德炳,徐兴. 数据采集与总线技术的发展. 测控技术,2002,24(6):1-6
[4] 王琳,商周,王学伟. 数据采集系统得发展与应用. 电测与仪表,2004,32(8): 5-8
[5]Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Hai Zhao. The Embedded Internet Technology Based on RealTime Kernel for non-PC Devices. Sensing and Control,2004,11(1):343-344
[6] 许强. 嵌入式系统微处理器芯片设计与展望. 中国科技信息,2005,24(2),69-70
[7] Jan Gray. Designing a Simple FPGA-Optimized RISC CPU and System-on-a-chip. In: Proceedings of System-On-Chip Design Conference. London,2001
[8] Schlansker M.S, Rau B.R. EPIC: Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing. IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2000, 33(2):37-45
[9] 王彦硕. 以太网和 USB-GPIB 接口在仪器数据采集中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京化工大学,2006.
[10] Mejia-Alvarez, H. Aydin, D. Mosse, R. Melhem. Scheduling Optional Computations in Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems. In: Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Systems and Applications. New York,2000
[11] 张翔,刘鹏,戴国俊. 嵌入式 Linux 闪存文件系统一 JFFS2 的研究. 杭州电子工业学院学报,2003,24(3):28-33
[12] L.T.Tang, P. L. So, E.Gunawan, Y.L.Guan, S.Chen, T .T .Lie. Characterization and modeling of in-building power lines for high-speed data transmission. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2003,18(3):69-77
[13] A.Girault, C. Lavarenne, Y. Sorel. Fault-Tolerant Static Scheduling for Real-Time Distributed Embedded Systems. In: The 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Wuhan,2001
[14] 吴涛,涨素娟,李伟. Linux 进程调度的数据结构. 河北理工学院学报,2005,12(2):81-85
[15] Steven J.E. Wiltonand Opportunities and Challenges ResveSaleh Programmable Logic IP Cores in SoC Design. In: Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.London,2001
[16] Peng LIU, Weidong WANG, Zhibin XIAO, et al. MediaSOC:A System-on-Chip Architecture for Multimedia Application. IEEE International Workshop on VLSI Design and Video Technology,2005,45(4):203-206
[17] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. New York:O'Reilly,2001
[18] Kozyrakis.C, Paterson.D. Vector vs Superscalar and VLIW architectures for embedded multimedia benchmarks. Proceedings of 35th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Micro-architecture,2002,28(3):293-299
[19] 袁俊杰,曹作良. 基于 Linux 嵌入式系统开发平台的建立. 天津理工大学学报,2006,22(3):26-29
[20] 孙海燕,于海勋,胡良君. 基于 ARM-Linux 平台的机载数据采集记录装置设计.宇航计测技术,2006,32(2):59-62
[21] Pham D.C Aipperspach T, Boerstler D , et al. Overview of the architecture , circuit design,and physical implementation of a first-generation cell processor. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2006,12(2):179-196
[22] Muller, HausiA Mehmet. A Reverse Engineering Approach to Subsystem Identification. Software Maintenance and Practice,1993,12 (2):181-204
[23] 陈中,嵌入式系统 bootloader 内幕.北京:电子科技出版社,2001
[24] 周斌,林喜荣,黄析伟. 嵌入式 Linux 下 NOR FLASH 的配置和使用单片机. 嵌入式系统应用,2004,12(2):25-30
[25] 郭柏,郭树旭,程顺. 基于嵌入式 Linux 系统的自动抄表数据集中器的实现.电测与仪表,2006,24(8):51-53
[26] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2001
[27] 徐晟,罗蕾. 一种嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现. 成都信息工程学院学报, 2006,32(3):56-58
[28] Imai Y, Yokouchi T, Inomo H, Shiraki W, Ishikawa H. A Linux-based engineering education literacy with hardware implementation,device drivers' programming and network learning. Information Technology,2004,30(3):63-67
[29] Michael Flynn, Patrick Hong. Microprocessor Design Issues: Thoughts on the Road Ahead. IEEE Micro,2005,25(3):16 -31
[30] 王勇, 杨勇. 嵌入式操作系统 Linux 的应用移植. 测控技术,2005,13(2):57-64
[31] 宋佳,叶敦范,梁庆九. 一种基于 ARM 嵌入式处理器的便携式智能仪器的设计. 微计算机信息,2005,21(3):53-55
[32] H.J Stolberg, M Berekovic, L Friebe, et al. HiBRID-SoC: a multi-core system-on-chip architecture for multimedia signal processing applications. In: Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition.Hangzhou,2003
[33] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers. New York:O'Reilly 2002
[34] 陈坚华,范燕,冉立新. 基于 ARM7TDMI 的 uclinux 移植电子器件. 微计算机信息,2003 ,26(2):15-18
[35] 刘云生,胡昊明. 嵌入式实时操作系统中基于页的内存保护. 计算机工程,2005,32(2):53-55
[36] Richard M, SW lman. Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection For GCC Version 2.95.New York:the Free Software Foundation,1998
[37] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. New York:O'Reilly,2003
[38] Klaus Wehrle, Frank Pahlke, Hartmut Ritter, Daniel Muller, Marc Bechler. The Linux Networking Architecture: Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in the Linux Kernel. New York:Prentice Hall,2004
[39] Ing-Jer Huang, Wen-Kai, Huang, Rui-Ting Gu, Chung-Fu Kao. A cost effective multimedia extension to ARM9 microprocessors. IEEE International Sy mposium on Circuits and Systems,2002,2(1):34-37
[40] 杨光华. 基于 ARM 核心的嵌入式系统硬件平台的研究:[硕士学位论文]. 天津:南开大学,2002
[41] 余露. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计:[硕士学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学,2003
[42] L. Fernando Friedrich, et al. A Survey of Configurable, Component-Based Operating Systems for Embedded Application. IEEE Micro,2001,32(3):203-210
[43] 王天明. 多通道通用数据采集系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[44] 郑健. 基于 uClinux 的嵌入式数据采集系统. 核电子学与探测技术,2006,12(3):24-31
[45] 马力. 远程诊断的嵌入式数据采集系统的开发:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:北京化工大学,2005
[46] 金西,黄汪. 嵌入式 Linux 及其关键技术. 微型机与应用,2000,20(2):58-60
[2] Maurice P.Marks. Future Directions in Microprocessor Technology. IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,1995,30(4):371-374
[3] 徐德炳,徐兴. 数据采集与总线技术的发展. 测控技术,2002,24(6):1-6
[4] 王琳,商周,王学伟. 数据采集系统得发展与应用. 电测与仪表,2004,32(8): 5-8
[5]Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Hai Zhao. The Embedded Internet Technology Based on RealTime Kernel for non-PC Devices. Sensing and Control,2004,11(1):343-344
[6] 许强. 嵌入式系统微处理器芯片设计与展望. 中国科技信息,2005,24(2),69-70
[7] Jan Gray. Designing a Simple FPGA-Optimized RISC CPU and System-on-a-chip. In: Proceedings of System-On-Chip Design Conference. London,2001
[8] Schlansker M.S, Rau B.R. EPIC: Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing. IEEE J.Solid-State Circuits,2000, 33(2):37-45
[9] 王彦硕. 以太网和 USB-GPIB 接口在仪器数据采集中的应用:[硕士学位论文].北京:北京化工大学,2006.
[10] Mejia-Alvarez, H. Aydin, D. Mosse, R. Melhem. Scheduling Optional Computations in Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems. In: Seventh International Conference on Real-Time Systems and Applications. New York,2000
[11] 张翔,刘鹏,戴国俊. 嵌入式 Linux 闪存文件系统一 JFFS2 的研究. 杭州电子工业学院学报,2003,24(3):28-33
[12] L.T.Tang, P. L. So, E.Gunawan, Y.L.Guan, S.Chen, T .T .Lie. Characterization and modeling of in-building power lines for high-speed data transmission. IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,2003,18(3):69-77
[13] A.Girault, C. Lavarenne, Y. Sorel. Fault-Tolerant Static Scheduling for Real-Time Distributed Embedded Systems. In: The 21st International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. Wuhan,2001
[14] 吴涛,涨素娟,李伟. Linux 进程调度的数据结构. 河北理工学院学报,2005,12(2):81-85
[15] Steven J.E. Wiltonand Opportunities and Challenges ResveSaleh Programmable Logic IP Cores in SoC Design. In: Proceedings of the Custom Integrated Circuits Conference.London,2001
[16] Peng LIU, Weidong WANG, Zhibin XIAO, et al. MediaSOC:A System-on-Chip Architecture for Multimedia Application. IEEE International Workshop on VLSI Design and Video Technology,2005,45(4):203-206
[17] Daniel P. Bovet, Marco Cesati. Understanding the Linux Kernel. New York:O'Reilly,2001
[18] Kozyrakis.C, Paterson.D. Vector vs Superscalar and VLIW architectures for embedded multimedia benchmarks. Proceedings of 35th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Micro-architecture,2002,28(3):293-299
[19] 袁俊杰,曹作良. 基于 Linux 嵌入式系统开发平台的建立. 天津理工大学学报,2006,22(3):26-29
[20] 孙海燕,于海勋,胡良君. 基于 ARM-Linux 平台的机载数据采集记录装置设计.宇航计测技术,2006,32(2):59-62
[21] Pham D.C Aipperspach T, Boerstler D , et al. Overview of the architecture , circuit design,and physical implementation of a first-generation cell processor. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits,2006,12(2):179-196
[22] Muller, HausiA Mehmet. A Reverse Engineering Approach to Subsystem Identification. Software Maintenance and Practice,1993,12 (2):181-204
[23] 陈中,嵌入式系统 bootloader 内幕.北京:电子科技出版社,2001
[24] 周斌,林喜荣,黄析伟. 嵌入式 Linux 下 NOR FLASH 的配置和使用单片机. 嵌入式系统应用,2004,12(2):25-30
[25] 郭柏,郭树旭,程顺. 基于嵌入式 Linux 系统的自动抄表数据集中器的实现.电测与仪表,2006,24(8):51-53
[26] 毛德操,胡希明. Linux 内核源代码情景分析.浙江:浙江大学出版社,2001
[27] 徐晟,罗蕾. 一种嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现. 成都信息工程学院学报, 2006,32(3):56-58
[28] Imai Y, Yokouchi T, Inomo H, Shiraki W, Ishikawa H. A Linux-based engineering education literacy with hardware implementation,device drivers' programming and network learning. Information Technology,2004,30(3):63-67
[29] Michael Flynn, Patrick Hong. Microprocessor Design Issues: Thoughts on the Road Ahead. IEEE Micro,2005,25(3):16 -31
[30] 王勇, 杨勇. 嵌入式操作系统 Linux 的应用移植. 测控技术,2005,13(2):57-64
[31] 宋佳,叶敦范,梁庆九. 一种基于 ARM 嵌入式处理器的便携式智能仪器的设计. 微计算机信息,2005,21(3):53-55
[32] H.J Stolberg, M Berekovic, L Friebe, et al. HiBRID-SoC: a multi-core system-on-chip architecture for multimedia signal processing applications. In: Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition.Hangzhou,2003
[33] Alessandro Rubini, Jonathan Corbet. Linux Device Drivers. New York:O'Reilly 2002
[34] 陈坚华,范燕,冉立新. 基于 ARM7TDMI 的 uclinux 移植电子器件. 微计算机信息,2003 ,26(2):15-18
[35] 刘云生,胡昊明. 嵌入式实时操作系统中基于页的内存保护. 计算机工程,2005,32(2):53-55
[36] Richard M, SW lman. Using and Porting the GNU Compiler Collection For GCC Version 2.95.New York:the Free Software Foundation,1998
[37] Karim Yaghmour. Building Embedded Linux Systems. New York:O'Reilly,2003
[38] Klaus Wehrle, Frank Pahlke, Hartmut Ritter, Daniel Muller, Marc Bechler. The Linux Networking Architecture: Design and Implementation of Network Protocols in the Linux Kernel. New York:Prentice Hall,2004
[39] Ing-Jer Huang, Wen-Kai, Huang, Rui-Ting Gu, Chung-Fu Kao. A cost effective multimedia extension to ARM9 microprocessors. IEEE International Sy mposium on Circuits and Systems,2002,2(1):34-37
[40] 杨光华. 基于 ARM 核心的嵌入式系统硬件平台的研究:[硕士学位论文]. 天津:南开大学,2002
[41] 余露. 基于 ARM 的嵌入式系统硬件设计:[硕士学位论文]. 杭州:浙江大学,2003
[42] L. Fernando Friedrich, et al. A Survey of Configurable, Component-Based Operating Systems for Embedded Application. IEEE Micro,2001,32(3):203-210
[43] 王天明. 多通道通用数据采集系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文]. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2003
[44] 郑健. 基于 uClinux 的嵌入式数据采集系统. 核电子学与探测技术,2006,12(3):24-31
[45] 马力. 远程诊断的嵌入式数据采集系统的开发:[硕士学位论文]. 北京:北京化工大学,2005
[46] 金西,黄汪. 嵌入式 Linux 及其关键技术. 微型机与应用,2000,20(2):58-60