高温高湿低氧环境下人体热耐受性研究
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摘要
随着社会的进步,人们对作业安全越加关注,其中,高温高湿作业环境更引起了人们的广泛重视。研究高温高湿环境下,人体的生理、心理等指标变化趋势,寻找有效的评价方法对人体热状态评估,完善现有标准体系,从而预防和减少热接触对人体的危害,是该领域研究的热点问题。而随着低氧区域高温高湿环境条件不断出现,研究在低氧区域高温高湿环境条件下的人体热耐受性特点,及对热耐受性进行评价的标准具有十分重要的科学与现实意义。本文通过大规模样本试验研究,对高温高湿低氧环境下人体耐受能力及其评价方法进行探索性研究。
通过建立高温高湿低氧环境试验舱。舱内干球温度34~42℃,相对湿度50%~100%,氧气体积分数13.1%~21%。并进行相关试验研究,建立起人体耐热极限时长与WBGT值、氧气体积分数和不同劳动强度之间的数学模型,用来预测人体在高温高湿低氧接触条件下的热耐受极限时间。
通过试验,得出人体在热接触过程中生理指标、心理指标和认知特性指标的变化趋势;确定人体极限热耐受时长及达到热耐受极限时的相关指标参数值;分析不同环境参数对人体热耐受性的影响程度。得出相应的热耐受极限评价指标,进而评价人体在此类环境下的热耐受性。
根据高温高湿低氧环境,对热评价指标PHSI进行完善。得到了不同氧气体积分数下PHSI值下的热接触危险区及安全区范围。结合人体行为功能指标和体能指标,得到高温高湿低氧环境下的工效水平指标,并依据环境划分出4类工效水平范围,为不同作业要求提供参考,完善预警系统,提高作业的安全性和有效性。从而对指导我国制定出合理的安全生产标准提供数据支持。
With the progress of modern society, the security of the operation is increasingly concerned, especially an extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen condition. In this field, a key point is to investigate the variation trends of physical and psychological indexes of human body in the presence of extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen environment. Meanwhile an effective evaluation method to assess heat state of human body and improve existing standard assessment systems is necessary. Main aim is to prevent and decrease the harm of heat exposure on human body. In this thesis, Experimental investigations of heat tolerance capability of human bodies were carried out under different extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen conditions, and a related assessment method was performed.
A chamber with an extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen condition was designed. The inside dry bulb temperature was varied from 34℃to 42℃, relative humidity from 50% to 100%, and volume percentage of oxygen from 13.1% to 21%.Through lots of experiments and tests, mathematical models were established on the relations between human body’s heat tolerance and WBGT value, volume percentage of oxygen and intensity of labor. The maximal heat tolerance limits of human body under different stream conditions can be predicted by the models.
Meanwhile, the variation trends of physiological, psychological and cognitive indexes of the human bodies were obtained. The utmost heat tolerance limit of human bodies under different stream condition and related parameters were determined. The influences of the parameters of different conditions on heat tolerance of human bodies were analyzed.
An improvement of a physiological stress index PHSI was carried out to assess the ranges of dangerous heat exposure areas and safety areas for human bodies under conditions of different oxygen volume percentages. Combining the index of action function and index of physical strength, new indexes of work efficiencies under different extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen conditions were obtained. Scopes of four types of work efficiencies were divided. Whole results from this research can give different operations empirical references, improve preventable alarm systems and safety and validity of operation, and provide reliable data to instruct reasonable and safe operations standard for stream operation conditions..
通过建立高温高湿低氧环境试验舱。舱内干球温度34~42℃,相对湿度50%~100%,氧气体积分数13.1%~21%。并进行相关试验研究,建立起人体耐热极限时长与WBGT值、氧气体积分数和不同劳动强度之间的数学模型,用来预测人体在高温高湿低氧接触条件下的热耐受极限时间。
通过试验,得出人体在热接触过程中生理指标、心理指标和认知特性指标的变化趋势;确定人体极限热耐受时长及达到热耐受极限时的相关指标参数值;分析不同环境参数对人体热耐受性的影响程度。得出相应的热耐受极限评价指标,进而评价人体在此类环境下的热耐受性。
根据高温高湿低氧环境,对热评价指标PHSI进行完善。得到了不同氧气体积分数下PHSI值下的热接触危险区及安全区范围。结合人体行为功能指标和体能指标,得到高温高湿低氧环境下的工效水平指标,并依据环境划分出4类工效水平范围,为不同作业要求提供参考,完善预警系统,提高作业的安全性和有效性。从而对指导我国制定出合理的安全生产标准提供数据支持。
With the progress of modern society, the security of the operation is increasingly concerned, especially an extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen condition. In this field, a key point is to investigate the variation trends of physical and psychological indexes of human body in the presence of extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen environment. Meanwhile an effective evaluation method to assess heat state of human body and improve existing standard assessment systems is necessary. Main aim is to prevent and decrease the harm of heat exposure on human body. In this thesis, Experimental investigations of heat tolerance capability of human bodies were carried out under different extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen conditions, and a related assessment method was performed.
A chamber with an extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen condition was designed. The inside dry bulb temperature was varied from 34℃to 42℃, relative humidity from 50% to 100%, and volume percentage of oxygen from 13.1% to 21%.Through lots of experiments and tests, mathematical models were established on the relations between human body’s heat tolerance and WBGT value, volume percentage of oxygen and intensity of labor. The maximal heat tolerance limits of human body under different stream conditions can be predicted by the models.
Meanwhile, the variation trends of physiological, psychological and cognitive indexes of the human bodies were obtained. The utmost heat tolerance limit of human bodies under different stream condition and related parameters were determined. The influences of the parameters of different conditions on heat tolerance of human bodies were analyzed.
An improvement of a physiological stress index PHSI was carried out to assess the ranges of dangerous heat exposure areas and safety areas for human bodies under conditions of different oxygen volume percentages. Combining the index of action function and index of physical strength, new indexes of work efficiencies under different extreme hot, humid and low-oxygen conditions were obtained. Scopes of four types of work efficiencies were divided. Whole results from this research can give different operations empirical references, improve preventable alarm systems and safety and validity of operation, and provide reliable data to instruct reasonable and safe operations standard for stream operation conditions..
引文
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[12] Noakes, T.D., et al. The danger of an inadequate water intake during prolonged exercise. A novel concept re-visited. Eur J Appl Physiol, 1988, 57(2): 210~219
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