无砟轨道施工测量控制中的关键技术研究
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摘要
高速行车对无砟轨道线路稳定性和平顺性提出了更高的要求,必须保证线路具有准确的几何线形参数。无砟轨道施工工艺复杂,建成后出现问题很难进行调整,因此无砟轨道的施工质量是客运专线成功建设的重要保证。论文在综述了国内外大量文献的基础上,对我国目前常用的无砟轨道施工、精调常用的方法作了细致地研究总结,结合无砟轨道测量控制的现状,提出一种适合无砟轨道精调的测量设备方案,实现了线路的精确、快速调整,提高了无砟轨道的铺设效率。
本文主要对以下工作进行了研究：
1.介绍了无砟轨道和有砟轨道的优缺点及高速铁路采用无砟轨道的必要性,分析了轨道几何形位对列车运行的影响,总结了我国目前常用轨道相对检测的两种测量模式的发展及其应用范围。
2.以CRTS I型板式无砟轨道的施工为例,总结了无砟轨道建设的一般过程,阐述了测量控制网对无砟轨道铺设的必要性,分析了“三网合一”的意义和重要性及测量控制网的测设方法、精度控制等问题。
3.总结了国内外三种常用无砟轨道的精调方法,分析了雷达板、博格板、旭普林的施工特点,在精调测量中所需的设备,精调方法及需要特别注意的关键环节。
4.针对我国无砟轨道精调的要求,提出一种适合用于无砟轨道建设、竣工和线路运营等不同阶段的三维精测小车实现方案。在分析了系统的总体目标和测量原理的基础上,设计出系统的总体构成及系统实现的方法,对关键设备和子系统之间的通讯方式进行了分析和选型,将系统涉及的软件根据功能不同,划分成了不同的模块。对三维坐标调整和线路平顺性的数学模型,给出理论推导。
5.介绍了本产品的系统构架及软件系统的工作流程,分析了模块通信和全站仪操作模块等软件操作,并进行了编程,然后对本产品在现场进行了三维精调测量试验。
High speed train sets a higher request to the track stability and track geometric condition. It is essential that the track should have accurate geometric configurate parameters. Since the complexity of ballastless track's construction technology and the difficulty in soving the problems occured after it is finished, the construction quality of ballastless track is an important guarantee for a successful construction of High-Speed Passenger Dedicated Lines. Based on a large sum of documents both at home and abroad, this thesis makes a detailed research and summary on the construction and fine adjustment of the common present ballastless track in our country. Integrated the status quo of the measurement and controling of ballastless track, it proposes a program fit for the fine measurement equipment of ballastless track, which will make a fine and rapid adjustment for the track. Then the efficiency of ballastless track's layout will be improved.
This thesis mainly makes researches on the following works.
1. It introduces the merits and demerits of ballastless track and ballasted track, the necessity of taking ballastless track for the high-speed railway. It also analyzes the influence on train operation of track geometry deformation. It summarizes the measuring modes'development and their range of application of the two common present tracks'relative detection in our country.
2. Taking the ballastless track's construction process of CRTS I slab as an example, this thesis summarizes the general process of ballastless track's construction, expounding the necessity of the surveying control network to the layou of ballastless track and analyzing the meaning and significance of the "Integration of Three Network" and the problems such as the survey coordinates method and accuracy control of the surveying control network.
3. This thesis summarizes the three common fine adjustment methods of ballastless track both at home and abroad, analyzing the construction characteristics of Rheda, Bogl and Zublin, the needed equipment in the measurement with fine adjustment, the fine adjustment methods and the crucial links which require particular attention.
4. Towards the requirements of fine adjustment of ballastless track in our country, this thesis proposes the implementation programe of the rail three dimensional accurate measurement trolley, which is fit for the construction, completing construction and operating organizations of ballastless track. Based on analyzing the overall objective and the measurement principles, the thesis designs system overall configuration and the methods about system implementation, analyzing and choosing the way of communication of the key equipment and subsystem. Different modules are partitioned according to the different functions of the sofewares related to the system. Corresponding theoretical derivations are given on account of the adjustment of three dimensional coordinate and the mathematical model of track's smoothness.
5. The thesis introduces the system structures of the product and the work procedures of sofeware system. It also analyzes and programs the sofeware operation such as the modules communicating and the operation module of the total station machine. Then it makes a fine adjustment measurement test on the product on the scene.
本文主要对以下工作进行了研究：
1.介绍了无砟轨道和有砟轨道的优缺点及高速铁路采用无砟轨道的必要性,分析了轨道几何形位对列车运行的影响,总结了我国目前常用轨道相对检测的两种测量模式的发展及其应用范围。
2.以CRTS I型板式无砟轨道的施工为例,总结了无砟轨道建设的一般过程,阐述了测量控制网对无砟轨道铺设的必要性,分析了“三网合一”的意义和重要性及测量控制网的测设方法、精度控制等问题。
3.总结了国内外三种常用无砟轨道的精调方法,分析了雷达板、博格板、旭普林的施工特点,在精调测量中所需的设备,精调方法及需要特别注意的关键环节。
4.针对我国无砟轨道精调的要求,提出一种适合用于无砟轨道建设、竣工和线路运营等不同阶段的三维精测小车实现方案。在分析了系统的总体目标和测量原理的基础上,设计出系统的总体构成及系统实现的方法,对关键设备和子系统之间的通讯方式进行了分析和选型,将系统涉及的软件根据功能不同,划分成了不同的模块。对三维坐标调整和线路平顺性的数学模型,给出理论推导。
5.介绍了本产品的系统构架及软件系统的工作流程,分析了模块通信和全站仪操作模块等软件操作,并进行了编程,然后对本产品在现场进行了三维精调测量试验。
High speed train sets a higher request to the track stability and track geometric condition. It is essential that the track should have accurate geometric configurate parameters. Since the complexity of ballastless track's construction technology and the difficulty in soving the problems occured after it is finished, the construction quality of ballastless track is an important guarantee for a successful construction of High-Speed Passenger Dedicated Lines. Based on a large sum of documents both at home and abroad, this thesis makes a detailed research and summary on the construction and fine adjustment of the common present ballastless track in our country. Integrated the status quo of the measurement and controling of ballastless track, it proposes a program fit for the fine measurement equipment of ballastless track, which will make a fine and rapid adjustment for the track. Then the efficiency of ballastless track's layout will be improved.
This thesis mainly makes researches on the following works.
1. It introduces the merits and demerits of ballastless track and ballasted track, the necessity of taking ballastless track for the high-speed railway. It also analyzes the influence on train operation of track geometry deformation. It summarizes the measuring modes'development and their range of application of the two common present tracks'relative detection in our country.
2. Taking the ballastless track's construction process of CRTS I slab as an example, this thesis summarizes the general process of ballastless track's construction, expounding the necessity of the surveying control network to the layou of ballastless track and analyzing the meaning and significance of the "Integration of Three Network" and the problems such as the survey coordinates method and accuracy control of the surveying control network.
3. This thesis summarizes the three common fine adjustment methods of ballastless track both at home and abroad, analyzing the construction characteristics of Rheda, Bogl and Zublin, the needed equipment in the measurement with fine adjustment, the fine adjustment methods and the crucial links which require particular attention.
4. Towards the requirements of fine adjustment of ballastless track in our country, this thesis proposes the implementation programe of the rail three dimensional accurate measurement trolley, which is fit for the construction, completing construction and operating organizations of ballastless track. Based on analyzing the overall objective and the measurement principles, the thesis designs system overall configuration and the methods about system implementation, analyzing and choosing the way of communication of the key equipment and subsystem. Different modules are partitioned according to the different functions of the sofewares related to the system. Corresponding theoretical derivations are given on account of the adjustment of three dimensional coordinate and the mathematical model of track's smoothness.
5. The thesis introduces the system structures of the product and the work procedures of sofeware system. It also analyzes and programs the sofeware operation such as the modules communicating and the operation module of the total station machine. Then it makes a fine adjustment measurement test on the product on the scene.
引文
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[18]刘中华.荷比高速铁路Rheda无砟轨道轨道测量技术.山西建筑,2007,33(18)：347～348
[19]陶本藻.自由网平差与变形分析.武汉：武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
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[23]张小娟.京津城际轨道交通用轨道板制造的几个问题探讨.铁道标准设计,2009,35(22)：292～293
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