网络语言探析
摘要
广义上的网语指的是与网络有关的一切语言。它由三种语言成分构成：一指与网络文化现象相关的网络新词语,如“网民”、“黑客”。二是指与计算机、网络技术有关的专业术语,如“网络、软件”等等。三是指网民在聊天室聊天时所用的特殊用语,如“东东”(东西)、“菜鸟”(初学上网的人)。本文将第三类作为重点的探讨对象。
网络语言从本质上来说是现代汉语的一种社会变体,是一种伴随着互联网的普及、网民这一群体的出现和壮大而产生的一种新的社会语言现象。
网络语言具有记录社会现实的功能,丰富生活的功能,疏导心理压力、平衡心理的功能。
网络语言兼具书面语和口语语体特征,从形式上来说,它与书面语言类似,但又具有口语的表现方式。它是一种从形式上和内容上体现了杂糅的现代汉语书面语和口语特征的新的现代汉语的社会变体。
网民追求快捷高效的心理导致网络语言中出现大量的谐音代字；求新求异的心理导致网络语言具有别字构词、旧词“歪”解、旧词新解、拆字构词、重叠式构词大量出现、形象生动的特点；从众、趋同的心理导致网络语言具有了时尚、易变和约定俗成的迅捷的特点；期待“活在别处”的心理导致网络语言具有真实地表达自我和虚伪地自我掩饰两个方面的特点。
网络语境中大量的键盘符号,由于没有语音形式或语音形式不固定,书写形体也不同于文字形式,表示一定不确定意义内容,成为网络语言的特殊的辅助表达形式。
键盘符号的构成要素有：表谐音的数字、表形的键盘符号、字母表示汉语拼音缩略形式、字母表示英语单词缩略形式、表示某种特定抽象含义的阿拉伯数字特别组合。
它的特点表现在：语音上有时会保留外语借词的发音,出现了辅音连缀的现象；简洁；形象；不易认知。
国内专家学者、普通人对网络语言的态度有两种不同的表现,或表示担忧和排斥,或表示欢迎和接纳。通过对某高校学生进行的问卷调查,说明我们首先必须接受网络语言这一已经被普遍接受的新兴事物；其次,必须正视并重网络语言对网民产生的影响；再次,必须对网络语言进行必要的引导和监督。
In a broad sense, web language refers to all the concerned network-related language. It consists of three languages ingredients:the new net words involved with the net cultural phenomenon, such as "netizens", "hackers." The second is professional term involved with computer and network, such as "networking, software" and so on. The third is special words used by the Netizens in the chat room, such as "East" (things), "rookie" (internet beginner). This dissertation will focus on the third one.
Internet language is essentially a kind of social change of modern Chinese, and it is a new social linguistic phenomenon along with the popularity of the Internet, the emergence and growing up of the Netizen group.
The web language can record the social reality; it has a function of enriching the life; the network platform can be used for easing their psychological pressure and balancing the psychological state.
Web language both possesses the characteristics of written and spoken language, that is, it is the similar with the written language by its form, but it also has the form of spoken expression. It is a new social change of modern Chinese which embodies the characteristics of modern written language and spoken language from the form and content.
The psychology of the Netizen to pursue efficiency leads to the emergence of a large number of phonograms; The psychology of pursuing novelty and differences makes the web language have the following characteristics:the words composed with the wrong words, the new interpretation of old words, the words composed with separating the words, the words composed with overlapping and vividness; Sheep mentality and adaptive mentality make the web language have the features of fashion, changeable, established by usage and quickness; hoping to "live elsewhere" psychological causes the web language has the following two characteristics:to truly express themselves and hypocritically self-cover.
A lot of web keyboard signals in the web language condition became Special auxiliary expressions of the web language because the web language has non-speech, non-fixation of speech, being different from the written language and expressing incertitude meaning
The components of the keyboard symbol are:the number symbolizing the homonym, the keyboard symbol symbolizing the figure, the christcross-row symbolizing the abbreviation of Chinese phonetics, the letter symbolizing the abbreviation of English words, the special combination of Arabic numerals symbolizing the particular abstract meanings.
Its features are:sometimes, it will reserve the borrowing words pronunciation of foreign language, consonant cluster exists; concise; vividness image; difficultly to recognize.
Domestic experts and the ordinary have two different attitudes to the web language, some express their concern and exclusion, some express their welcome and acceptance. According to the survey on the certain college students, we firstly have to accept the web language, which has been already widely accepted new things; Secondly, we must envisage its influence to the Netizen; finally, we must conduct necessary guide and supervision for the web language.
网络语言从本质上来说是现代汉语的一种社会变体,是一种伴随着互联网的普及、网民这一群体的出现和壮大而产生的一种新的社会语言现象。
网络语言具有记录社会现实的功能,丰富生活的功能,疏导心理压力、平衡心理的功能。
网络语言兼具书面语和口语语体特征,从形式上来说,它与书面语言类似,但又具有口语的表现方式。它是一种从形式上和内容上体现了杂糅的现代汉语书面语和口语特征的新的现代汉语的社会变体。
网民追求快捷高效的心理导致网络语言中出现大量的谐音代字；求新求异的心理导致网络语言具有别字构词、旧词“歪”解、旧词新解、拆字构词、重叠式构词大量出现、形象生动的特点；从众、趋同的心理导致网络语言具有了时尚、易变和约定俗成的迅捷的特点；期待“活在别处”的心理导致网络语言具有真实地表达自我和虚伪地自我掩饰两个方面的特点。
网络语境中大量的键盘符号,由于没有语音形式或语音形式不固定,书写形体也不同于文字形式,表示一定不确定意义内容,成为网络语言的特殊的辅助表达形式。
键盘符号的构成要素有：表谐音的数字、表形的键盘符号、字母表示汉语拼音缩略形式、字母表示英语单词缩略形式、表示某种特定抽象含义的阿拉伯数字特别组合。
它的特点表现在：语音上有时会保留外语借词的发音,出现了辅音连缀的现象；简洁；形象；不易认知。
国内专家学者、普通人对网络语言的态度有两种不同的表现,或表示担忧和排斥,或表示欢迎和接纳。通过对某高校学生进行的问卷调查,说明我们首先必须接受网络语言这一已经被普遍接受的新兴事物；其次,必须正视并重网络语言对网民产生的影响；再次,必须对网络语言进行必要的引导和监督。
In a broad sense, web language refers to all the concerned network-related language. It consists of three languages ingredients:the new net words involved with the net cultural phenomenon, such as "netizens", "hackers." The second is professional term involved with computer and network, such as "networking, software" and so on. The third is special words used by the Netizens in the chat room, such as "East" (things), "rookie" (internet beginner). This dissertation will focus on the third one.
Internet language is essentially a kind of social change of modern Chinese, and it is a new social linguistic phenomenon along with the popularity of the Internet, the emergence and growing up of the Netizen group.
The web language can record the social reality; it has a function of enriching the life; the network platform can be used for easing their psychological pressure and balancing the psychological state.
Web language both possesses the characteristics of written and spoken language, that is, it is the similar with the written language by its form, but it also has the form of spoken expression. It is a new social change of modern Chinese which embodies the characteristics of modern written language and spoken language from the form and content.
The psychology of the Netizen to pursue efficiency leads to the emergence of a large number of phonograms; The psychology of pursuing novelty and differences makes the web language have the following characteristics:the words composed with the wrong words, the new interpretation of old words, the words composed with separating the words, the words composed with overlapping and vividness; Sheep mentality and adaptive mentality make the web language have the features of fashion, changeable, established by usage and quickness; hoping to "live elsewhere" psychological causes the web language has the following two characteristics:to truly express themselves and hypocritically self-cover.
A lot of web keyboard signals in the web language condition became Special auxiliary expressions of the web language because the web language has non-speech, non-fixation of speech, being different from the written language and expressing incertitude meaning
The components of the keyboard symbol are:the number symbolizing the homonym, the keyboard symbol symbolizing the figure, the christcross-row symbolizing the abbreviation of Chinese phonetics, the letter symbolizing the abbreviation of English words, the special combination of Arabic numerals symbolizing the particular abstract meanings.
Its features are:sometimes, it will reserve the borrowing words pronunciation of foreign language, consonant cluster exists; concise; vividness image; difficultly to recognize.
Domestic experts and the ordinary have two different attitudes to the web language, some express their concern and exclusion, some express their welcome and acceptance. According to the survey on the certain college students, we firstly have to accept the web language, which has been already widely accepted new things; Secondly, we must envisage its influence to the Netizen; finally, we must conduct necessary guide and supervision for the web language.
引文
1施春红；语言调节与语言变异[J]；21；语文建设；1999,4-5
1于根元；中国网络语言词典,前言[M]；19；中国经济出版社；2001
1闵毅；信息时代下现代汉语的功能变体——网络语言初探[J]；44；科技信息；2008.5
1姚双喜,郭龙生；媒体语言[M]；79；经济科学出版社；2002
[1]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[2]郑远汉；关于“网络语言”[J].5；华中科技大学学报(人文社科版)；2002.3
[3]于根元.应用语言学概论[M].237；商务印书馆；2003
[4]刘世生,朱瑞青；文体学概论[M]；256—257；北京大学出版社：2006
[5]伍铁平；普通语言学概要[M]；87-88；高等教育出版社：1998
[6]陈原；社会语言学[M]；188-192；学林出版社；1997
[7]闵毅；信息时代下现代汉语的功能变体——网络语言初探[J].45；科技信息；2008.5
[8]乔星：社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；160；太原城市职业技术学院学报；2009.2
[9][1]中国互联网络信息中心：CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[10]真田信治,等；社会语言学概论[M]；王素梅,等,译；79-82；上海译文出版社,2002
[11]陶然,等；网络成瘾探析与干预[M]；215；上海人民出版社；2007
[12]何自然,等；认知语用学——言语交际的认知研究；57-61；上海外语教育出版社；2007
[13]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[14]于根元；中国网络语言词典,前言[M]；33：中国经济出版社；2001
[15]张玉玲；网络语言的语体学研究：[博士学位论文]；68；复旦大学；2008
[16]王德春,孙汝建,姚远；社会心理语言学[M]；10；上海外语教育出版社；2004
[17]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[18]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室,编[M]；1042；商务印书馆；1994
[19]巫汉祥；寻找另类空间---网络与生存[M]；144；厦门大学出版社；2000
[20]李少丹；谈网络语言的变异现象[J]；四川理工学院学报：社会科学版；121；2006.4
[21]涂燕萍；孩子,有话你就好好说…关于中小学生使用网络语言的讨论[J]；江西教育；11-14；2007.1
[22]王琪,时爽,张义冉；网络语言何去何从[J].教育文汇；22-24；2006.9
[23]乔星；社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；太原城市职业技术学院学报；160；2009.2
[24]乔星；社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；太原城市职业技术学院学报；160；2009.2
[25]http://www.chinavalue.net/media/article aspx article id=3366
[26]http://www.chinavalue.net/media/article aspx article id=3366
1于根元；中国网络语言词典,前言[M]；19；中国经济出版社；2001
1闵毅；信息时代下现代汉语的功能变体——网络语言初探[J]；44；科技信息；2008.5
1姚双喜,郭龙生；媒体语言[M]；79；经济科学出版社；2002
[1]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[2]郑远汉；关于“网络语言”[J].5；华中科技大学学报(人文社科版)；2002.3
[3]于根元.应用语言学概论[M].237；商务印书馆；2003
[4]刘世生,朱瑞青；文体学概论[M]；256—257；北京大学出版社：2006
[5]伍铁平；普通语言学概要[M]；87-88；高等教育出版社：1998
[6]陈原；社会语言学[M]；188-192；学林出版社；1997
[7]闵毅；信息时代下现代汉语的功能变体——网络语言初探[J].45；科技信息；2008.5
[8]乔星：社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；160；太原城市职业技术学院学报；2009.2
[9][1]中国互联网络信息中心：CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[10]真田信治,等；社会语言学概论[M]；王素梅,等,译；79-82；上海译文出版社,2002
[11]陶然,等；网络成瘾探析与干预[M]；215；上海人民出版社；2007
[12]何自然,等；认知语用学——言语交际的认知研究；57-61；上海外语教育出版社；2007
[13]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[14]于根元；中国网络语言词典,前言[M]；33：中国经济出版社；2001
[15]张玉玲；网络语言的语体学研究：[博士学位论文]；68；复旦大学；2008
[16]王德春,孙汝建,姚远；社会心理语言学[M]；10；上海外语教育出版社；2004
[17]中国互联网络信息中心；CNNIC发布《第25次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[EB/OL]; http://www.cnnic.net.cn/html/dir/2010/01/15/5447.htm
[18]中国社会科学院语言研究所词典编辑室,编[M]；1042；商务印书馆；1994
[19]巫汉祥；寻找另类空间---网络与生存[M]；144；厦门大学出版社；2000
[20]李少丹；谈网络语言的变异现象[J]；四川理工学院学报：社会科学版；121；2006.4
[21]涂燕萍；孩子,有话你就好好说…关于中小学生使用网络语言的讨论[J]；江西教育；11-14；2007.1
[22]王琪,时爽,张义冉；网络语言何去何从[J].教育文汇；22-24；2006.9
[23]乔星；社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；太原城市职业技术学院学报；160；2009.2
[24]乔星；社会语言学视角中的网络语言[J]；太原城市职业技术学院学报；160；2009.2
[25]http://www.chinavalue.net/media/article aspx article id=3366
[26]http://www.chinavalue.net/media/article aspx article id=3366