堆肥腐熟度快速测定指标和方法的建立
摘要
现有的堆肥腐熟度指标种类繁多，适应范围各不相同。本文对现有的堆肥腐熟度物理评价指标、化学评价指标、生物评价指标和波谱分析法四大类的30多个指标的优缺点进行了分析评价，通过对其适用范围、量化程度、测定方式的简便程度逐一进行比较，筛选出部分可以进行快速测定的畜禽粪便堆肥和污泥堆肥腐熟度指标，包括pH值、电导率(EC)、总有机碳(TOC)、全氮(TN)、固相C／N、水溶性碳(WSC)、总有机碳／全氮(WSC／TN)、水溶性铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)、水溶性硝态氮(NO_3~--N)和E_4／E_6等。并在实验室进行了污泥+麦秸、鸡粪+麦秸、牛粪+麦秸、猪粪+麦秸四个处理的高温堆肥试验，分析了选定的快速腐熟度评价指标随堆肥时间的变化规律。通过对其与一些传统意义上，应用广泛的成熟堆肥腐熟度指标，如固相C／N、水溶性有机碳氮比(WSC／N-org)、种子发芽率(GI)等指标做显著性相关检验和评价，筛选出具有评价效果好，测定方法简便的3个快速测定指标，即利用堆肥水浸提液测定水溶碳(WSC)、水溶性NH_4~+-N和水溶性E_4／E_6。
考虑到堆肥的实用意义，种子发芽率(GI)应是最具说服力的堆肥腐熟度指标，一般认为GI≥85％以上时，堆肥已经完全腐熟，因此本文以堆肥过程中GI≥85％为参比标准，确定了各堆肥处理腐熟度快速测定指标的腐熟阈值和临界值：WSC含量下降到0.3％～0.6％时；或水溶性NH_4~+-N下降为200～300mg／kg时；或E_4／E_6下降到1.5～1.9之间时，可以认为堆肥已经完全腐熟。规范了3个快速测定指标的测定方法，并通过对一些堆肥工厂腐熟堆肥的实际应用对其进行了验证，最终建立起适合工厂化堆肥处理的畜禽粪便和污泥的腐熟度快速测定指标。
Compost maturity is an important factor during the compost application. This test was conducted to study the foundation and use of simple indexes and rapid mensuration of compost maturity. According to the compost test in an automatic compost device using feed plot manure (chicken manure, pig manure , cow manure ) and wheat straw , municipal sewage sludge and wheat straw, it showed that there is high correlation between the ratio of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (C/N), the ratio of water-solule organic carbon to organic nitrogen( WSC/N-org), seed germination index (GI) and the ratio of water-solule organic carbon to total organic nitrogen (WSC/TN), the content of water-soluble NH4+-N, the content of water-soluble NO3--N, E4/E6, the content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSC). And in these indexes, mensurations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSC), water-soluble NH4+-N, E4/E6 are simpler than water-solule organic carbon to total organic nitrogen (WSC/TN) , and used as simple indexes and measuration of compost maturity.
when GI is above 85%, the compost is almost stabilized and matured, on basis of high correlation , when the content of WSC decreased to 0.3%-0.6%, or the content of water soluble NH4+-N decreased to 200~300mg/kg, or E4/E6, decreased to 1.5~ 1.9, the compost is stabilized and matured. Not only numerical value of simple indexes is provided, but also mensuration is prescribed in the test, and a system of simple indexes and rapid mensuration of compost maturity is proof-tested and concstructed.
考虑到堆肥的实用意义，种子发芽率(GI)应是最具说服力的堆肥腐熟度指标，一般认为GI≥85％以上时，堆肥已经完全腐熟，因此本文以堆肥过程中GI≥85％为参比标准，确定了各堆肥处理腐熟度快速测定指标的腐熟阈值和临界值：WSC含量下降到0.3％～0.6％时；或水溶性NH_4~+-N下降为200～300mg／kg时；或E_4／E_6下降到1.5～1.9之间时，可以认为堆肥已经完全腐熟。规范了3个快速测定指标的测定方法，并通过对一些堆肥工厂腐熟堆肥的实际应用对其进行了验证，最终建立起适合工厂化堆肥处理的畜禽粪便和污泥的腐熟度快速测定指标。
Compost maturity is an important factor during the compost application. This test was conducted to study the foundation and use of simple indexes and rapid mensuration of compost maturity. According to the compost test in an automatic compost device using feed plot manure (chicken manure, pig manure , cow manure ) and wheat straw , municipal sewage sludge and wheat straw, it showed that there is high correlation between the ratio of organic carbon to organic nitrogen (C/N), the ratio of water-solule organic carbon to organic nitrogen( WSC/N-org), seed germination index (GI) and the ratio of water-solule organic carbon to total organic nitrogen (WSC/TN), the content of water-soluble NH4+-N, the content of water-soluble NO3--N, E4/E6, the content of water-soluble organic carbon (WSC). And in these indexes, mensurations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSC), water-soluble NH4+-N, E4/E6 are simpler than water-solule organic carbon to total organic nitrogen (WSC/TN) , and used as simple indexes and measuration of compost maturity.
when GI is above 85%, the compost is almost stabilized and matured, on basis of high correlation , when the content of WSC decreased to 0.3%-0.6%, or the content of water soluble NH4+-N decreased to 200~300mg/kg, or E4/E6, decreased to 1.5~ 1.9, the compost is stabilized and matured. Not only numerical value of simple indexes is provided, but also mensuration is prescribed in the test, and a system of simple indexes and rapid mensuration of compost maturity is proof-tested and concstructed.
引文
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