当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗实验性慢性细菌性前列腺炎的研究
|
摘要
本论文分为文献综述、理论研究和实验研究三部分。
1文献综述
全面查阅整理了近十余年来国内外有关慢性细菌性前列腺炎(CBP)的研究文献资料,掌握了目前西医、中医对慢性细菌性前列腺炎的流行病学、发病机理、治疗用药及治疗方法等方面的研究进展,对当归贝母苦参丸方中药物的研究和临床应用进行了系统的总结和综述,为本课题的研究提供了前期工作基础。慢性细菌性前列腺炎的发病率不断上升,发病年龄趋向年轻化,而抗生素治疗难以取得满意疗效,容易复发。中医药既可调节机体整体状况,又针对前列腺局部的病理变化,有独特的优势。当归贝母苦参丸主要用于治疗泌尿和生殖系统感染,且治疗效果很好,但对本方的实验研究和全方的药理研究未见文献报道,至今仍是空白,值得我们深入探讨和研究。
2理论研究
在中医理论指导下,结合中西医的研究现状,探讨了CBP与湿热和血瘀的关系。CBP的发生与湿热、血瘀血虚密切相关,湿热兼瘀证是其常见证型,其治则当是清利湿热,活血化瘀,兼以温补。通过参考历代文献对当归贝母苦参丸全方及方中药物的论述,分析了该方的组方特点为苦辛同用,清宣兼施,利湿之中有润燥之品相兼,治血之中有理气之味匡助,气血并调,上下兼顾,药味简炼,配伍精当。阐明了治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎用该方的科学性和可行性,为本课题的研究提供了理论依据。
3实验研究
目的:(1)对当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗CBP的效果进行观察、评价;(2)对当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗CBP的作用机理进行探讨。
方法:将体重250±20g的雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、西药对照组、当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗高、中、低剂量组,共6组,每组10只。适应性喂养3天后,利用微创技术开腹在直视下前列腺局部注射大肠埃希菌制备慢性细菌性前列腺炎动物模型(空白对照组注射等量的生理盐水),造模2周后,各组大鼠灌胃用药。当归贝母苦参丸由传统的丸剂改为适合用于实验的煎剂,按成人临床每日服用剂量当归15g、浙贝母20g、苦参15g,高、中、低剂量组分别为成人用药剂量的14倍、7倍和3.5倍,含生药浓度为1.1667g/ml、0.5833g/ml和0.2917g/ml。西药对照组用诺氟沙星悬浮液,按成人每日用量0.8g的7倍,药物浓度为0.0093g/ml。模型组和空白对照组用等容量蒸馏水灌胃。各组大鼠按1ml/100g体重/d,每日1次,用药4周后取材,观测指标。(1)肉眼观察各组大鼠前列腺大小、硬度、颜色及与周围组织的粘连情况;(2)光镜下观察各组大鼠前列腺组织的病理变化;(3)各组大鼠前列腺白细胞(WBC)及卵磷脂小体(SPL)计数;(4)测各组大鼠全血粘度;(5)测各组大鼠前列腺组织匀浆液中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量;(6)免疫组化染色法观察各组大鼠前列腺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达情况;(7)放免法测各组大鼠前列腺组织匀浆液中双氢睾酮(DHT)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)含量的改变;(8)逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)从基因水平测各组大鼠前列腺组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA的基因表达。
结果:(1)当归贝母苦参煎剂能显著减小CBP大鼠病变范围,减轻前列腺与周围组织的粘连;能显著降低炎性细胞浸润程度和间质纤维增生程度,增加腺腔内分泌物;能显著减少CBP大鼠前列腺组织中的白细胞数,增加其中的卵磷脂小体数。实验数据表明,当归贝母苦参高剂量煎剂治疗CBP的效果为最好。
(2)当归贝母苦参煎剂能显著降低CBP模型大鼠的全血粘度;对于CBP模型大鼠的前列腺组织,当归贝母苦参煎剂可以显著升高其中的SOD含量和降低MDA含量;可显著降低其中DHT的含量;对其中的SIgA含量变化无统计学差异;能显著下调其中ICAM-1的表达;能显著升高其中的IL-2含量和降低IL-8含量,而对IL-6含量有轻微降低,但无统计学意义;能显著减少其中的炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的产生,这不仅是在细胞水平基础上,而且在基因转录水平上得到印证。
(3)当归贝母苦参高剂量煎剂在降低CBP模型大鼠的全血粘度,升高其前列腺组织中的SOD、IL-2的含量,降低其中ICAM-1、TNF-α的免疫组化阳性表达,降低其中的IL-1β、IL-8、DHT含量,降低其前列腺组织中TNF-αmRNA、IL-1βmRNA的基因表达等方面优于阳性对照药。
结论:(1)本课题利用现代科学手段,验证了当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗实验性CBP具有良好的效果,证实了当归贝母苦参丸治疗CBP疗效的确切性。
(2)从前列腺组织的整体水平、细胞水平和基因水平阐述了当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的作用机理。当归贝母苦参煎剂主要作用机理可能在于:①具有较好的抗炎、抗纤维增生、杀菌作用;②可恢复前列腺的分泌功能,对腺体有促分泌作用;能促进局部组织的血液循环,改善药物在前列腺中的渗透;③具有抗氧化、清除自由基作用;④能降低前列腺组织中的DHT;⑤能提高机体的免疫功能,对机体内的免疫分子有调节作用,降低ICAM-1的阳性表达,增强抗炎性细胞因子表达,抑制促炎性细胞因子表达。这为临床上使用本方提供了确切证据,表明本研究具有临床实用意义和创新性。但本实验对当归贝母苦参煎剂调节前列腺中IL-6和SIgA水平的机制尚需进一步研究阐明。
There are three parts in this thesis:Literature Reviews,Theoretical Research and Experimental Research.
1 Literature Reviews
Through the comprehensive literature of the chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) at home and abroad in latest over ten years,the progress in clinical epidemiology,pathogeny,medicine and methods of treatment were grasped.The pharmacology of herbs in Dangguibeimukushen pill(DGBMKS pill) and the clinical application of DGBMKS pill also were summarized.Based on these researches,the foundation of this project was laid.The morbility of CBP is increasing worldwide and the disease age is getting younger,but the satisfactory effects can't be gained through antibiotics and CBP easily has a relapse.Chinese medicine can not only adjust the whole condition of the organism,but also cure the regional pathological changes of prostate,so it has the distinct advantages.DGBMKS pill is mainly applied to treat the infection of urinary and reproductive systoms and tbe therapeutic efficacy is well.But there aren't the literature of the experimental and pharmacological researches on DGBMKS pill,so these researches should be carried out.
2 Theoretical Research
Based on the guiding of Chinese medical theories and the literature reviews, the relationships between the dampness-heat,blood stasis and CBP were explored.The occurance of CBP is closely related to dampness-heat,blood stasis and blood deficiency.The Zheng of dampness-heat with blood stasis is the common Zheng style of CBP.The principle of treatment is clearing away dampness -heat,activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis,warming and tonifying.According to the literature on the herbs of DGBMKS pill,its characteristics were analyzed.These are the herbs pungent in flavour,warm in nature and having the functions of clearing and dispersing are comprised;there are the herbs of clearing away dampness in company with moistening dryness and treating blood in company with regulating Qi in this prescription;this prescription can adjust blood and Qi and give consideration to the upper and the lower of body;it is brief and refined.The part showed the project was scientific and feasible and gave the theoretical support to the project.
3 Experimental Research
Objective:(1)To observe and estimate the effect of Dangguibeimukushen decoction(DGBMKS decoction) on CBP;(2)To explore the mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction treating CBP through the experimental research.
Methods:60 male,250±20g,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(10 in each):the control group(A),the model group(B),the western medicine group(C),the high(D),middle(E) and low(F)-dose groups of DGBMKS decoction.After 3 days of adaptively feeding,the CBP models were established in the latter 5 groups by injecting E.coli into the dorsal lobes of the prostate while the control group being injected 0.9%NS instead of E.coli.Two weeks Iater,DGBMKS decoction was perfused into the rat stomachs of D,E and F groups.The density of high-dose was 1.1667g/ml,the middle was 0.5833g/ml and the low was 0.2917g/ml.These were 14 times,7 times and 3.5 times of the adult dose which was DANGGUI 15g,ZHEBEIMU 20g and KUSHEN 15g in clinic respectively.Norfloxacin suspension was administrated to C group.Its density was 0.0093g/ml,whichwas 7 times of the adult dose—0.8g.While the same volume distilled water was administrated to the control group and the model group.The intragastric administration was 1ml/100g/d,once daily and for four weeks.
Items detected:(1)the size,hardness,color and adhesion of the prostates; (2) the histopathological changes of the prostates;(3) White blood cell(WBC) count and the density of Small particle of lecithin(SPL) in the prostates;(4)the whole blood viscosity;(5)the contents of Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the prostates;(6)the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α) and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) by immunohistochemistry; (7)the contents of Dihydrotestosterone(DHT)、Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)、Interleukin-2(IL-2)、Interleukin-6(IL-6)、Interleukin-8(IL-8)、Secreted Immunoglobulin A(SIgA) in the prostates by radioimmunoassay (RIA);(8)the mRNA gene expression of IL-1β、TNF-αin the prostates through Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).
Results:(1)The extent of disease and adhesion of the prostates were significantly decreased;The inflammatory cell inflatration and the hyperplasia of fibrous tissue were significantly diminished and the secretion in prostate was significantly increased;the numbers of WBC was significantly decreased while the density of SPL was significantly increased by DGBMKS decoction.According to the data of experiments,the high-dose DGBMKS decoction had the best effect on CBP.
(2)The whole blood viscosity was significantly decreased;the contents of SOD were significantly increased and MDA were significantly decreased;the content of DHT was significantly decreased;the content of SIgA was not statistically significant;the expression of ICAM-1 was significantly decreased;the content of IL-2 was significantly increased and that of IL-8 was significantly decreased;the content of IL-6 was decreased,but it was not statistically significant;the mRNA gene expression of TNF-αand IL-1βwere significantly inhibited by DGBMKS decoction.
(3)The high-dose DGBMKS decoction was better effective in decreasing the whole blood viscosity,increasing the contents of SOD and IL-2,decreasing the immunohistochemistry expressiones of ICAM-1 and TNF-α,decreasing the contents of IL-1β、IL-8 and DHT and inhibiting mRNA gene expressiones of TNF-αand IL-1βthan the positive medicine(Norfloxacin).
Conclusion:(1)Through the modern and scientific methods;the favourable effect of DGBMKS decoction on CBP was verified.This illustrated the certainty of DGBMKS decoction curing CBP.
(2)The mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction on treating CBP were expounded on the levels of the whole,cell and gene.The mechanisms lay on:①reducing inflammation, depressing the hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and sterilizing;②recovering the secretion of prostate,improving microcirculation and permeation of medicine;③antioxidating and removing free radical;④decreasing DHT;⑤promoting immune function and adjusting the cytokine.The project provided the precise evidences to administrate DGBMKS decoction.The practical significance in clinical and the creativeness were demonstrated.But the mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction adjusting IL-6 and SIgA need to be studied further.
1文献综述
全面查阅整理了近十余年来国内外有关慢性细菌性前列腺炎(CBP)的研究文献资料,掌握了目前西医、中医对慢性细菌性前列腺炎的流行病学、发病机理、治疗用药及治疗方法等方面的研究进展,对当归贝母苦参丸方中药物的研究和临床应用进行了系统的总结和综述,为本课题的研究提供了前期工作基础。慢性细菌性前列腺炎的发病率不断上升,发病年龄趋向年轻化,而抗生素治疗难以取得满意疗效,容易复发。中医药既可调节机体整体状况,又针对前列腺局部的病理变化,有独特的优势。当归贝母苦参丸主要用于治疗泌尿和生殖系统感染,且治疗效果很好,但对本方的实验研究和全方的药理研究未见文献报道,至今仍是空白,值得我们深入探讨和研究。
2理论研究
在中医理论指导下,结合中西医的研究现状,探讨了CBP与湿热和血瘀的关系。CBP的发生与湿热、血瘀血虚密切相关,湿热兼瘀证是其常见证型,其治则当是清利湿热,活血化瘀,兼以温补。通过参考历代文献对当归贝母苦参丸全方及方中药物的论述,分析了该方的组方特点为苦辛同用,清宣兼施,利湿之中有润燥之品相兼,治血之中有理气之味匡助,气血并调,上下兼顾,药味简炼,配伍精当。阐明了治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎用该方的科学性和可行性,为本课题的研究提供了理论依据。
3实验研究
目的:(1)对当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗CBP的效果进行观察、评价;(2)对当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗CBP的作用机理进行探讨。
方法:将体重250±20g的雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白对照组、模型组、西药对照组、当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗高、中、低剂量组,共6组,每组10只。适应性喂养3天后,利用微创技术开腹在直视下前列腺局部注射大肠埃希菌制备慢性细菌性前列腺炎动物模型(空白对照组注射等量的生理盐水),造模2周后,各组大鼠灌胃用药。当归贝母苦参丸由传统的丸剂改为适合用于实验的煎剂,按成人临床每日服用剂量当归15g、浙贝母20g、苦参15g,高、中、低剂量组分别为成人用药剂量的14倍、7倍和3.5倍,含生药浓度为1.1667g/ml、0.5833g/ml和0.2917g/ml。西药对照组用诺氟沙星悬浮液,按成人每日用量0.8g的7倍,药物浓度为0.0093g/ml。模型组和空白对照组用等容量蒸馏水灌胃。各组大鼠按1ml/100g体重/d,每日1次,用药4周后取材,观测指标。(1)肉眼观察各组大鼠前列腺大小、硬度、颜色及与周围组织的粘连情况;(2)光镜下观察各组大鼠前列腺组织的病理变化;(3)各组大鼠前列腺白细胞(WBC)及卵磷脂小体(SPL)计数;(4)测各组大鼠全血粘度;(5)测各组大鼠前列腺组织匀浆液中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量;(6)免疫组化染色法观察各组大鼠前列腺组织肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、粘附分子-1(ICAM-1)的表达情况;(7)放免法测各组大鼠前列腺组织匀浆液中双氢睾酮(DHT)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白介素-2(IL-2)、白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-8(IL-8)、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIgA)含量的改变;(8)逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)从基因水平测各组大鼠前列腺组织IL-1βmRNA、TNF-αmRNA的基因表达。
结果:(1)当归贝母苦参煎剂能显著减小CBP大鼠病变范围,减轻前列腺与周围组织的粘连;能显著降低炎性细胞浸润程度和间质纤维增生程度,增加腺腔内分泌物;能显著减少CBP大鼠前列腺组织中的白细胞数,增加其中的卵磷脂小体数。实验数据表明,当归贝母苦参高剂量煎剂治疗CBP的效果为最好。
(2)当归贝母苦参煎剂能显著降低CBP模型大鼠的全血粘度;对于CBP模型大鼠的前列腺组织,当归贝母苦参煎剂可以显著升高其中的SOD含量和降低MDA含量;可显著降低其中DHT的含量;对其中的SIgA含量变化无统计学差异;能显著下调其中ICAM-1的表达;能显著升高其中的IL-2含量和降低IL-8含量,而对IL-6含量有轻微降低,但无统计学意义;能显著减少其中的炎症细胞因子TNF-α、IL-1β的产生,这不仅是在细胞水平基础上,而且在基因转录水平上得到印证。
(3)当归贝母苦参高剂量煎剂在降低CBP模型大鼠的全血粘度,升高其前列腺组织中的SOD、IL-2的含量,降低其中ICAM-1、TNF-α的免疫组化阳性表达,降低其中的IL-1β、IL-8、DHT含量,降低其前列腺组织中TNF-αmRNA、IL-1βmRNA的基因表达等方面优于阳性对照药。
结论:(1)本课题利用现代科学手段,验证了当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗实验性CBP具有良好的效果,证实了当归贝母苦参丸治疗CBP疗效的确切性。
(2)从前列腺组织的整体水平、细胞水平和基因水平阐述了当归贝母苦参煎剂治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎的作用机理。当归贝母苦参煎剂主要作用机理可能在于:①具有较好的抗炎、抗纤维增生、杀菌作用;②可恢复前列腺的分泌功能,对腺体有促分泌作用;能促进局部组织的血液循环,改善药物在前列腺中的渗透;③具有抗氧化、清除自由基作用;④能降低前列腺组织中的DHT;⑤能提高机体的免疫功能,对机体内的免疫分子有调节作用,降低ICAM-1的阳性表达,增强抗炎性细胞因子表达,抑制促炎性细胞因子表达。这为临床上使用本方提供了确切证据,表明本研究具有临床实用意义和创新性。但本实验对当归贝母苦参煎剂调节前列腺中IL-6和SIgA水平的机制尚需进一步研究阐明。
There are three parts in this thesis:Literature Reviews,Theoretical Research and Experimental Research.
1 Literature Reviews
Through the comprehensive literature of the chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) at home and abroad in latest over ten years,the progress in clinical epidemiology,pathogeny,medicine and methods of treatment were grasped.The pharmacology of herbs in Dangguibeimukushen pill(DGBMKS pill) and the clinical application of DGBMKS pill also were summarized.Based on these researches,the foundation of this project was laid.The morbility of CBP is increasing worldwide and the disease age is getting younger,but the satisfactory effects can't be gained through antibiotics and CBP easily has a relapse.Chinese medicine can not only adjust the whole condition of the organism,but also cure the regional pathological changes of prostate,so it has the distinct advantages.DGBMKS pill is mainly applied to treat the infection of urinary and reproductive systoms and tbe therapeutic efficacy is well.But there aren't the literature of the experimental and pharmacological researches on DGBMKS pill,so these researches should be carried out.
2 Theoretical Research
Based on the guiding of Chinese medical theories and the literature reviews, the relationships between the dampness-heat,blood stasis and CBP were explored.The occurance of CBP is closely related to dampness-heat,blood stasis and blood deficiency.The Zheng of dampness-heat with blood stasis is the common Zheng style of CBP.The principle of treatment is clearing away dampness -heat,activating blood circulation to dissipate blood stasis,warming and tonifying.According to the literature on the herbs of DGBMKS pill,its characteristics were analyzed.These are the herbs pungent in flavour,warm in nature and having the functions of clearing and dispersing are comprised;there are the herbs of clearing away dampness in company with moistening dryness and treating blood in company with regulating Qi in this prescription;this prescription can adjust blood and Qi and give consideration to the upper and the lower of body;it is brief and refined.The part showed the project was scientific and feasible and gave the theoretical support to the project.
3 Experimental Research
Objective:(1)To observe and estimate the effect of Dangguibeimukushen decoction(DGBMKS decoction) on CBP;(2)To explore the mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction treating CBP through the experimental research.
Methods:60 male,250±20g,Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups(10 in each):the control group(A),the model group(B),the western medicine group(C),the high(D),middle(E) and low(F)-dose groups of DGBMKS decoction.After 3 days of adaptively feeding,the CBP models were established in the latter 5 groups by injecting E.coli into the dorsal lobes of the prostate while the control group being injected 0.9%NS instead of E.coli.Two weeks Iater,DGBMKS decoction was perfused into the rat stomachs of D,E and F groups.The density of high-dose was 1.1667g/ml,the middle was 0.5833g/ml and the low was 0.2917g/ml.These were 14 times,7 times and 3.5 times of the adult dose which was DANGGUI 15g,ZHEBEIMU 20g and KUSHEN 15g in clinic respectively.Norfloxacin suspension was administrated to C group.Its density was 0.0093g/ml,whichwas 7 times of the adult dose—0.8g.While the same volume distilled water was administrated to the control group and the model group.The intragastric administration was 1ml/100g/d,once daily and for four weeks.
Items detected:(1)the size,hardness,color and adhesion of the prostates; (2) the histopathological changes of the prostates;(3) White blood cell(WBC) count and the density of Small particle of lecithin(SPL) in the prostates;(4)the whole blood viscosity;(5)the contents of Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the prostates;(6)the expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α) and Intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) by immunohistochemistry; (7)the contents of Dihydrotestosterone(DHT)、Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)、Interleukin-2(IL-2)、Interleukin-6(IL-6)、Interleukin-8(IL-8)、Secreted Immunoglobulin A(SIgA) in the prostates by radioimmunoassay (RIA);(8)the mRNA gene expression of IL-1β、TNF-αin the prostates through Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).
Results:(1)The extent of disease and adhesion of the prostates were significantly decreased;The inflammatory cell inflatration and the hyperplasia of fibrous tissue were significantly diminished and the secretion in prostate was significantly increased;the numbers of WBC was significantly decreased while the density of SPL was significantly increased by DGBMKS decoction.According to the data of experiments,the high-dose DGBMKS decoction had the best effect on CBP.
(2)The whole blood viscosity was significantly decreased;the contents of SOD were significantly increased and MDA were significantly decreased;the content of DHT was significantly decreased;the content of SIgA was not statistically significant;the expression of ICAM-1 was significantly decreased;the content of IL-2 was significantly increased and that of IL-8 was significantly decreased;the content of IL-6 was decreased,but it was not statistically significant;the mRNA gene expression of TNF-αand IL-1βwere significantly inhibited by DGBMKS decoction.
(3)The high-dose DGBMKS decoction was better effective in decreasing the whole blood viscosity,increasing the contents of SOD and IL-2,decreasing the immunohistochemistry expressiones of ICAM-1 and TNF-α,decreasing the contents of IL-1β、IL-8 and DHT and inhibiting mRNA gene expressiones of TNF-αand IL-1βthan the positive medicine(Norfloxacin).
Conclusion:(1)Through the modern and scientific methods;the favourable effect of DGBMKS decoction on CBP was verified.This illustrated the certainty of DGBMKS decoction curing CBP.
(2)The mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction on treating CBP were expounded on the levels of the whole,cell and gene.The mechanisms lay on:①reducing inflammation, depressing the hyperplasia of fibrous tissue and sterilizing;②recovering the secretion of prostate,improving microcirculation and permeation of medicine;③antioxidating and removing free radical;④decreasing DHT;⑤promoting immune function and adjusting the cytokine.The project provided the precise evidences to administrate DGBMKS decoction.The practical significance in clinical and the creativeness were demonstrated.But the mechanisms of DGBMKS decoction adjusting IL-6 and SIgA need to be studied further.
引文
[1]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:40,54,59,82,108-109,112,139,142.
[2]NICKEL JC.Effective office management of prostatitis[J].Urol Clin North Am,1998,25(4):677-684.
[3]Shoskes DA.Use of antibiotics in chronic prostatitis syndromes[J].Can J Urol,2001,8(Supp 1):24-28.
[4]Collins MM,Staford RS,O'Leary MP,et al.How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits[J].J Urol,1998,159(4):1224-1228.
[5]Roberts RO,Bergstralh EJ,Bass SE.Prostatitis as arisk factor for prostate cancer[J].Epidemiology,2004,15(1):93-99.
[6]李宏军,丘勇超.征服前列腺炎:防治前列腺炎的278个策略[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2003:24-25.
[7]戴春福.中西医临床男科学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2005:83.
[8]Nickel JC.Prostatitis:hessons from the 20th Century[J].BJU International,2000,85(2):179-185.
[9]Keieger JN,Jacobs R,Ross SO.Does the chronic prostatitis/pelvic pain syndrome differ from nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia[J].J Urol,2000,164(5):1554-1558.
[10]李宏军,丘勇超,许蓬.征服前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2007:40-42,59,222-223.
[11]汪官富,陈安屏,卢思保,等.680例慢性前列腺炎病原学分析及治疗体会[A].中华医学会第四次全国男科学术会议论文汇编[C],2001:91.
[12]岳东民,王虹,陈新,等.前列腺炎的诊断与治疗新进展[J].中国实用医药,2007,2(11):80.
[13]何亮,莫衍石,熊礼宽,等.细菌性前列腺炎患者前列腺液菌群调查及耐药谱分析[J].中国微生态学杂志,2008,20(3):255-257.
[14]吴成山,张静,郑百鹤.慢性前列腺炎的中医辨证分型及疗效观察[J].四川中医,2008,26(2):62-63.
[15]Cheah PY,Liong ML,Yuen KH,et al.Chronic prostatitis:symptom survey with follow-up clinical evaluation[J].Urology,2003,61(1):60-64.
[16]Clinical Efectiveness Group(UK).National guideline for the management of prostatitis[J].Sex Transm Infect,1999,75(Supp 1):46-50.
[17]Asha R.Shahed,Daniel f.Shoskes.Oxidative stress in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome:correlation with Gram positive bacterial growth and treatment response[J].Journal of Andrology,2000,21(5):669-675.
[18]胡小朋,白文俊,朱积川,等.慢性前列腺炎细菌及免疫学研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂 志,2002,23(1):29-30.
[19]Meares EM Jr,Prostatitis and related disorders[A].In:Walsh PC,Retik A B,Vaughan ED,et al.eds.Campbell's Urology.7th ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders Co[C],1998:615-628.
[20]石晓星,商学军.中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶在男性生殖道感染诊断中的意义[J].中华男科学,2003,9(2):137-138.
[21]王振义,李家增,阮长耿.血栓与止血——基础理论与临床[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:514.
[22]陈和亮,徐文锋.前列安片治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床与实验研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1997,4(6):14.
[23]李章,高镇松.慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学实验研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(2):189-190,220.
[24]蒋毅.中药前必治治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1999,6(1):14-16.
[25]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:110-111.
[26]Shalaby MR,Aggarwel BB,Kinderknecht E,et al.Activation of Human polymorphonuclear neatrphil function by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors[J].J Immunol,1985,135(3):2069-2073.
[27]Staunton DE,Marlin SD,Stratowa C,et al.Primary structure of ICAM-1demonstrates interaction between members of the inmmunolobulin and integrin Sup regene families[J].Cell,1988,52(6):925-933.
[28]孙一鸣,刘丽,李英林,等.前列腺水丸对慢性细菌性前列腺炎大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2006,12(5):470-472.
[29]Flynn JL,Goldetein MM,Chan J,et al.Tumour necrosis factor-α is require in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice[J].Immunity,1995,2:561-572.
[30]Sheare GM.Molecular Medicine:Cytokines in health and diseases[J].J Inflammation,1996,46(1):61-63.
[31]唐孝达.慢性前列腺炎诊断与治疗进展[J].中国男科学杂志,2002,16(3):193-196.
[32]张亚强,卢建新,吴志奎,等.丹蒲胶囊对慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-2,IL-6水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(11):828-829.
[33]孙卫召,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:75-76.
[34]贺大林,周锋,何辉,等.前列腺按摩液中IL-8和TNF-α测定在慢性前列腺炎诊断, 分型中的临床意义[J].中华男科学杂志,2004,10(10):740-742.
[35]叶海云,侯树坤,白文俊,等.慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-6和IL-8表达变化及意义[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2003,24(4):279-281.
[36]Hochreiter WW,Nadler RB,Koch AE,et al.Evaluation of the cytokines interleukin 8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 as indicators of inflammation in prostatic secretions[J].Urology,2000,56(6):1025-1029.
[37]Miller LJ,Fischer KA,Goralnick SJ,et al.Interleukin-10 levels in seminal plasma:implications for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome [J].J Urol,2002,167(2 Pt 1):753-756.
[38]丘勇超,宋文英.浅谈慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗[J].男科医学,2006,(6):11-13.
[39]王刚,张晓燕,吴金虎.慢性细菌性前列腺炎锌含量与局部免疫功能的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2006,23(2):6-7,16.
[40]Jun-Fu Zhou,Wei-Qiang Xiao,Yi-Chun Zheng,et al.Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis [J].Asian Journal of Andrology,2006,8(3):317-323.
[41]刘小平,邓岩.氧自由基在前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中国男科学杂志,2001,15(4):264-265.
[42]Pasqualotto F F,Sharma R K,Potts J M,et al.Seminal oxidative stress in patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Urology,2000,55(6):881-885.
[43]Nickel JC,Downey J,Pontari MA,et al.A randomized placebo controlled multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of finasteride for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome(category ⅢA chronic nonbacterial prostatitis)[J].BJU Int,2004,93(7):991-997.
[44]Szekanecz Z.Haines GK,Lin TR,et al.Differential distribution of intercelhlar adhesion molecules(ICAM-1,ICAM-2 and ICAM-3)and the MS-1 antigen in normal and diseased human synovia.Their possible pathogenetic and clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,1994,37(2):221-231.
[45]Tak PP.Thurkow EW,Daha MR,et al.Expression of adhesion molecules in early rheumatoid synovial tissue[J].Clin Immunol Immoupathol,1995,77(3):236-242.
[46]王和.现代前列腺炎基础与临床[M].贵阳:贵州科技川版社,2005:287.
[47]王小琴,马宇峰.前列腺疾病的现代诊断与治疗[M].北京:中国医约科技出版 社,2001:260-261.
[48]庞桂建.慢性前列腺炎药物治疗进展[J].广西医学,2004,26(11):1658-1660.
[49]刘朝晖,熊剑辉,赵子文,等.常见致病菌耐药性监制及意义[J].新医学,2000,31(9):537-538.
[50]Meares EM Jr.Prostatitis[J].Med Clin North Am,1991,75(2):405-424.
[51]Roberts RO,Lieber MM,Bostwick DG,et al.A review of clinical and pathological prostatitis syndromes[J].Urology,1997,49(6):809-821.
[52]邓春华,朱朝阳,梁宏,等.α-受体阻断剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床探讨[J].中国全科医学杂志,1999,2(1):29-30.
[53]吴荣佩,郑克立,胡红星,等.α1-受体阻滞剂治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效观察[J].临床泌尿外科杂志,2001,16(5):207-208.
[54]杨辉,杨樟卫.前列腺炎用抗菌药物的合理选用[J].药学实践杂志,2004,22(3):152.
[55]Shafika.Anal Submucosal injection:a new route for drug administration,Ⅵ,chronic prostatitis:a new modality of treatment with report of 11cases[J].Urology,1991,37(11):61-64.
[56]李红辉.直肠黏膜下注射治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2004,14(22):102-103.
[57]孟战战.药物灌注透入及水囊按摩治疗慢性前列腺炎100例[J].男性学杂志,1997,11(1):34.
[58]古子平,文乐祥.配合局部注射治疗慢性前列腺炎的探讨[A].中国临床医生杂志编辑部·实用临床经验集[C].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:334-336.
[59]赵文汝,Bernard S Brucker.操作性肌电生物反馈治疗慢性颈脊髓损伤的疗效观察[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2003,25(5):275-277.
[60]瑞卡西,李世文,刘云飞.生物反馈联合药物治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效观察[J].医学新知杂志,2006,16(2):92-94.
[61]吴阶平.吴阶平泌尿外科学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2004:584-586.
[1]陈志强,江海身.男科专病中医临床诊治[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:34-35.
[2]戴春福.中西医临床男科学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2005:79.
[3]刘平,石勇.前列腺炎综合征从痈疡论治[J].四川中医,2003,21(10):8-9.
[4]何世明.自拟精浊汤为主治疗慢性前列腺炎80例[J].中国医药学报,2000,15(2):34-35.
[5]戴宁.应用男炎消方治疗慢性前列腺炎临床研究[J].江西中医药,2001,34(4):11-12.
[6]王庆侠.清热解毒行气活血治疗前列腺炎[J].长春中医学院学报,2002,18(3):19.
[7]李继圣.前列汤治疗慢性前列腺炎60例[J].吉林中医药,2001,21(2):30-31.
[8]刘毅,王月郎,蔡继红.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎及相关疾病60例[J].湖南中医药导报,2000,6(2):19-21.
[9]冯保华.复元活血汤加减治疗气滞血瘀型慢性前列腺炎262例分析[J].中国误诊学杂志,2008,8(15):3674.
[10]袁维森,张新安.辨证分型治疗慢性前列腺炎72例[J].江苏中医,1997,18(6):7-8.
[11]左仲许.中药治疗慢性前列腺炎21例临床报告[J].实用中西医结合杂志.1996,9(8):494-495.
[12]陈通文,陈和亮.舒肝理气补肾活血法治疗慢性前列腺炎40例[J].上海中医药大学学报,2003,17(4):31-33.
[13]周安方.治疗慢性前列腺炎为什么要慎用温补方药[J].中医杂志,1995,36(5):306.
[14]郑国珍,郭启先.慢性前列腺炎从疡科辨治[J].福建中医药.1997,28(1):6-7.
[15]樊学中.软坚散结化瘀降浊清热利湿法治疗前列腺增生症217例[J].新中医,1999,31(12):26-27.
[16]李宏军,丘勇超,许蓬.征服前列腺炎[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.第2版.2007:237.
[17]何永生,鲁冰丰.鲁贤昌治疗慢性前列腺炎的经验[J].四川中医,2003;21(5):5-6.
[18]李恒山.浅谈慢性前列腺炎证治体会[J].新中医,1997,29(3):57.
[19]陈乃光.前列腺疾病临床荟萃[M].北京:华夏出版社,1993:7-9.
[20]王铠.针灸辨证治疗慢性前列腺炎30例[J].四川中医,2002,20(1):72-73.
[21]夏晓菊.针刺治疗前列腺炎28例疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(4):27.
[22]何馨.针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎36例临证观察[J].中医药学刊,2001,19(4):387.
[23]于漾,康井利.温针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎临床研究[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(9):775-776.
[24]洪文.温针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎30例[J].浙江中医杂志,2001,(6):266-267.
[25]张津平.慢性前列腺炎80例临床疗效观察[J].天律中医,1998,15(4):169.
[26]陆遥.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎[J].成都中医药大学学报,2000,23(1):31-32.
[27]贾玉森,李日庆,孙明杰,等.前列腺炎栓治疗非特异性慢性前列腺炎(湿热夹瘀证)104例临床与实验研究[J].中医杂志,1999,40(2):98-99.
[28]李延虎,张永生.肛门栓剂治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎96例[J].中医外治杂志,2001,10(4):14.
[29]韩冰,刘洪玺,王哲,等.直肠内中药电离子导入法治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床观察[J].天津中医,1990,(6):7-9.
[30]王均贵,赵明利.中药离子经直肠导入治疗慢性前列腺炎80例临床观察[J].中医杂志,1998,39(5):291.
[31]李永生.中医内服及直肠给药治疗慢性前列腺炎45例[J].辽宁中医杂志,1998,25(5):209.
[32]白耀辉,张时宜,钱存泽.仿灸仪治疗慢性前列腺炎80例[J].上海针灸杂志,1991,10(2):27.
[33]张津平.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎64例[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2005,11(3):254-255.
[34]陈全寿,廖伟森.中药外治慢性前列腺炎50例疗效观察[J].浙江中医杂志,2000,35(2):50.
[35]戚广崇.中国首届男科学术大会述要[J].中医杂志,1996,37(1):51-52.
[36]尚学臣.综合疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎68例[J].天津中医,1999,16(6):32.
[37]邹建安,赵蔼峰,陈久发,等.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2001,7(5):329-330.
[38]崔建国,石玉花,张华,等.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎临床研究[J].实用中医药杂志,2005,21(1):20-21.
[39]岳揆先.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2002,8(3):200-201.
[40]孙中明.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎50例[J].黑龙江中医药,1999,(5):7.
[41]吴大真,王炎,王凤岐.现代名中医前列腺治疗绝技[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2004,9:195.
[42]和汝泉.经验方治疗前列腺炎体会[J].实用中医药杂志.2006,22(1):35.
[43]王琦.王琦男科学[M].第2版.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2007:640-656.
[1]石刚刚.当归和丹参对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].中国临床药学杂志,1999,8(2):96-98.
[2]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[3]严晓红,欧阳静萍,涂淑珍,等.当归对氧化低密度脂蛋白所致血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用[J].湖北医科大学学报,1999,20(3):1811.
[4]沈映君.中药药理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:227,921-923.
[5]王亚平,祝彼得.当归多糖对小鼠红系细胞增殖的影响[J].中华血液学杂志,1993,14(12):650.
[6]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎.当归多糖的免疫活性和对造血功能影响[J].中药药理与临床2002,18(5):24-25.
[7]陈作伟.当归多糖铁的合成及一般特性[J].中成药,1998,20(10):89-90.
[3]牛泱平,金锦梅.当归注射液对正常人和再生障碍性贫血患者造血祖细胞的刺激增殖作用[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1998,11(9):772-773.
[9]杨德章.阿魏酸钠对实验性心肌梗塞犬鼠及耗氧量的影响[J].湖北医学院学报,1986,7(1):7.
[10]彭仁琇.当归对心血管系统的药理作用[J].中草药,1981,12(7):32-33.
[11]张伟国,张志善,喻学钢.当归素对大白鼠实验性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的膜质保护作用[J].湖北医学院学报,1992,(4):308.
[12]上官海娟,徐江,官洪山.当归对心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡和心室重构的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2008,15(1):39-44.
[13]庄学煊,李长潮,陈少如.当归注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心律失常的保护作用[J].中西医结合杂志,1991,11(6):360-361.
[14]朱玉真,杨庆利,张培棪.当归总酸抗心律失常作用的研究及其它作用的观察[J].兰州医学院学报,1989,15(3):125-128.
[15]孙仁宇,严仪昭,张宏,等.心得安对当归缓解大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的影响[J].中国医学科学院学报,1988,10(5):335.
[16]郑凌,段生福,张珍祥,等.当归对肺血管扩张作用的实验和临床研究[J].同济医科大学学报,1991,20(6):389-400.
[17]王玉升,邹明辉,付蔓华,等.当归注射液对急性脑缺血大鼠治疗作用机理的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1993,18(1):48.
[18]陈少刚,李长潮,庄学煊,等.当归注射液对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1995,15(8):486.
[19]余追,欧阳静萍,刘永明,等.当归抗家兔主动脉粥样硬化形成的作用[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2000,8(1):46-48.
[20]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药.1989,11(2):35.
[21]胡慧娟,杭秉茜,王朋书,等.阿魏酸的抗炎作用[J].中国药科大学学报,1990,21(51):279-282.
[22]张中和.当归的抗炎作用[J].甘肃药学.1992,(1):1.
[23]吕世静,何德.当归注射液免疫功能的增强效应[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(11):45-47.
[24]高向东,吴梧桐.当归及其成分阿魏酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1994,15(2):107-110.
[25]陈玉春.当归补血汤对血虚小鼠产生IL-2影响的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(12):739-741.
[26]吕世静,黄槐莲,吴宋厦.当归对实验动物红细胞粘附功能及IL-2免疫调节作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(5):61.
[27]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药,1989,11(2):35-36.
[28]清原宽章.当归的化学及药理研究进展[J].国外医学中医中药分册,1990,12(6):372.
[29]夏雪雁.当归醇沉物对体外小鼠脾,胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中草药.1999,30(2):112.
[30]杨铁虹,贾敏,梅其炳.当归多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用[J].中成药,2005,27(5):563-565.
[31]冯景奇,柳钟勋.当归多糖及当归内酯对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,1998,14(4):279-282.
[32]白润江,于红娟,王嘉军.当归多糖对小鼠血液、胸腺、脾脏中cAMP、cGMP含量的影响[J].中医杂志,1998,39(7):429.
[33]赵离原,周勇.当归多糖体外免疫调节作用的实验研究[J].上海免疫学杂志,1995,15(2):96-97.
[34]兰中芬,张阴芝,白润江,等.当归化学成分(总酸、中性油、多糖)对小鼠免疫功能影响的观察[J].兰州医学院学报,1986,(2):56.
[35]王瑾,刘君炎.当归多糖体外诱导巨噬细胞的实验研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,1999,20(4):34-36.
[36]冯景奇,柳钟勋.当归多糖拮抗环胞菌素A、氢化可的松及抗肿瘤药的免疫抑制作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1998,10(4):5-8.
[37]高其铭.当归的药理研究与其归经功效关系的探讨[J].中成药研究,1985,(5):32-34.
[38]石米扬,昌兰芳.红花、当归、益母草对子宫兴奋作用的机理研究[J].中国中药杂 志,1995,20(3):173-175.
[39]叶丽红,蔡梅芳,许德金,等.当归、红花防治支气管哮喘的实验研究[J].江苏中医,1998,19(7):41-42.
[40]彭则,张珍祥,徐永健.当归与硝苯吡啶对慢性支气管炎肺泡巨噬细胞胞浆游离钙水平的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2000,16(8):738-740.
[41]孙元琳,顾小红,李德远,等.当归多糖对急性辐射损伤小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的保护作用[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2006,26(4):369-370.
[42]孙元琳,顾小红,李德远,等.当归多糖的制备及抗辐射效应研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(1):48-52.
[43]张端莲,张世明,戎诚兴.当归对60Co-r射线辐射损伤后的小鼠卵巢功能恢复过程中超微结构变化的研究[J].湖北医学院学报,1990,11(4):322-326.
[44]吴琦,王娟娟,赵琳,等.当归补血汤及其单味药对60Co照射小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].北京中医学院学报,1993,36(4):53-55.
[45]胡万里,胡礼泉,程蓓.当归对大鼠海绵体神经损伤后阴茎NOS活性的影响[J].中华男科学,2001,7(1):29-31.
[45]廖长秀,汪晖,彭仁琇,等.阿魏酸钠对甘油致小鼠肾脏氧化性损伤的拮抗效应[J].药学学报,2003,38(12):900-903.
[47]李明明,吴丽颖,朱玲玲,等.当归有效成分抗缺氧损伤作用的研究进展[J].军事医学科学院院刊.2008,32(1):87-90.
[48]王瑾,刘君炎,夏丰年,等.当归多糖促进瘤苗抗瘤作用初探[J].辽宁中医杂志,1999,26(1):39-40.
[49]商澎,杨铁虹,贾敏,等.当多糖APO对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用[J].第三军医大学学报,2001,23(11):1299-1232.
[50]郑敏,王亚平.当归多糖对K562细胞增殖抑制与诱导分化的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(1):54-57.
[51]Kumazawa Y,Mizumoe K,Otsuka T.Immunostimulating polysaccharide separated from hot water extract of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa(Yamato Tohki)[J].Immunology,1982,47(1):75-83.
[52]程国权.岷县当归多糖对小鼠移植性肿瘤的作用[J].甘肃医药,1986,5(3):5.
[53]戚晓利,徐秀芳,魏晓东.当归对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠抗氧化系统的研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2003,26(1):223.
[54]袁新初,张端莲.当归注射液对更年期大鼠超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(9):822-823.
[55]黄伟晖,宋纯清.当归的化学和药理学研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(3): 147-152.
[56]陈慧珍.当归的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2008,20(8):83-85.
[57]黄桂香.当归生物学效应研究[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(3):262-263.
[58]方文贤,宋崇顺,周立孝.医用中药药理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1998:673.
[59]丁国建,钟德午,马雨慧.当归根提取物降低血吸虫性肝纤维化门脉压力的实验研究[J].实用预防医学,2002,9(6):580-582.
[60]宋前流,宗瑞义.参归煎剂抗痴呆作用与谷氨酸的关系[J].中成药,1995,17(6):28-30.
[61]南京中医药大学.中药大辞典·下册[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:2709.
[62]王文杰.贝母[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1990:203-213.
[63]周颖,季晖,李萍,等.五种贝母甾体生物碱对豚鼠离体气管条M受体的拮抗作用[J].中国药科大学学报,2003,34(1):58-60.
[64]Bochu Qian,Hengjun Xu.Studies on the antitussive and sedative activities of peimine and peiminine[J].Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,1985,20(4):306-308.
[65]骆和生,王建华.中药方剂的药理与临床研究进展[M].广东:华南理工大学出版社,1991:138-139.
[66]肖灿鹏,赵浩如,李萍,等.中药贝母几种主要成分的体外抗菌活性[J].中国药科大学学报,1992,23(3):188-189.
[67]李仝,胡凯文,陈信义,等.浙贝母对呼吸系统耐药金黄色葡萄球菌逆转作用的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(5):51-52.
[68]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[69]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.辛温(热)合归脾胃经中药药性研究(Ⅵ)抗血栓形成和抗凝作用[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(11):691-693.
[70]李萍,季晖,徐国军,等.贝母类中药的镇咳祛痰作用研究[J].中国药科大学学报,1993,24(6):360.
[71]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.浙贝母的抗炎和抗腹泻作用[J].湖南中医药导报,1998,4(10):30-31.
[72]Li Ping,Wang Yixian,Xu Guojun,et al.Antitumor Activity of Puqietinone,a Novel Alkaloid from the Bulbs of Friti]laria puqiensis[J].Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science,1995,4(4):217-220.
[73]陈婷婷,陈曙霞,刘晶星.苦参总碱有效成分对柯萨奇B病毒感染的Hela细胞的保护作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(1):18-21.
[74]李继强,陈萦恒,曾民德,等.氧化苦参碱抗乙型肝炎病毒的体外实验研究[J].中华消化杂志,2001,21(9):550-552.
[75]李洪敏,冯端浩,曹晶,等.中药苦参碱对结核杆菌的抑制作用[J].解放军药学学报,2002,18(6):383-385.
[76]樊宏伟,卢继红,张蓉.苦参碱类生物碱的体外抑菌、抑病毒及诱生干扰素的实验研究[J].中医药信息,2000,17(4):76-76.
[77]刘梅,刘雪英,程建峰.苦参碱的药理研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[78]蔡宝仁,汤苏阳.苦参类生物碱的研究进展和临床应用[J].医学信息,2001,14(4):236-238.
[79]刘芬,刘洁,陈霞,等.氧化苦参碱的抗炎作用及其机制[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2005,31(5):728-730.
[80]Ping Zheng,Fengli Niu,Wenzhong Liu,et al.Anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of rats[J].World Journal Gastroenterol,2005,11(31):4912-4915.
[81]冯亚珍,周蓉,魏新峰.苦参对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用[J].河南中医,1997,17(5):277-278.
[82]宋磊,王鲁萍,何仲海,等.苦参碱的利尿作用及与药代动力学之间的关系[J].河北医学,2001,7(8):678-679.
[83]肖诗鹰.苦参在抗肿瘤方面的应用与研究[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1991,4(9):564.
[84]王力情,余上才,李仪奎.用血清药理学方法研究中药苦参、仙鹤草的抗肿瘤作用[J].中国中医药科技,1995,2(5):19-21.
[85]林文,张俊平,胡振林.苦参碱对细胞脂多糖诱导大鼠枯否细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子及白细胞介素-6的影响[J].药学学报,1997,32(2):93-96.
[86]吴建波,章圣辉,韩义香,等.苦参碱诱导多发性骨髓瘤RPMI8226细胞凋亡及其对细胞粘附分子表达的影响[J].中国实验血液杂志,2008,16(1):93-96.
[87]李青,王世久,杨庆华,等.氧化苦参碱对大鼠在位心脏的作用[J].山西医科大学学报,2000,31(3):221.
[88]孙宏丽,许超千,李哲,等.氧化苦参碱对豚鼠单个心肌细胞胞浆钙离子的影响[J].中国药学杂志,2004,39(4):264-266.
[89]陈霞,李英骥,葛静岩,等.氧化苦参碱对正常及乌头碱诱发心律失常大鼠动作电位的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(2):704-706.
[90]刘芬,刘洁,王秋静,等.氧化苦参碱对大鼠血压的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学 版),2005,31(3):417-419.
[91]陈伟忠,朱梁,张兴荣,等.苦参碱对大鼠肝纤维化的影响[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2000,19(5):410-413.
[92]Xinhua Zhu,Yudong Qiu,Mingke Shi,et al.Matrine protects sinusoidal endothelial cells from cold ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation[J].Annals of Clinicaland Laboratory Science,2003,33(2):216-225.
[93]耿群美,李兰城,贾晓英.苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对小白鼠脑中递质γ-氨基丁酸和甘氨酸含量的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,1993,13(1):3-4.
[94]倪士峰,刘惠,孙平文,等.苦参药理学研究新进展[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(6):1506-1507.
[95]鲍淑娟,李淑芳,周文正.苦参碱平喘作用机理探讨[J].中药药理与临床,1995,11(5):33-34.
[96]白音夫,莫日根.苦参碱对大鼠实验性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,1996,27(12):729-730.
[97]黄自明,任哲,冯苏哲.苦参碱的抗生育活性及对人阴道正常菌群乳酸杆菌的影响[J].河南医科大学学报,1996,31(3):67-68.
[98]盖海山.王琦.对慢性前列腺炎症候群的论治思路[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(12):1033-1034.
[99]王希兰.经方治疗慢性前列腺炎120例[J].甘肃中医,2007,20(12):39-40.
[100]邢国红.施汉章教授治疗慢性前列腺炎经验介绍[J].新中医,2004,36(5):11-12.
[101]赵章华,曹鸿云,华琼,等.前列消液治疗慢性前列腺炎156例[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2002,9(2):56.
[102]褚洪飞.当归贝母苦参丸治疗前列腺增生症31例[J].实用中医药杂志,2002,18(11):14.
[103]徐志奎.当归贝母苦参汤加味治疗尿潴留[J].中国民族民间医药杂志,2005(72):25-26.
[104]岳里加.中药治疗前列腺疾病的临床观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2003,30(3):202.
[105]王莉萍,詹亚梅.当归贝母苦参汤治疗老年性泌尿系统感染34例小结[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2006,28(4):18-19.
[106]陈庆平,王诗雅,李书元,等.名医印会河教授临床抓主症经验集粹(八)[J].中国乡村医药,2001,8(4):24-25.
[107]蒋翅,何焕秀.当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗膀胱炎230例[J].国医论坛,1999,14(5):9.
[108]姜螈螈.于俊生运用当归贝母苦参丸治疗尿路感染经验[J].山东中医杂志,2008,27(5):345-346.
[109]杨桂芳.经方薏苡附子败酱散合当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗尿道综合征25例[J].中医药信息,2002,19(3):39-40.
[110]王珏.当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗产后尿潴留76例[J].中国中医药科技,2002,9(4):218.
[111]程晓春,龚一云,岳代荣,等.当归贝母苦参丸加味为主治疗阴囊湿疹60例[J].实用中医药杂志,2004,20(4):181.
[112]石彧,范先基.王三虎用当归贝母苦参丸治疗妇科肿瘤的经验[J].中医杂志,2006,47(5):344.
[113]彭科成.慢性盆腔炎治验[J].四川中医,1995,(5):41.
[114]王伯章.茯苓甘草汤合当归贝母苦参丸治疗肺胀喘悸83例[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(7):33.
[115]张荣春.当归贝母苦参丸加味应用经验[J].北京中医,1998(6):24-25.
[116]史恒军.吴一纯当归贝母苦参丸治验撷菁[J].江西中医药,1994,25(3):19-20.
[117]唐长金,田乐华.当归贝母苦参丸为主治疗慢性乙型肝炎193例[J].安徽中医临床杂志,1997,9(6):302.
[118]毕明义.当归贝母苦参丸治疗胃脘痛180例[J].河南中医,1992,12(1):17-18.
[119]王帆.当归贝母苦参汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察[J].医学理论与实践,2008,21(9):1022.
[120]张少瑜,慕海军.当归贝母苦参丸治疗慢性便秘95例[J].陕西中医,2008,29(9):1157.
[121]杨崇华.当归贝母苦参丸加味治验3则[J].新中医,2001,33(7):61.
[122]胡不群.当归贝母苦参丸治验[J].湖南中医学院学报,1991,11(4):49-50.
[1]李曰庆,贾玉森,李军.中医药治疗前列腺炎临床研究述评[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(5):2-5.
[2]李兰群,王传航,刘春英,等.慢性前列腺炎中医证型分布频率研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2005,20(4):245-246.
[3]吴成山,张静,郑百鹤.慢性前列腺炎的中医辨证分型及疗效观察[J].四川中医,2008,26(2):62-63.
[4]李海松,韩富强,李日庆.918例慢性前列腺炎中医证型分布研究[J].北京中医药,2008,27(6):416-418.
[5]王琦.王琦男科学[M].第2版.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2007:711.
[6]郭本传.当归贝母苦参丸方加味治疗慢性前列腺炎85例[J].国医论坛,2008,23(6):7-8.
[7]孙桂云,王秀萍,潘利忠.当归贝母苦参丸治疗前列腺病举隅[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(11):1494.
[8]李克光.金匮要略讲义[M].上海科学技术出版社,1985:233.
[9]杨恒茂.金匮要略当归贝母苦参丸效用探讨[J].陕西中医,1984,5(9):8-9.
[10]于俊生.肾脏病经方论治[M].人民卫生出版社,2007:148-151.
[1]李仪奎.中药药理实验方法学[M].上海:科学技术出版社,1991:145-146.
[2]李孟,刘修恒,黄耿,等.大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎模型的建立[J].中华男科学杂志,2007,13(6):557-558.
[1]戴岳,祁公任,林巳茏,等.泽桂癃爽胶囊对大鼠前列腺炎的抑制作用[J].中成药,2001,23(12):896-899.
[2]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:145-146.
[3]Schaeffer A J,Knauss J S,Landis R,et al.Leukocyte and bacterial counts do not correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis:The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study[J].J Urol,2002,168(3):1048-1053.
[4]胡慧娟,杭秉茜,王朋书,等.阿魏酸的抗炎作用[J].中国药科大学学报,1990,21(51):279-282.
[5]肖灿鹏,赵浩如,李萍,等.中药贝母几种主要成分的体外抗菌活性[J].中国药科大学学报,1992,23(3):188-189.
[6]李仝,胡凯文,陈信义,等.浙贝母对呼吸系统耐药金黄色葡萄球菌逆转作用的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(5):51-52.
[7]樊宏伟,卢继红,张蓉.苦参碱类生物碱的体外抑菌、抑病毒及诱生干扰素的实验研究[J].中医药信息,2000,17(4):76-76.
[8]刘梅,刘雪英,程建峰.苦参碱的药理研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[9]蔡宝仁,汤苏阳.苦参类生物碱的研究进展和临床应用[J].医学信息,2001,14(4):236-238.
[10]刘芬,刘洁,陈霞,等.氧化苦参碱的抗炎作用及其机制[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2005,31(5):728-730.
[11]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[12]沈映君.中药药理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:227,921-923.
[13]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[1]王振义,李家增,阮长耿.血栓与止血——基础理论与临床[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:514.
[2]陈和亮,徐文锋.前列安片治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床与实验研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1997,4(6):14.
[3]李章,高镇松.慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学实验研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(2):189-190,220.
[4]张亚强,刘酞杨.前列腺汤治疗慢性前列腺炎血瘀证的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(9):534-536.
[5]邓春华,梁宏,梅弊,等.前列腺内尿液反流在慢性前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中华 泌尿外科杂志,1998,19(6):288-289.
[6]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[7]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[8]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.辛温(热)合归脾胃经中药药性研究(Ⅵ)抗血栓形成和抗凝作用[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(11):691-693.
[9]姚丽娜,孙汉清,江湛,等.湖北贝母、鄂北贝母、紫花鄂北贝母总碱对呼吸系统的药理作用[J].同济医科大学学报,1993,22(1):47-49.
[1]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:99,139.
[2]Jun-Fu Zhou,Wei-Qiang Xiao,Yi-Chun Zheng,et al.Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis [J].Asian Journal of Andrology,2006,8(3):317-323.
[3]刘小平,邓岩.氧自由基在前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中国男科学杂志,2001,15(4):264-265.
[4]Pasqualotto F F,Sharma R K,Potts J M,et al.Seminal oxidative stress in patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Urology,2000,55(6):881-885.
[5]李明明,吴丽颖,朱玲玲,等.当归有效成分抗缺氧损伤作用的研究进展[J].军事医学科学院院刊.2008,32(1):87-90.
[6]袁新初,张端莲.当归注射液对更年期大鼠超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(9):822-823.
[1]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:526.
[2]Pontari MA,Ruggieri MR.Mechanisms in prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome[J].J Urol 2004,172(3):839-845.
[3]杨勇,顾方六,Habib FK.前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中睾酮及双氢睾酮测定及其意义[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,1993,14(5):369-371.
[4]Nickel JC,Downey J,Pontari MA,et al.A randomized placebo controlled multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of finasteride for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome(category ⅢA chronic nonbacterial prostatitis)[J].BJU Int,2004,93(7):991-997.
[5]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:112,142.
[6]Harris MT,Feldberg RS,Lau KM,et al.Expression of proinflammatorygenes during estrogen-induced inflammation of the rat prostate [J].Prostate,2000,44:19-25.
[7]Vykhovanets EV,Resnick MI,MacLennanand GT,et al.Experimental rodent models of prostatitis:limitations and potential[J].Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis,2007,10(1):15-29.
[8]Naslund MJ,Coffey DS.The differential effect of neonatal androgen,estrogen and progesterone on adult rat prostate growth[J].J Urol 1986,136(5):1136-1140.
[9]汪兴生,解光艳,史学礼,等.苦参总黄酮对良性前列腺增生模型大鼠生殖内分泌的影响.中国中医药科技,2006,13(3):169-170.
[1]丘勇超,宋文英.浅谈慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗[J].男科医学,2006,(6): 11-13.
[2]胡小朋,白文俊,朱积川,等.慢性前列腺炎细菌及免疫学研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2002,23(1):29-30.
[3]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:112,142.
[4]王刚,张晓燕,吴金虎.慢性细菌性前列腺炎锌含量与局部免疫功能的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2006,23(2):6-7,16.
[5]杜仲尚,杨青峰,王育敏.分泌型IgA放射免疫测定在慢性前列腺炎诊断中的初步应用[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,1992,13(2):158.
[6]王家治,胡礼采,李世文,等.慢性细菌性前列腺炎局部免疫状况对预后的影响[J].医学新知杂志,1999,9(4):187-189.
[7]Nickel JC.Prostatitis and Related Conditions.In:Walsh PC eds.Campbell's Urology[M].8th.Philadelphia:Saunders,2002:603-630.
[8]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:526.
[1]Tak PP.Thurkow EW,Daha MR,et al.Expression of adhesion molecules in early rheumatoid synovial tissue[J].Clin Immunol Immoupathol,1995,77(3):236-242.
[2]张丽慧,魏尔清.ICAM-1、VCAM-1在脑缺血损伤炎症机制中的作用及调控[J].中国药理学通报,2005,11:1281-1285.
[3]同文生,赵克森,姜勇.LPS和TNF诱导血管内皮细胞ICAM-1蛋白表达的比较[J].中国微循环,2001,5(2):97-99.
[4]刘贵明,丁学琴.上世纪90年代脓毒症病理机制若干研究进展[J].国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,2002,23(1):16-18.
[5]唐光华,黄启福,姜良铎.艾麻口服液对慢性支气管炎大鼠支气管TNF-α、ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2002,18(7):834-836.
[1]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:108-109.
[2]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:110-111.
[3]李宏军.慢性前列腺炎的病因学、分类及病理[J].医学新知杂志,2006,16(2):63-69.
[4]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎.当归多糖的免疫活性和对造血功能影响[J].中药药理与临床2002,18(5):24-25.
[5]杨铁虹,贾敏,梅其炳.当归多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用[J].中成药,2005,27(5):563-565.
[6]刘梅,刘雪英,程健峰.苦参碱的药理研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[7]高向东,吴梧桐.当归及其成分阿魏酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1994,15(2):107-110.
[8]陈玉春.当归补血汤对血虚小鼠产生IL-2影响的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(12):739-741.
[9]吕世静,黄槐莲,吴宋厦.当归对实验动物红细胞粘附功能及IL-2免疫调节作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(5):61.
[10]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药,1989,11(2):35-36.
[11]夏雪雁.当归醇沉物对体外小鼠脾,胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中草药.1999,30(2):112.
[12]窦肇华,张远强,郭顺根.免疫细胞学与疾病[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2004:856-870.
[13]Barton BE.IL:insights into novel biological activities[J].Clin Immunol Immunopathol,1997,85(1):16-20.
[14]汪岩,赵忠文,王文波.前列腺液中细胞因子在慢性前列腺炎中的意义[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1999,25(4):402-403.
[15]吕世静,何德.当归注射液免疫功能的增强效应[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(11):45-47.
[16]清原宽章.当归的化学及药理研究进展[J].国外医学中医中药分册,1990,12(6):272.
[17]Ping Zheng,Fengli Niu,Wenzhong Liu,et al.Anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of rats[J].World Journal Gastroenterol,2005,11(31):4912-4915.
[18]林文,张俊平,胡振林.苦参碱对细胞脂多糖诱导大鼠枯否细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子 及白细胞介素-6的影响[J].药学学报,1997,32(2):93-96.
[19]John H,Barghom A,Funke G,et al.Noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome immunological study in blood,ejaculate and prostate tissue [J].Euro Urol,2001,39:72-78.
[20]Miller L J,Fischer K A,Goralnick S J,et aL.Interleukiirlo levels in seminal plasma:implications for chronic prastatits-chronic pelvic pain syndrome [J].J Urol,2002,167(2Pt1):753-756.
[21]李宏军,黄字烽.IL-10、IL-8在慢性前列腺炎中的改变及意义[J].中华男科学杂志,2004,10(7):486.
[22]Paulis G,Conti E,Voliani S,et al.Evaluation of the cytokines in genital secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Arch Ital Urol Androl,2003,75(4):179-186.
[23]李火金,史明,张忠林.精浆热休克蛋白及细胞因子表达与前列腺炎分型的关系[J].实用诊断与治疗杂志,2006,20(11):801-803.
[1]阳洁,刘华钢.中药抗炎作用分子机制研究进展[J].广西科学,2005,12(3):208-213.
[2]Thomas L,Jang Anthony J,Schaeffer.The role of cytokines in prostatitis [J].World J Urol,2003,21(1):95-99.
[3]Shalaby MR,Aggarwel BB,Kinderknecht E,et al.Activation of Human polymorphonuclear neatrphil function by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors[J].J Immunol,1985,135(3):2069-2073.
[4]金伯泉.细胞和分子免疫学[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2001:177.
[5]Staunton DE,Marlin SD,Stratowa C,et al.Primary structure of ICAM-1demonstrates interaction between members of the inmmunolobulin and integrin Sup regene families[J].Cell,1988,52(6):925-933.
[6]孙一鸣,刘丽,李英林,等.前列腺水丸对慢性细菌性前列腺炎大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2006,12(5):470-472.
[7]李火金,史明,张忠林.精浆热休克蛋白及细胞因子表达与前列腺炎分型的关系[J].实用诊断与治疗杂志,2006,20(11):801-803.
[8]Nadler RB,kochAE,CalhounEA,et al.IL-1β and TNF-α in prostatic secretions are indicators in the evaluation of men with chronic prostatitis[J].J Urol,2000,164(1):214-218.
[2]NICKEL JC.Effective office management of prostatitis[J].Urol Clin North Am,1998,25(4):677-684.
[3]Shoskes DA.Use of antibiotics in chronic prostatitis syndromes[J].Can J Urol,2001,8(Supp 1):24-28.
[4]Collins MM,Staford RS,O'Leary MP,et al.How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits[J].J Urol,1998,159(4):1224-1228.
[5]Roberts RO,Bergstralh EJ,Bass SE.Prostatitis as arisk factor for prostate cancer[J].Epidemiology,2004,15(1):93-99.
[6]李宏军,丘勇超.征服前列腺炎:防治前列腺炎的278个策略[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2003:24-25.
[7]戴春福.中西医临床男科学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2005:83.
[8]Nickel JC.Prostatitis:hessons from the 20th Century[J].BJU International,2000,85(2):179-185.
[9]Keieger JN,Jacobs R,Ross SO.Does the chronic prostatitis/pelvic pain syndrome differ from nonbacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia[J].J Urol,2000,164(5):1554-1558.
[10]李宏军,丘勇超,许蓬.征服前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2007:40-42,59,222-223.
[11]汪官富,陈安屏,卢思保,等.680例慢性前列腺炎病原学分析及治疗体会[A].中华医学会第四次全国男科学术会议论文汇编[C],2001:91.
[12]岳东民,王虹,陈新,等.前列腺炎的诊断与治疗新进展[J].中国实用医药,2007,2(11):80.
[13]何亮,莫衍石,熊礼宽,等.细菌性前列腺炎患者前列腺液菌群调查及耐药谱分析[J].中国微生态学杂志,2008,20(3):255-257.
[14]吴成山,张静,郑百鹤.慢性前列腺炎的中医辨证分型及疗效观察[J].四川中医,2008,26(2):62-63.
[15]Cheah PY,Liong ML,Yuen KH,et al.Chronic prostatitis:symptom survey with follow-up clinical evaluation[J].Urology,2003,61(1):60-64.
[16]Clinical Efectiveness Group(UK).National guideline for the management of prostatitis[J].Sex Transm Infect,1999,75(Supp 1):46-50.
[17]Asha R.Shahed,Daniel f.Shoskes.Oxidative stress in prostatic fluid of patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome:correlation with Gram positive bacterial growth and treatment response[J].Journal of Andrology,2000,21(5):669-675.
[18]胡小朋,白文俊,朱积川,等.慢性前列腺炎细菌及免疫学研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂 志,2002,23(1):29-30.
[19]Meares EM Jr,Prostatitis and related disorders[A].In:Walsh PC,Retik A B,Vaughan ED,et al.eds.Campbell's Urology.7th ed.Philadelphia:WB Saunders Co[C],1998:615-628.
[20]石晓星,商学军.中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶在男性生殖道感染诊断中的意义[J].中华男科学,2003,9(2):137-138.
[21]王振义,李家增,阮长耿.血栓与止血——基础理论与临床[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:514.
[22]陈和亮,徐文锋.前列安片治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床与实验研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1997,4(6):14.
[23]李章,高镇松.慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学实验研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(2):189-190,220.
[24]蒋毅.中药前必治治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,1999,6(1):14-16.
[25]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:110-111.
[26]Shalaby MR,Aggarwel BB,Kinderknecht E,et al.Activation of Human polymorphonuclear neatrphil function by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors[J].J Immunol,1985,135(3):2069-2073.
[27]Staunton DE,Marlin SD,Stratowa C,et al.Primary structure of ICAM-1demonstrates interaction between members of the inmmunolobulin and integrin Sup regene families[J].Cell,1988,52(6):925-933.
[28]孙一鸣,刘丽,李英林,等.前列腺水丸对慢性细菌性前列腺炎大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2006,12(5):470-472.
[29]Flynn JL,Goldetein MM,Chan J,et al.Tumour necrosis factor-α is require in the protective immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice[J].Immunity,1995,2:561-572.
[30]Sheare GM.Molecular Medicine:Cytokines in health and diseases[J].J Inflammation,1996,46(1):61-63.
[31]唐孝达.慢性前列腺炎诊断与治疗进展[J].中国男科学杂志,2002,16(3):193-196.
[32]张亚强,卢建新,吴志奎,等.丹蒲胶囊对慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-2,IL-6水平的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(11):828-829.
[33]孙卫召,王惠琴.细胞因子研究方法学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:75-76.
[34]贺大林,周锋,何辉,等.前列腺按摩液中IL-8和TNF-α测定在慢性前列腺炎诊断, 分型中的临床意义[J].中华男科学杂志,2004,10(10):740-742.
[35]叶海云,侯树坤,白文俊,等.慢性前列腺炎患者前列腺液IL-6和IL-8表达变化及意义[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2003,24(4):279-281.
[36]Hochreiter WW,Nadler RB,Koch AE,et al.Evaluation of the cytokines interleukin 8 and epithelial neutrophil activating peptide 78 as indicators of inflammation in prostatic secretions[J].Urology,2000,56(6):1025-1029.
[37]Miller LJ,Fischer KA,Goralnick SJ,et al.Interleukin-10 levels in seminal plasma:implications for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome [J].J Urol,2002,167(2 Pt 1):753-756.
[38]丘勇超,宋文英.浅谈慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗[J].男科医学,2006,(6):11-13.
[39]王刚,张晓燕,吴金虎.慢性细菌性前列腺炎锌含量与局部免疫功能的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2006,23(2):6-7,16.
[40]Jun-Fu Zhou,Wei-Qiang Xiao,Yi-Chun Zheng,et al.Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis [J].Asian Journal of Andrology,2006,8(3):317-323.
[41]刘小平,邓岩.氧自由基在前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中国男科学杂志,2001,15(4):264-265.
[42]Pasqualotto F F,Sharma R K,Potts J M,et al.Seminal oxidative stress in patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Urology,2000,55(6):881-885.
[43]Nickel JC,Downey J,Pontari MA,et al.A randomized placebo controlled multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of finasteride for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome(category ⅢA chronic nonbacterial prostatitis)[J].BJU Int,2004,93(7):991-997.
[44]Szekanecz Z.Haines GK,Lin TR,et al.Differential distribution of intercelhlar adhesion molecules(ICAM-1,ICAM-2 and ICAM-3)and the MS-1 antigen in normal and diseased human synovia.Their possible pathogenetic and clinical significance in rheumatoid arthritis[J].Arthritis Rheum,1994,37(2):221-231.
[45]Tak PP.Thurkow EW,Daha MR,et al.Expression of adhesion molecules in early rheumatoid synovial tissue[J].Clin Immunol Immoupathol,1995,77(3):236-242.
[46]王和.现代前列腺炎基础与临床[M].贵阳:贵州科技川版社,2005:287.
[47]王小琴,马宇峰.前列腺疾病的现代诊断与治疗[M].北京:中国医约科技出版 社,2001:260-261.
[48]庞桂建.慢性前列腺炎药物治疗进展[J].广西医学,2004,26(11):1658-1660.
[49]刘朝晖,熊剑辉,赵子文,等.常见致病菌耐药性监制及意义[J].新医学,2000,31(9):537-538.
[50]Meares EM Jr.Prostatitis[J].Med Clin North Am,1991,75(2):405-424.
[51]Roberts RO,Lieber MM,Bostwick DG,et al.A review of clinical and pathological prostatitis syndromes[J].Urology,1997,49(6):809-821.
[52]邓春华,朱朝阳,梁宏,等.α-受体阻断剂治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床探讨[J].中国全科医学杂志,1999,2(1):29-30.
[53]吴荣佩,郑克立,胡红星,等.α1-受体阻滞剂治疗慢性前列腺炎疗效观察[J].临床泌尿外科杂志,2001,16(5):207-208.
[54]杨辉,杨樟卫.前列腺炎用抗菌药物的合理选用[J].药学实践杂志,2004,22(3):152.
[55]Shafika.Anal Submucosal injection:a new route for drug administration,Ⅵ,chronic prostatitis:a new modality of treatment with report of 11cases[J].Urology,1991,37(11):61-64.
[56]李红辉.直肠黏膜下注射治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2004,14(22):102-103.
[57]孟战战.药物灌注透入及水囊按摩治疗慢性前列腺炎100例[J].男性学杂志,1997,11(1):34.
[58]古子平,文乐祥.配合局部注射治疗慢性前列腺炎的探讨[A].中国临床医生杂志编辑部·实用临床经验集[C].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:334-336.
[59]赵文汝,Bernard S Brucker.操作性肌电生物反馈治疗慢性颈脊髓损伤的疗效观察[J].中华物理医学与康复杂志,2003,25(5):275-277.
[60]瑞卡西,李世文,刘云飞.生物反馈联合药物治疗慢性前列腺炎的疗效观察[J].医学新知杂志,2006,16(2):92-94.
[61]吴阶平.吴阶平泌尿外科学[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社,2004:584-586.
[1]陈志强,江海身.男科专病中医临床诊治[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:34-35.
[2]戴春福.中西医临床男科学[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.2005:79.
[3]刘平,石勇.前列腺炎综合征从痈疡论治[J].四川中医,2003,21(10):8-9.
[4]何世明.自拟精浊汤为主治疗慢性前列腺炎80例[J].中国医药学报,2000,15(2):34-35.
[5]戴宁.应用男炎消方治疗慢性前列腺炎临床研究[J].江西中医药,2001,34(4):11-12.
[6]王庆侠.清热解毒行气活血治疗前列腺炎[J].长春中医学院学报,2002,18(3):19.
[7]李继圣.前列汤治疗慢性前列腺炎60例[J].吉林中医药,2001,21(2):30-31.
[8]刘毅,王月郎,蔡继红.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎及相关疾病60例[J].湖南中医药导报,2000,6(2):19-21.
[9]冯保华.复元活血汤加减治疗气滞血瘀型慢性前列腺炎262例分析[J].中国误诊学杂志,2008,8(15):3674.
[10]袁维森,张新安.辨证分型治疗慢性前列腺炎72例[J].江苏中医,1997,18(6):7-8.
[11]左仲许.中药治疗慢性前列腺炎21例临床报告[J].实用中西医结合杂志.1996,9(8):494-495.
[12]陈通文,陈和亮.舒肝理气补肾活血法治疗慢性前列腺炎40例[J].上海中医药大学学报,2003,17(4):31-33.
[13]周安方.治疗慢性前列腺炎为什么要慎用温补方药[J].中医杂志,1995,36(5):306.
[14]郑国珍,郭启先.慢性前列腺炎从疡科辨治[J].福建中医药.1997,28(1):6-7.
[15]樊学中.软坚散结化瘀降浊清热利湿法治疗前列腺增生症217例[J].新中医,1999,31(12):26-27.
[16]李宏军,丘勇超,许蓬.征服前列腺炎[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社.第2版.2007:237.
[17]何永生,鲁冰丰.鲁贤昌治疗慢性前列腺炎的经验[J].四川中医,2003;21(5):5-6.
[18]李恒山.浅谈慢性前列腺炎证治体会[J].新中医,1997,29(3):57.
[19]陈乃光.前列腺疾病临床荟萃[M].北京:华夏出版社,1993:7-9.
[20]王铠.针灸辨证治疗慢性前列腺炎30例[J].四川中医,2002,20(1):72-73.
[21]夏晓菊.针刺治疗前列腺炎28例疗效观察[J].针灸临床杂志,1997,13(4):27.
[22]何馨.针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎36例临证观察[J].中医药学刊,2001,19(4):387.
[23]于漾,康井利.温针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎临床研究[J].辽宁中医杂志,2004,31(9):775-776.
[24]洪文.温针灸治疗慢性前列腺炎30例[J].浙江中医杂志,2001,(6):266-267.
[25]张津平.慢性前列腺炎80例临床疗效观察[J].天律中医,1998,15(4):169.
[26]陆遥.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎[J].成都中医药大学学报,2000,23(1):31-32.
[27]贾玉森,李日庆,孙明杰,等.前列腺炎栓治疗非特异性慢性前列腺炎(湿热夹瘀证)104例临床与实验研究[J].中医杂志,1999,40(2):98-99.
[28]李延虎,张永生.肛门栓剂治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎96例[J].中医外治杂志,2001,10(4):14.
[29]韩冰,刘洪玺,王哲,等.直肠内中药电离子导入法治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床观察[J].天津中医,1990,(6):7-9.
[30]王均贵,赵明利.中药离子经直肠导入治疗慢性前列腺炎80例临床观察[J].中医杂志,1998,39(5):291.
[31]李永生.中医内服及直肠给药治疗慢性前列腺炎45例[J].辽宁中医杂志,1998,25(5):209.
[32]白耀辉,张时宜,钱存泽.仿灸仪治疗慢性前列腺炎80例[J].上海针灸杂志,1991,10(2):27.
[33]张津平.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎64例[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2005,11(3):254-255.
[34]陈全寿,廖伟森.中药外治慢性前列腺炎50例疗效观察[J].浙江中医杂志,2000,35(2):50.
[35]戚广崇.中国首届男科学术大会述要[J].中医杂志,1996,37(1):51-52.
[36]尚学臣.综合疗法治疗慢性前列腺炎68例[J].天津中医,1999,16(6):32.
[37]邹建安,赵蔼峰,陈久发,等.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2001,7(5):329-330.
[38]崔建国,石玉花,张华,等.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎临床研究[J].实用中医药杂志,2005,21(1):20-21.
[39]岳揆先.中西医结合治疗慢性细菌性前列腺炎疗效观察[J].中国中西医结合外科杂志,2002,8(3):200-201.
[40]孙中明.中西医结合治疗慢性前列腺炎50例[J].黑龙江中医药,1999,(5):7.
[41]吴大真,王炎,王凤岐.现代名中医前列腺治疗绝技[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,2004,9:195.
[42]和汝泉.经验方治疗前列腺炎体会[J].实用中医药杂志.2006,22(1):35.
[43]王琦.王琦男科学[M].第2版.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2007:640-656.
[1]石刚刚.当归和丹参对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].中国临床药学杂志,1999,8(2):96-98.
[2]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[3]严晓红,欧阳静萍,涂淑珍,等.当归对氧化低密度脂蛋白所致血管内皮细胞损伤的保护作用[J].湖北医科大学学报,1999,20(3):1811.
[4]沈映君.中药药理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:227,921-923.
[5]王亚平,祝彼得.当归多糖对小鼠红系细胞增殖的影响[J].中华血液学杂志,1993,14(12):650.
[6]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎.当归多糖的免疫活性和对造血功能影响[J].中药药理与临床2002,18(5):24-25.
[7]陈作伟.当归多糖铁的合成及一般特性[J].中成药,1998,20(10):89-90.
[3]牛泱平,金锦梅.当归注射液对正常人和再生障碍性贫血患者造血祖细胞的刺激增殖作用[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1998,11(9):772-773.
[9]杨德章.阿魏酸钠对实验性心肌梗塞犬鼠及耗氧量的影响[J].湖北医学院学报,1986,7(1):7.
[10]彭仁琇.当归对心血管系统的药理作用[J].中草药,1981,12(7):32-33.
[11]张伟国,张志善,喻学钢.当归素对大白鼠实验性心肌缺血再灌注损伤的膜质保护作用[J].湖北医学院学报,1992,(4):308.
[12]上官海娟,徐江,官洪山.当归对心肌梗死后心肌细胞凋亡和心室重构的影响[J].中国中西医结合急救杂志,2008,15(1):39-44.
[13]庄学煊,李长潮,陈少如.当归注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心律失常的保护作用[J].中西医结合杂志,1991,11(6):360-361.
[14]朱玉真,杨庆利,张培棪.当归总酸抗心律失常作用的研究及其它作用的观察[J].兰州医学院学报,1989,15(3):125-128.
[15]孙仁宇,严仪昭,张宏,等.心得安对当归缓解大鼠低氧性肺动脉高压的影响[J].中国医学科学院学报,1988,10(5):335.
[16]郑凌,段生福,张珍祥,等.当归对肺血管扩张作用的实验和临床研究[J].同济医科大学学报,1991,20(6):389-400.
[17]王玉升,邹明辉,付蔓华,等.当归注射液对急性脑缺血大鼠治疗作用机理的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1993,18(1):48.
[18]陈少刚,李长潮,庄学煊,等.当归注射液对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1995,15(8):486.
[19]余追,欧阳静萍,刘永明,等.当归抗家兔主动脉粥样硬化形成的作用[J].中国动脉硬化杂志,2000,8(1):46-48.
[20]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药.1989,11(2):35.
[21]胡慧娟,杭秉茜,王朋书,等.阿魏酸的抗炎作用[J].中国药科大学学报,1990,21(51):279-282.
[22]张中和.当归的抗炎作用[J].甘肃药学.1992,(1):1.
[23]吕世静,何德.当归注射液免疫功能的增强效应[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(11):45-47.
[24]高向东,吴梧桐.当归及其成分阿魏酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1994,15(2):107-110.
[25]陈玉春.当归补血汤对血虚小鼠产生IL-2影响的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(12):739-741.
[26]吕世静,黄槐莲,吴宋厦.当归对实验动物红细胞粘附功能及IL-2免疫调节作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(5):61.
[27]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药,1989,11(2):35-36.
[28]清原宽章.当归的化学及药理研究进展[J].国外医学中医中药分册,1990,12(6):372.
[29]夏雪雁.当归醇沉物对体外小鼠脾,胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中草药.1999,30(2):112.
[30]杨铁虹,贾敏,梅其炳.当归多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用[J].中成药,2005,27(5):563-565.
[31]冯景奇,柳钟勋.当归多糖及当归内酯对小鼠细胞免疫功能的影响[J].中国免疫学杂志,1998,14(4):279-282.
[32]白润江,于红娟,王嘉军.当归多糖对小鼠血液、胸腺、脾脏中cAMP、cGMP含量的影响[J].中医杂志,1998,39(7):429.
[33]赵离原,周勇.当归多糖体外免疫调节作用的实验研究[J].上海免疫学杂志,1995,15(2):96-97.
[34]兰中芬,张阴芝,白润江,等.当归化学成分(总酸、中性油、多糖)对小鼠免疫功能影响的观察[J].兰州医学院学报,1986,(2):56.
[35]王瑾,刘君炎.当归多糖体外诱导巨噬细胞的实验研究[J].云南中医中药杂志,1999,20(4):34-36.
[36]冯景奇,柳钟勋.当归多糖拮抗环胞菌素A、氢化可的松及抗肿瘤药的免疫抑制作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1998,10(4):5-8.
[37]高其铭.当归的药理研究与其归经功效关系的探讨[J].中成药研究,1985,(5):32-34.
[38]石米扬,昌兰芳.红花、当归、益母草对子宫兴奋作用的机理研究[J].中国中药杂 志,1995,20(3):173-175.
[39]叶丽红,蔡梅芳,许德金,等.当归、红花防治支气管哮喘的实验研究[J].江苏中医,1998,19(7):41-42.
[40]彭则,张珍祥,徐永健.当归与硝苯吡啶对慢性支气管炎肺泡巨噬细胞胞浆游离钙水平的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2000,16(8):738-740.
[41]孙元琳,顾小红,李德远,等.当归多糖对急性辐射损伤小鼠外周血淋巴细胞的保护作用[J].中华放射医学与防护杂志,2006,26(4):369-370.
[42]孙元琳,顾小红,李德远,等.当归多糖的制备及抗辐射效应研究[J].食品科学,2005,26(1):48-52.
[43]张端莲,张世明,戎诚兴.当归对60Co-r射线辐射损伤后的小鼠卵巢功能恢复过程中超微结构变化的研究[J].湖北医学院学报,1990,11(4):322-326.
[44]吴琦,王娟娟,赵琳,等.当归补血汤及其单味药对60Co照射小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].北京中医学院学报,1993,36(4):53-55.
[45]胡万里,胡礼泉,程蓓.当归对大鼠海绵体神经损伤后阴茎NOS活性的影响[J].中华男科学,2001,7(1):29-31.
[45]廖长秀,汪晖,彭仁琇,等.阿魏酸钠对甘油致小鼠肾脏氧化性损伤的拮抗效应[J].药学学报,2003,38(12):900-903.
[47]李明明,吴丽颖,朱玲玲,等.当归有效成分抗缺氧损伤作用的研究进展[J].军事医学科学院院刊.2008,32(1):87-90.
[48]王瑾,刘君炎,夏丰年,等.当归多糖促进瘤苗抗瘤作用初探[J].辽宁中医杂志,1999,26(1):39-40.
[49]商澎,杨铁虹,贾敏,等.当多糖APO对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用[J].第三军医大学学报,2001,23(11):1299-1232.
[50]郑敏,王亚平.当归多糖对K562细胞增殖抑制与诱导分化的实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2002,22(1):54-57.
[51]Kumazawa Y,Mizumoe K,Otsuka T.Immunostimulating polysaccharide separated from hot water extract of Angelica acutiloba Kitagawa(Yamato Tohki)[J].Immunology,1982,47(1):75-83.
[52]程国权.岷县当归多糖对小鼠移植性肿瘤的作用[J].甘肃医药,1986,5(3):5.
[53]戚晓利,徐秀芳,魏晓东.当归对D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠抗氧化系统的研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2003,26(1):223.
[54]袁新初,张端莲.当归注射液对更年期大鼠超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(9):822-823.
[55]黄伟晖,宋纯清.当归的化学和药理学研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2001,26(3): 147-152.
[56]陈慧珍.当归的研究进展[J].海峡药学,2008,20(8):83-85.
[57]黄桂香.当归生物学效应研究[J].时珍国医国药,2001,12(3):262-263.
[58]方文贤,宋崇顺,周立孝.医用中药药理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社.1998:673.
[59]丁国建,钟德午,马雨慧.当归根提取物降低血吸虫性肝纤维化门脉压力的实验研究[J].实用预防医学,2002,9(6):580-582.
[60]宋前流,宗瑞义.参归煎剂抗痴呆作用与谷氨酸的关系[J].中成药,1995,17(6):28-30.
[61]南京中医药大学.中药大辞典·下册[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,2006:2709.
[62]王文杰.贝母[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,1990:203-213.
[63]周颖,季晖,李萍,等.五种贝母甾体生物碱对豚鼠离体气管条M受体的拮抗作用[J].中国药科大学学报,2003,34(1):58-60.
[64]Bochu Qian,Hengjun Xu.Studies on the antitussive and sedative activities of peimine and peiminine[J].Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica,1985,20(4):306-308.
[65]骆和生,王建华.中药方剂的药理与临床研究进展[M].广东:华南理工大学出版社,1991:138-139.
[66]肖灿鹏,赵浩如,李萍,等.中药贝母几种主要成分的体外抗菌活性[J].中国药科大学学报,1992,23(3):188-189.
[67]李仝,胡凯文,陈信义,等.浙贝母对呼吸系统耐药金黄色葡萄球菌逆转作用的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(5):51-52.
[68]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[69]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.辛温(热)合归脾胃经中药药性研究(Ⅵ)抗血栓形成和抗凝作用[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(11):691-693.
[70]李萍,季晖,徐国军,等.贝母类中药的镇咳祛痰作用研究[J].中国药科大学学报,1993,24(6):360.
[71]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.浙贝母的抗炎和抗腹泻作用[J].湖南中医药导报,1998,4(10):30-31.
[72]Li Ping,Wang Yixian,Xu Guojun,et al.Antitumor Activity of Puqietinone,a Novel Alkaloid from the Bulbs of Friti]laria puqiensis[J].Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science,1995,4(4):217-220.
[73]陈婷婷,陈曙霞,刘晶星.苦参总碱有效成分对柯萨奇B病毒感染的Hela细胞的保护作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(1):18-21.
[74]李继强,陈萦恒,曾民德,等.氧化苦参碱抗乙型肝炎病毒的体外实验研究[J].中华消化杂志,2001,21(9):550-552.
[75]李洪敏,冯端浩,曹晶,等.中药苦参碱对结核杆菌的抑制作用[J].解放军药学学报,2002,18(6):383-385.
[76]樊宏伟,卢继红,张蓉.苦参碱类生物碱的体外抑菌、抑病毒及诱生干扰素的实验研究[J].中医药信息,2000,17(4):76-76.
[77]刘梅,刘雪英,程建峰.苦参碱的药理研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[78]蔡宝仁,汤苏阳.苦参类生物碱的研究进展和临床应用[J].医学信息,2001,14(4):236-238.
[79]刘芬,刘洁,陈霞,等.氧化苦参碱的抗炎作用及其机制[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2005,31(5):728-730.
[80]Ping Zheng,Fengli Niu,Wenzhong Liu,et al.Anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of rats[J].World Journal Gastroenterol,2005,11(31):4912-4915.
[81]冯亚珍,周蓉,魏新峰.苦参对小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用[J].河南中医,1997,17(5):277-278.
[82]宋磊,王鲁萍,何仲海,等.苦参碱的利尿作用及与药代动力学之间的关系[J].河北医学,2001,7(8):678-679.
[83]肖诗鹰.苦参在抗肿瘤方面的应用与研究[J].实用中西医结合杂志,1991,4(9):564.
[84]王力情,余上才,李仪奎.用血清药理学方法研究中药苦参、仙鹤草的抗肿瘤作用[J].中国中医药科技,1995,2(5):19-21.
[85]林文,张俊平,胡振林.苦参碱对细胞脂多糖诱导大鼠枯否细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子及白细胞介素-6的影响[J].药学学报,1997,32(2):93-96.
[86]吴建波,章圣辉,韩义香,等.苦参碱诱导多发性骨髓瘤RPMI8226细胞凋亡及其对细胞粘附分子表达的影响[J].中国实验血液杂志,2008,16(1):93-96.
[87]李青,王世久,杨庆华,等.氧化苦参碱对大鼠在位心脏的作用[J].山西医科大学学报,2000,31(3):221.
[88]孙宏丽,许超千,李哲,等.氧化苦参碱对豚鼠单个心肌细胞胞浆钙离子的影响[J].中国药学杂志,2004,39(4):264-266.
[89]陈霞,李英骥,葛静岩,等.氧化苦参碱对正常及乌头碱诱发心律失常大鼠动作电位的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2004,30(2):704-706.
[90]刘芬,刘洁,王秋静,等.氧化苦参碱对大鼠血压的影响[J].吉林大学学报(医学 版),2005,31(3):417-419.
[91]陈伟忠,朱梁,张兴荣,等.苦参碱对大鼠肝纤维化的影响[J].中国新药与临床杂志,2000,19(5):410-413.
[92]Xinhua Zhu,Yudong Qiu,Mingke Shi,et al.Matrine protects sinusoidal endothelial cells from cold ischemia and reperfusion injury in rat orthotopic liver transplantation[J].Annals of Clinicaland Laboratory Science,2003,33(2):216-225.
[93]耿群美,李兰城,贾晓英.苦参碱、氧化苦参碱对小白鼠脑中递质γ-氨基丁酸和甘氨酸含量的影响[J].内蒙古医学杂志,1993,13(1):3-4.
[94]倪士峰,刘惠,孙平文,等.苦参药理学研究新进展[J].时珍国医国药,2008,19(6):1506-1507.
[95]鲍淑娟,李淑芳,周文正.苦参碱平喘作用机理探讨[J].中药药理与临床,1995,11(5):33-34.
[96]白音夫,莫日根.苦参碱对大鼠实验性胃粘膜损伤的保护作用[J].中草药,1996,27(12):729-730.
[97]黄自明,任哲,冯苏哲.苦参碱的抗生育活性及对人阴道正常菌群乳酸杆菌的影响[J].河南医科大学学报,1996,31(3):67-68.
[98]盖海山.王琦.对慢性前列腺炎症候群的论治思路[J].中国康复理论与实践,2005,11(12):1033-1034.
[99]王希兰.经方治疗慢性前列腺炎120例[J].甘肃中医,2007,20(12):39-40.
[100]邢国红.施汉章教授治疗慢性前列腺炎经验介绍[J].新中医,2004,36(5):11-12.
[101]赵章华,曹鸿云,华琼,等.前列消液治疗慢性前列腺炎156例[J].中国中医药信息杂志,2002,9(2):56.
[102]褚洪飞.当归贝母苦参丸治疗前列腺增生症31例[J].实用中医药杂志,2002,18(11):14.
[103]徐志奎.当归贝母苦参汤加味治疗尿潴留[J].中国民族民间医药杂志,2005(72):25-26.
[104]岳里加.中药治疗前列腺疾病的临床观察[J].辽宁中医杂志,2003,30(3):202.
[105]王莉萍,詹亚梅.当归贝母苦参汤治疗老年性泌尿系统感染34例小结[J].贵阳中医学院学报,2006,28(4):18-19.
[106]陈庆平,王诗雅,李书元,等.名医印会河教授临床抓主症经验集粹(八)[J].中国乡村医药,2001,8(4):24-25.
[107]蒋翅,何焕秀.当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗膀胱炎230例[J].国医论坛,1999,14(5):9.
[108]姜螈螈.于俊生运用当归贝母苦参丸治疗尿路感染经验[J].山东中医杂志,2008,27(5):345-346.
[109]杨桂芳.经方薏苡附子败酱散合当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗尿道综合征25例[J].中医药信息,2002,19(3):39-40.
[110]王珏.当归贝母苦参丸加味治疗产后尿潴留76例[J].中国中医药科技,2002,9(4):218.
[111]程晓春,龚一云,岳代荣,等.当归贝母苦参丸加味为主治疗阴囊湿疹60例[J].实用中医药杂志,2004,20(4):181.
[112]石彧,范先基.王三虎用当归贝母苦参丸治疗妇科肿瘤的经验[J].中医杂志,2006,47(5):344.
[113]彭科成.慢性盆腔炎治验[J].四川中医,1995,(5):41.
[114]王伯章.茯苓甘草汤合当归贝母苦参丸治疗肺胀喘悸83例[J].湖北中医杂志,2001,23(7):33.
[115]张荣春.当归贝母苦参丸加味应用经验[J].北京中医,1998(6):24-25.
[116]史恒军.吴一纯当归贝母苦参丸治验撷菁[J].江西中医药,1994,25(3):19-20.
[117]唐长金,田乐华.当归贝母苦参丸为主治疗慢性乙型肝炎193例[J].安徽中医临床杂志,1997,9(6):302.
[118]毕明义.当归贝母苦参丸治疗胃脘痛180例[J].河南中医,1992,12(1):17-18.
[119]王帆.当归贝母苦参汤治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效观察[J].医学理论与实践,2008,21(9):1022.
[120]张少瑜,慕海军.当归贝母苦参丸治疗慢性便秘95例[J].陕西中医,2008,29(9):1157.
[121]杨崇华.当归贝母苦参丸加味治验3则[J].新中医,2001,33(7):61.
[122]胡不群.当归贝母苦参丸治验[J].湖南中医学院学报,1991,11(4):49-50.
[1]李曰庆,贾玉森,李军.中医药治疗前列腺炎临床研究述评[J].北京中医药大学学报,1997,20(5):2-5.
[2]李兰群,王传航,刘春英,等.慢性前列腺炎中医证型分布频率研究[J].中华中医药杂志,2005,20(4):245-246.
[3]吴成山,张静,郑百鹤.慢性前列腺炎的中医辨证分型及疗效观察[J].四川中医,2008,26(2):62-63.
[4]李海松,韩富强,李日庆.918例慢性前列腺炎中医证型分布研究[J].北京中医药,2008,27(6):416-418.
[5]王琦.王琦男科学[M].第2版.河南:河南科学技术出版社,2007:711.
[6]郭本传.当归贝母苦参丸方加味治疗慢性前列腺炎85例[J].国医论坛,2008,23(6):7-8.
[7]孙桂云,王秀萍,潘利忠.当归贝母苦参丸治疗前列腺病举隅[J].辽宁中医杂志,2006,33(11):1494.
[8]李克光.金匮要略讲义[M].上海科学技术出版社,1985:233.
[9]杨恒茂.金匮要略当归贝母苦参丸效用探讨[J].陕西中医,1984,5(9):8-9.
[10]于俊生.肾脏病经方论治[M].人民卫生出版社,2007:148-151.
[1]李仪奎.中药药理实验方法学[M].上海:科学技术出版社,1991:145-146.
[2]李孟,刘修恒,黄耿,等.大鼠慢性细菌性前列腺炎模型的建立[J].中华男科学杂志,2007,13(6):557-558.
[1]戴岳,祁公任,林巳茏,等.泽桂癃爽胶囊对大鼠前列腺炎的抑制作用[J].中成药,2001,23(12):896-899.
[2]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:145-146.
[3]Schaeffer A J,Knauss J S,Landis R,et al.Leukocyte and bacterial counts do not correlate with severity of symptoms in men with chronic prostatitis:The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Cohort Study[J].J Urol,2002,168(3):1048-1053.
[4]胡慧娟,杭秉茜,王朋书,等.阿魏酸的抗炎作用[J].中国药科大学学报,1990,21(51):279-282.
[5]肖灿鹏,赵浩如,李萍,等.中药贝母几种主要成分的体外抗菌活性[J].中国药科大学学报,1992,23(3):188-189.
[6]李仝,胡凯文,陈信义,等.浙贝母对呼吸系统耐药金黄色葡萄球菌逆转作用的临床研究[J].北京中医药大学学报,2001,24(5):51-52.
[7]樊宏伟,卢继红,张蓉.苦参碱类生物碱的体外抑菌、抑病毒及诱生干扰素的实验研究[J].中医药信息,2000,17(4):76-76.
[8]刘梅,刘雪英,程建峰.苦参碱的药理研究进展[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[9]蔡宝仁,汤苏阳.苦参类生物碱的研究进展和临床应用[J].医学信息,2001,14(4):236-238.
[10]刘芬,刘洁,陈霞,等.氧化苦参碱的抗炎作用及其机制[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2005,31(5):728-730.
[11]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[12]沈映君.中药药理学[M].人民卫生出版社,2000:227,921-923.
[13]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[1]王振义,李家增,阮长耿.血栓与止血——基础理论与临床[M].第2版.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996:514.
[2]陈和亮,徐文锋.前列安片治疗慢性前列腺炎的临床与实验研究[J].中国中医药信息杂志,1997,4(6):14.
[3]李章,高镇松.慢性前列腺炎患者的血液流变学实验研究[J].中国血液流变学杂志,2004,14(2):189-190,220.
[4]张亚强,刘酞杨.前列腺汤治疗慢性前列腺炎血瘀证的临床与实验研究[J].中国中西医结合杂志,1998,18(9):534-536.
[5]邓春华,梁宏,梅弊,等.前列腺内尿液反流在慢性前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中华 泌尿外科杂志,1998,19(6):288-289.
[6]王亚平.当归的药理学研究进展[J].重庆医药,1989,8(4):31.
[7]蒋文跃,杨字,李燕燕.化痰药半夏、瓜篓、浙贝母、石菖蒲对大鼠血液流变性的影响[J].中医杂志,2002,43(3):215-216,225.
[8]张明发,沈雅琴,朱自平,等.辛温(热)合归脾胃经中药药性研究(Ⅵ)抗血栓形成和抗凝作用[J].中国中药杂志,1997,22(11):691-693.
[9]姚丽娜,孙汉清,江湛,等.湖北贝母、鄂北贝母、紫花鄂北贝母总碱对呼吸系统的药理作用[J].同济医科大学学报,1993,22(1):47-49.
[1]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:99,139.
[2]Jun-Fu Zhou,Wei-Qiang Xiao,Yi-Chun Zheng,et al.Increased oxidative stress and oxidative damage associated with chronic bacterial prostatitis [J].Asian Journal of Andrology,2006,8(3):317-323.
[3]刘小平,邓岩.氧自由基在前列腺炎发病中的作用[J].中国男科学杂志,2001,15(4):264-265.
[4]Pasqualotto F F,Sharma R K,Potts J M,et al.Seminal oxidative stress in patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Urology,2000,55(6):881-885.
[5]李明明,吴丽颖,朱玲玲,等.当归有效成分抗缺氧损伤作用的研究进展[J].军事医学科学院院刊.2008,32(1):87-90.
[6]袁新初,张端莲.当归注射液对更年期大鼠超氧化物歧化酶和脂质过氧化物的影响[J].中草药,2001,32(9):822-823.
[1]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:526.
[2]Pontari MA,Ruggieri MR.Mechanisms in prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome[J].J Urol 2004,172(3):839-845.
[3]杨勇,顾方六,Habib FK.前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中睾酮及双氢睾酮测定及其意义[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,1993,14(5):369-371.
[4]Nickel JC,Downey J,Pontari MA,et al.A randomized placebo controlled multicentre study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of finasteride for male chronic pelvic pain syndrome(category ⅢA chronic nonbacterial prostatitis)[J].BJU Int,2004,93(7):991-997.
[5]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:112,142.
[6]Harris MT,Feldberg RS,Lau KM,et al.Expression of proinflammatorygenes during estrogen-induced inflammation of the rat prostate [J].Prostate,2000,44:19-25.
[7]Vykhovanets EV,Resnick MI,MacLennanand GT,et al.Experimental rodent models of prostatitis:limitations and potential[J].Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis,2007,10(1):15-29.
[8]Naslund MJ,Coffey DS.The differential effect of neonatal androgen,estrogen and progesterone on adult rat prostate growth[J].J Urol 1986,136(5):1136-1140.
[9]汪兴生,解光艳,史学礼,等.苦参总黄酮对良性前列腺增生模型大鼠生殖内分泌的影响.中国中医药科技,2006,13(3):169-170.
[1]丘勇超,宋文英.浅谈慢性细菌性前列腺炎的诊断与治疗[J].男科医学,2006,(6): 11-13.
[2]胡小朋,白文俊,朱积川,等.慢性前列腺炎细菌及免疫学研究[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,2002,23(1):29-30.
[3]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:112,142.
[4]王刚,张晓燕,吴金虎.慢性细菌性前列腺炎锌含量与局部免疫功能的实验研究[J].微量元素与健康研究,2006,23(2):6-7,16.
[5]杜仲尚,杨青峰,王育敏.分泌型IgA放射免疫测定在慢性前列腺炎诊断中的初步应用[J].中华泌尿外科杂志,1992,13(2):158.
[6]王家治,胡礼采,李世文,等.慢性细菌性前列腺炎局部免疫状况对预后的影响[J].医学新知杂志,1999,9(4):187-189.
[7]Nickel JC.Prostatitis and Related Conditions.In:Walsh PC eds.Campbell's Urology[M].8th.Philadelphia:Saunders,2002:603-630.
[8]顾方六.现代前列腺病学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:526.
[1]Tak PP.Thurkow EW,Daha MR,et al.Expression of adhesion molecules in early rheumatoid synovial tissue[J].Clin Immunol Immoupathol,1995,77(3):236-242.
[2]张丽慧,魏尔清.ICAM-1、VCAM-1在脑缺血损伤炎症机制中的作用及调控[J].中国药理学通报,2005,11:1281-1285.
[3]同文生,赵克森,姜勇.LPS和TNF诱导血管内皮细胞ICAM-1蛋白表达的比较[J].中国微循环,2001,5(2):97-99.
[4]刘贵明,丁学琴.上世纪90年代脓毒症病理机制若干研究进展[J].国外医学·麻醉与复苏分册,2002,23(1):16-18.
[5]唐光华,黄启福,姜良铎.艾麻口服液对慢性支气管炎大鼠支气管TNF-α、ICAM-1蛋白及mRNA表达的影响[J].中国病理生理杂志,2002,18(7):834-836.
[1]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].第2版.北京:人民军医出版社,2007:108-109.
[2]郭应禄,李宏军.前列腺炎[M].北京:人民军医出版社,2002:110-111.
[3]李宏军.慢性前列腺炎的病因学、分类及病理[J].医学新知杂志,2006,16(2):63-69.
[4]张晓君,祝晨蔯,胡黎.当归多糖的免疫活性和对造血功能影响[J].中药药理与临床2002,18(5):24-25.
[5]杨铁虹,贾敏,梅其炳.当归多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用[J].中成药,2005,27(5):563-565.
[6]刘梅,刘雪英,程健峰.苦参碱的药理研究[J].中国中药杂志,2003,28(9):801-804.
[7]高向东,吴梧桐.当归及其成分阿魏酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响[J].中国生化药物杂志,1994,15(2):107-110.
[8]陈玉春.当归补血汤对血虚小鼠产生IL-2影响的实验研究[J].中国中药杂志,1994,19(12):739-741.
[9]吕世静,黄槐莲,吴宋厦.当归对实验动物红细胞粘附功能及IL-2免疫调节作用[J].中国实验临床免疫学杂志,1997,9(5):61.
[10]肖林.当归的药理研究进展[J].中成药,1989,11(2):35-36.
[11]夏雪雁.当归醇沉物对体外小鼠脾,胸腺淋巴细胞增殖的影响[J].中草药.1999,30(2):112.
[12]窦肇华,张远强,郭顺根.免疫细胞学与疾病[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2004:856-870.
[13]Barton BE.IL:insights into novel biological activities[J].Clin Immunol Immunopathol,1997,85(1):16-20.
[14]汪岩,赵忠文,王文波.前列腺液中细胞因子在慢性前列腺炎中的意义[J].白求恩医科大学学报,1999,25(4):402-403.
[15]吕世静,何德.当归注射液免疫功能的增强效应[J].中国中药杂志,1989,14(11):45-47.
[16]清原宽章.当归的化学及药理研究进展[J].国外医学中医中药分册,1990,12(6):272.
[17]Ping Zheng,Fengli Niu,Wenzhong Liu,et al.Anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis of rats[J].World Journal Gastroenterol,2005,11(31):4912-4915.
[18]林文,张俊平,胡振林.苦参碱对细胞脂多糖诱导大鼠枯否细胞释放肿瘤坏死因子 及白细胞介素-6的影响[J].药学学报,1997,32(2):93-96.
[19]John H,Barghom A,Funke G,et al.Noninflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome immunological study in blood,ejaculate and prostate tissue [J].Euro Urol,2001,39:72-78.
[20]Miller L J,Fischer K A,Goralnick S J,et aL.Interleukiirlo levels in seminal plasma:implications for chronic prastatits-chronic pelvic pain syndrome [J].J Urol,2002,167(2Pt1):753-756.
[21]李宏军,黄字烽.IL-10、IL-8在慢性前列腺炎中的改变及意义[J].中华男科学杂志,2004,10(7):486.
[22]Paulis G,Conti E,Voliani S,et al.Evaluation of the cytokines in genital secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis[J].Arch Ital Urol Androl,2003,75(4):179-186.
[23]李火金,史明,张忠林.精浆热休克蛋白及细胞因子表达与前列腺炎分型的关系[J].实用诊断与治疗杂志,2006,20(11):801-803.
[1]阳洁,刘华钢.中药抗炎作用分子机制研究进展[J].广西科学,2005,12(3):208-213.
[2]Thomas L,Jang Anthony J,Schaeffer.The role of cytokines in prostatitis [J].World J Urol,2003,21(1):95-99.
[3]Shalaby MR,Aggarwel BB,Kinderknecht E,et al.Activation of Human polymorphonuclear neatrphil function by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factors[J].J Immunol,1985,135(3):2069-2073.
[4]金伯泉.细胞和分子免疫学[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2001:177.
[5]Staunton DE,Marlin SD,Stratowa C,et al.Primary structure of ICAM-1demonstrates interaction between members of the inmmunolobulin and integrin Sup regene families[J].Cell,1988,52(6):925-933.
[6]孙一鸣,刘丽,李英林,等.前列腺水丸对慢性细菌性前列腺炎大鼠血清IL-6和TNF-α水平的影响[J].中华男科学杂志,2006,12(5):470-472.
[7]李火金,史明,张忠林.精浆热休克蛋白及细胞因子表达与前列腺炎分型的关系[J].实用诊断与治疗杂志,2006,20(11):801-803.
[8]Nadler RB,kochAE,CalhounEA,et al.IL-1β and TNF-α in prostatic secretions are indicators in the evaluation of men with chronic prostatitis[J].J Urol,2000,164(1):214-218.