基于ARM和USB-Host化学发光系统的数据存储研究
摘要
本论文详细介绍一种基于ARM内核处理器和USB-Host主机的化学发光检测系统。本化学发光系统成功实现了系统检测数据的采集、人机交互、批量数据的保存，融合操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ对发光系统的支持和设备的管理。本项目主机系统部分实现了USB核心驱动程序、主机控制器驱动程序以及用户程序，支持Mass Storage设备类协议，并在系统中建立了精简的FAT文件系统，能够用此系统来读取或写入U盘文件数据，并通过LCD液晶显示器直接反馈检测结果。
操作系统的USB开发一般来讲是针对PC机来设计的，也即是对USB设备的开发，USB设备脱离了PC机以后便变得无可用途，本文就绕开PC系统的限制，通过ARM芯片和USB主机控制器来实现对USB设备的控制。
化学发光系统存储设计的硬件方案主要由S3C4480和SL811控制器来搭建，它们成本低、功耗小、速度快，满足系统设计的可行性分析。在软件代码角度上，逐层完成事务驱动、传输驱动、设备描述、设备枚举就可以实现USB1.1的协议栈，再结合Mass Storage协议，构建轻型FAT16精简文件系统，就可以完成对U盘访问的设计。
本文在实现项目所要求的性能指标外，在文件系统的多层次性管理做了一定深度的研究和升级。在原有单目录的结构下改善成多目录结构，对病人各种信息实行级别管理，有效保存各个项目菜单下不同病人的案例，实现多项混合数据的同地存储。
操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ的引入，提供统一优化的任务访问模式，但U盘作为任务却会带来较慢的访问速度，约束人机交互，使得系统不具人性化。本论文据此设计一种方法，在操作系统下根据μC／OS-Ⅱ机制插入开发源码，解决多任务多数据下U盘存储所带来的数据紊乱性，满足U盘保存时而其他任务的共运行。
按照论文中提出的方法，成功实现了化学发光系统USB主机系统的构建，对开发嵌入式USB主机具有普遍的意义。最后论文针对所设计的系统，就USB主机系统作了总结和分析，并对嵌入式USB主机的发展前景作了展望。
The paper introduces a kind of CIDS (chemical irradiance detecting system) based on the ARM core processor and the USB-Host particularly. The CIDS completes the system data collection, the man-machine conversation, the bulk-data preservation successfully, and adds the operation systemμC/OS-Ⅱto support the project and the peripheral devices. This project's USB-Host has completed the USB core driver, the HCD (host controller driver) as well as the user program, has supported the MassStorage protocol for device class, and has established the simplified FAT16 filesystem on them, then it can fetch the file data from the U plate, and feedback the results of test directly through LCD(Liquid Crystal Display).
Generally speaking, USB technology of the operation system aims at the PC (personal computer) primarily, just for the development of USB device class, so if USB device was separated from PC, then it shouldn't have no significance for its own function. This paper avoids the limitation of PC, uses the ARM chip and the USB HCD to control the USB device.
The hardware design of the CIDS is constructed by the S3C44B0 chip and the SL811 controller, since their features contain low-cost, low-power, and the high speed and satisfy the feasibility analysis to the system design. In the aspect of software code, the CIDS completes transaction driver, transmission driver, device description, and device enumeration gradually. After those, the USB1.1 protocol stack is established, MassStorage protocol stack and FAT16 filesystem are added to the software structure. Then the whole system is able to complete the visit of U plate.
This paper not only completes the test performance of CIDS, but also completes the depth index for CIDS. Based on the structure of original single directory, the paper changes it to the more index-nodes for different patients' data. Through the new method, the different level patients' cases are managed in the same storage and the bulk data is saved regularly and also the turbulence of test results is avoidable.
μC/OS-Ⅱgives the consistent and optimized visit mode to the system tasks, but the task for U plate must obey the low speed of U plate visit, it restricts man-machine conversation and makes the system not professional. So the paper attempts to change the restriction and constructs the special methods to avoid the data turbulence of different tasks' visit. The paper also introduces the software mechanism like this: new code is inserted into operation system according to theμC/OS-Ⅱprinciple.
Based on the method proposed in the paper, The USB-host system construction of CIDS has been completed successfully; it has universal significance for the embedded USB-Host system development. Finally, the paper makes the conclusion for CDIS, especially for the USB-Host system development, and also points out the prospects for the embedded USB-Host system.
操作系统的USB开发一般来讲是针对PC机来设计的，也即是对USB设备的开发，USB设备脱离了PC机以后便变得无可用途，本文就绕开PC系统的限制，通过ARM芯片和USB主机控制器来实现对USB设备的控制。
化学发光系统存储设计的硬件方案主要由S3C4480和SL811控制器来搭建，它们成本低、功耗小、速度快，满足系统设计的可行性分析。在软件代码角度上，逐层完成事务驱动、传输驱动、设备描述、设备枚举就可以实现USB1.1的协议栈，再结合Mass Storage协议，构建轻型FAT16精简文件系统，就可以完成对U盘访问的设计。
本文在实现项目所要求的性能指标外，在文件系统的多层次性管理做了一定深度的研究和升级。在原有单目录的结构下改善成多目录结构，对病人各种信息实行级别管理，有效保存各个项目菜单下不同病人的案例，实现多项混合数据的同地存储。
操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ的引入，提供统一优化的任务访问模式，但U盘作为任务却会带来较慢的访问速度，约束人机交互，使得系统不具人性化。本论文据此设计一种方法，在操作系统下根据μC／OS-Ⅱ机制插入开发源码，解决多任务多数据下U盘存储所带来的数据紊乱性，满足U盘保存时而其他任务的共运行。
按照论文中提出的方法，成功实现了化学发光系统USB主机系统的构建，对开发嵌入式USB主机具有普遍的意义。最后论文针对所设计的系统，就USB主机系统作了总结和分析，并对嵌入式USB主机的发展前景作了展望。
The paper introduces a kind of CIDS (chemical irradiance detecting system) based on the ARM core processor and the USB-Host particularly. The CIDS completes the system data collection, the man-machine conversation, the bulk-data preservation successfully, and adds the operation systemμC/OS-Ⅱto support the project and the peripheral devices. This project's USB-Host has completed the USB core driver, the HCD (host controller driver) as well as the user program, has supported the MassStorage protocol for device class, and has established the simplified FAT16 filesystem on them, then it can fetch the file data from the U plate, and feedback the results of test directly through LCD(Liquid Crystal Display).
Generally speaking, USB technology of the operation system aims at the PC (personal computer) primarily, just for the development of USB device class, so if USB device was separated from PC, then it shouldn't have no significance for its own function. This paper avoids the limitation of PC, uses the ARM chip and the USB HCD to control the USB device.
The hardware design of the CIDS is constructed by the S3C44B0 chip and the SL811 controller, since their features contain low-cost, low-power, and the high speed and satisfy the feasibility analysis to the system design. In the aspect of software code, the CIDS completes transaction driver, transmission driver, device description, and device enumeration gradually. After those, the USB1.1 protocol stack is established, MassStorage protocol stack and FAT16 filesystem are added to the software structure. Then the whole system is able to complete the visit of U plate.
This paper not only completes the test performance of CIDS, but also completes the depth index for CIDS. Based on the structure of original single directory, the paper changes it to the more index-nodes for different patients' data. Through the new method, the different level patients' cases are managed in the same storage and the bulk data is saved regularly and also the turbulence of test results is avoidable.
μC/OS-Ⅱgives the consistent and optimized visit mode to the system tasks, but the task for U plate must obey the low speed of U plate visit, it restricts man-machine conversation and makes the system not professional. So the paper attempts to change the restriction and constructs the special methods to avoid the data turbulence of different tasks' visit. The paper also introduces the software mechanism like this: new code is inserted into operation system according to theμC/OS-Ⅱprinciple.
Based on the method proposed in the paper, The USB-host system construction of CIDS has been completed successfully; it has universal significance for the embedded USB-Host system development. Finally, the paper makes the conclusion for CDIS, especially for the USB-Host system development, and also points out the prospects for the embedded USB-Host system.
引文
[1] 张建鹏．全自动化学发光免疫分析仪：[硕士学位论文]．天津：天津大学，2005
[2] 李丽娜．新型流动注射—化学发光体系的研究及其应用：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：西南大学，2006
[3] 马忠梅，马广云，徐英慧，田泽．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础．北京：北京航空航天大学，2005．25～80
[4] Labosse Jean J. μC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel. USA: R&D Publications, 1992. 5～8
[5] 邵贝贝．嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的应用与新发展．北京：北京航空航天大学，2003．2～5
[6] 李烈均，刘少杰，张夜新．医疗系统的现状及发展前景．北京：科学出版社，2004．(9)：12～16
[7] 孙天泽，袁文菊，张海峰．嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南——基于ARM9处理器．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．6～23
[8] 刘丙成．μC/OS-Ⅱ内核分析及其平台的构建：[硕士学位论文]．呼和浩特：内蒙古工业大学，2005
[9] 尹高．嵌入式软件基础C语言与汇编的融合．北京：高等教育出版社，2004．35～69
[10] 崔龙，周启明等．基于ARM的实时测控系统开发平台单片机与嵌入式系统应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．(1)：47～50
[11] Charles D, Knutson J, Sam Carmichael. Verification and Validation for Embedded Software. Embedded System, 2001. (8): 32～42
[12] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．60～62
[13] 胥静．嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．225～229
[14] Leonard J, La padula. Rule-Set Modeling of a Trusted Computer System. URL:http://www.acsa-admin.org/secshelf/book001/
[15] Alan Burns. Scheduling Hard Real—time Systems. A Reviewer SoftwareEngineering Journal, 1991. (3): 116～128
[16] 姚放吾，徐漫江．嵌入CompactFlash卡接口设计．计算机应用研究，2004．6～14
[17] 刘洋，吕志明．基于ARM系统硬盘接口的使用和文件管理．电气电子教学学报，2003．(10)：35～41
[18] JanAxelson著，陈逸等译．USB大全．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．50～103
[19] 马伟．计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．21～33
[20] 邵同震，孙光民．嵌入式系统中USB总线驱动的开发与应用．计算机应用研究，2002．(12)：33～41
[21] 王云飞．USB系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：清华大学，2001
[22] 马伟．嵌入式FAT系统的研究与设计．计算机测量与控制，2003．59～63
[23] 张亦楠，岳春生，姜龙．ARM7系统中实现CF卡存储的文件系统设计．单片机与嵌入式应用，2003．61～68
[24] 周立功等．USB2．0与OTG规范及开发指南．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．(9)：353～363
[25] Leonard J, La padula. Rule-Set Modeling of a Trusted Computer System. URL:http://www.acsa-admin.org/secshelf/book001/
[26] Labosse J. Embedded System Building Blocks, Complete and Ready-to-use Modules in C. USA: R&D Publication, 1998. 128～137
[27] Axelson D. USB Complete Everything You Need to Develop Custom USB Perherals. Madison: Lakeview Research, 1999
[28] UINF-0021(USB2.0/1/1 Device Controller)Programming Guide, Rev, 1.1.0, Jun. 29. 2006
[29] UINF-0021 (USB2.0/1.1 Device Controller)Datasheet Revision 1.1.0, Dec. 06. 2004
[30] USB Implementers Forum. USB Communication Device Class Definition for MassStorage Devices. Copyright 1996
[31] USB Implementers Forum. Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport. Copyright 1999
[32] 何英．一种嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现：[硕士毕业论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2001
[33] Moshe Bar等．Linux文件系统．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．189～214
[34] 潘光晖，熊光泽．嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现：[硕士毕业论文]．北京：北方交通大学．2003
[35] 黄珊．军用嵌入式系统中的Flash文件系统设计．现代电子技术，2003．(16)：45～47
[36] 董明，刘加，刘润生．适宜于嵌入式多媒体应用的FLASH文件系统．电子技术应用，2002．(9)：24～28
[37] 陈智育．嵌入式系统中的Flash文件系统．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002．(2)：51～68
[38] Denis Praca, Claude Barral, From smart cards to smart objects: the road to new smart technologies. Computer Networks, 2001. (36): 381～389
[39] Shivakumar C. Balachander L. A layered approach to behavioralmodeling of bus protocols, 0-7803-6598-4, IEEE 2000
[40] General Overview of On-Disk Format Version 1.02, Microsoft Corportion , May. 5. 1999
[41] Smsung Electronics. Application Note for NANDFlash, Revision 2.0[EB/OL]. http:// www.samsung.com/Products/Semiconductor/Flash/TechnicalInfo/app_nand.pdf, 1999
[42] Thomas R, Harbron T. File Systems Structures and Algorithms. US: Prentice Hall, 1988. 134-185
[2] 李丽娜．新型流动注射—化学发光体系的研究及其应用：[硕士学位论文]．重庆：西南大学，2006
[3] 马忠梅，马广云，徐英慧，田泽．ARM嵌入式处理器结构与应用基础．北京：北京航空航天大学，2005．25～80
[4] Labosse Jean J. μC/OS-Ⅱ The Real-Time Kernel. USA: R&D Publications, 1992. 5～8
[5] 邵贝贝．嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅱ的应用与新发展．北京：北京航空航天大学，2003．2～5
[6] 李烈均，刘少杰，张夜新．医疗系统的现状及发展前景．北京：科学出版社，2004．(9)：12～16
[7] 孙天泽，袁文菊，张海峰．嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南——基于ARM9处理器．北京：电子工业出版社，2005．6～23
[8] 刘丙成．μC/OS-Ⅱ内核分析及其平台的构建：[硕士学位论文]．呼和浩特：内蒙古工业大学，2005
[9] 尹高．嵌入式软件基础C语言与汇编的融合．北京：高等教育出版社，2004．35～69
[10] 崔龙，周启明等．基于ARM的实时测控系统开发平台单片机与嵌入式系统应用．北京：电子工业出版社，2003．(1)：47～50
[11] Charles D, Knutson J, Sam Carmichael. Verification and Validation for Embedded Software. Embedded System, 2001. (8): 32～42
[12] 王田苗．嵌入式系统设计与实例开发．北京：清华大学出版社，2002．60～62
[13] 胥静．嵌入式系统设计与开发实例详解．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2005．225～229
[14] Leonard J, La padula. Rule-Set Modeling of a Trusted Computer System. URL:http://www.acsa-admin.org/secshelf/book001/
[15] Alan Burns. Scheduling Hard Real—time Systems. A Reviewer SoftwareEngineering Journal, 1991. (3): 116～128
[16] 姚放吾，徐漫江．嵌入CompactFlash卡接口设计．计算机应用研究，2004．6～14
[17] 刘洋，吕志明．基于ARM系统硬盘接口的使用和文件管理．电气电子教学学报，2003．(10)：35～41
[18] JanAxelson著，陈逸等译．USB大全．北京：中国电力出版社，2001．50～103
[19] 马伟．计算机USB系统原理及其主/从机设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．21～33
[20] 邵同震，孙光民．嵌入式系统中USB总线驱动的开发与应用．计算机应用研究，2002．(12)：33～41
[21] 王云飞．USB系统研究：[硕士学位论文]．北京：清华大学，2001
[22] 马伟．嵌入式FAT系统的研究与设计．计算机测量与控制，2003．59～63
[23] 张亦楠，岳春生，姜龙．ARM7系统中实现CF卡存储的文件系统设计．单片机与嵌入式应用，2003．61～68
[24] 周立功等．USB2．0与OTG规范及开发指南．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2004．(9)：353～363
[25] Leonard J, La padula. Rule-Set Modeling of a Trusted Computer System. URL:http://www.acsa-admin.org/secshelf/book001/
[26] Labosse J. Embedded System Building Blocks, Complete and Ready-to-use Modules in C. USA: R&D Publication, 1998. 128～137
[27] Axelson D. USB Complete Everything You Need to Develop Custom USB Perherals. Madison: Lakeview Research, 1999
[28] UINF-0021(USB2.0/1/1 Device Controller)Programming Guide, Rev, 1.1.0, Jun. 29. 2006
[29] UINF-0021 (USB2.0/1.1 Device Controller)Datasheet Revision 1.1.0, Dec. 06. 2004
[30] USB Implementers Forum. USB Communication Device Class Definition for MassStorage Devices. Copyright 1996
[31] USB Implementers Forum. Universal Serial Bus Mass Storage Class Bulk-Only Transport. Copyright 1999
[32] 何英．一种嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现：[硕士毕业论文]．成都：电子科技大学，2001
[33] Moshe Bar等．Linux文件系统．北京：清华大学出版社，2003．189～214
[34] 潘光晖，熊光泽．嵌入式文件系统的设计与实现：[硕士毕业论文]．北京：北方交通大学．2003
[35] 黄珊．军用嵌入式系统中的Flash文件系统设计．现代电子技术，2003．(16)：45～47
[36] 董明，刘加，刘润生．适宜于嵌入式多媒体应用的FLASH文件系统．电子技术应用，2002．(9)：24～28
[37] 陈智育．嵌入式系统中的Flash文件系统．单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002．(2)：51～68
[38] Denis Praca, Claude Barral, From smart cards to smart objects: the road to new smart technologies. Computer Networks, 2001. (36): 381～389
[39] Shivakumar C. Balachander L. A layered approach to behavioralmodeling of bus protocols, 0-7803-6598-4, IEEE 2000
[40] General Overview of On-Disk Format Version 1.02, Microsoft Corportion , May. 5. 1999
[41] Smsung Electronics. Application Note for NANDFlash, Revision 2.0[EB/OL]. http:// www.samsung.com/Products/Semiconductor/Flash/TechnicalInfo/app_nand.pdf, 1999
[42] Thomas R, Harbron T. File Systems Structures and Algorithms. US: Prentice Hall, 1988. 134-185