我国报纸讣闻报道现状研究
摘要
讣闻报道,又被称作死亡报道,即在新闻媒体上报道已故人物。它不仅报丧,还对死者生平及其社会贡献做出总结和评述。讣闻报道是西方报纸上常见的题材,其内容丰富,形式多样,哀而不伤,深受读者的喜爱。在我国,受传统文化影响,长期以来,报纸上的讣闻报道,对报道对象有严格的限制,多是政治要人、名人,而且讣闻写作严重格式化、雷同化,缺乏可读性。党报的讣闻报道成为一种政治待遇,都市报的名人讣闻报道则呈现出娱乐化的倾向。
近年来,以《新京报》“逝者”版为代表的都市报和地方性报纸纷纷开辟以普通人为对象的讣闻专版、专栏。其以普通人为报道对象,用平民视角和平民语言,进行故事化的叙述,可谓是创新性讣闻报道。这种讣闻报道形式既有对西方讣闻报道的有益借鉴,也有中国本土化的特色,充分发挥了讣闻报道的抚慰心灵、扩充人生体验、服务群众、肯定多元价值以及文化认同等功能。但同时,这种创新讣闻报道形式还不成熟,在理念上和操作层面都存在一定的问题。本文针对创新讣闻报道目前存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的对策。
本文分三个部分:
第一部分,讣闻报道的定义及流变。讣闻报道这个概念作为舶来词,要和我国传统观念的讣告进行区别。另外,对我国的讣闻报道从古代的祭文到现在的讣闻专版的发展历程进行梳理。
第二部分,我国报纸讣闻报道的发展现状及其特征。本文将我国当前讣闻报道主要分为传统讣闻报道和创新讣闻报道两种。其中前者以党报讣闻报道为代表,对其进行文本分析,总结其特征并分析产生的原因。后者以《新京报》等都市报和地方性报纸为代表,分析其产生的背景,通过文本分析总结其特征,并对其传播效果进行分析。
第三部分,我国报纸讣闻报道存在的问题及对策。重点分析创新讣闻报道的存在问题及对策。创新讣闻报道在我国还刚起步,发展不成熟。在重视程度、报道对象、报道语言、报道形式和手段以及沟通平台等方面都存在不足。我国新闻媒体要从理念上重视讣闻报道,高扬人本主义的新闻理念,并且树立“讣闻是新闻文体”的观念。还要注重采写角度和表达手法的创新,以更好促进讣闻报道的发展。
Obituary report is called death report, which reports the dead in news media. It not only reports the dead news, but also it aggregates and evaluates the life and social contributions of the dead. Obituary report is popular and can be commonly seen in western newspaper with its varied topics and forms.
In China,bound by the economic system and traditional view of life and death, obituary report in newspaper is often sternly restricted: mainly the reporting object should be political VIPs or celebrities,and the format should be under a certain style or pattern,as a result,it is rather unpopular. Obituaries in party’s paper have become a political honorable treatment,while those of the celebrities in the citied paper are inclined to be entertaining.
In recent years, represented by The Died edition in XinJing paper,many citied and provincial papers began to edit the specific edition of obituary in reporting the obituary notice of common people. They treat the common people as objects,and use a common people’s perspective and language to narrate a story like report. This form is using the western obituary report as reference; however,at the same time,it is featured by Chinese local culture. They exert the functions of obituary report: comforting the unfortunate,extending life experiences,serving the public,and affirming the value of multi-culture.
However,this new reporting form is still immature,and can be improved in its management and manipulation. The paper aims at analyzing the present problems and presenting corresponding measures.
It studies the present situation of China obituary report from three parts.
Firstly,the definition and the transformation of obituary report.
The concept obituary report itself is a loanword,and should be differed from obituary notice in tradition. Besides,the paper tidies the developing process of the obituary report in China from the ancient memorial words to the present obituary report in paper’s specific edition.
Secondly,it’s about the present state of China’s obituary report and its features. The paper divides obituary report into two kinds: traditional obituary report and innovative obituary report. The former objects on the reports of celebrities in the party’s paper,analyses its contents,summarizes its features,and digs up the causes. The latter centers on the citied and provincial paper, for example,XinJing,analyses its background,and summarizes its features and its transmitting effects.
Thirdly,it’s on the existed problems and measures. The paper puts emphasis on the innovative. The innovative obituary report is still on its immature stage,and has its deficiencies in attention,objects,language,form,and the way of communicating with the mass medium. To deal these problems,the author puts forward the corresponding methods: on one hand,pay more attention on the obituary reports,form the individualistic thought pattern,and set the belief of Obituary report is a news style; on the other hand,present suggestions on the aspects of gathering news,angle of covering,and writing method. Finally,the author makes prospect on the development of China’s obituary report.
近年来,以《新京报》“逝者”版为代表的都市报和地方性报纸纷纷开辟以普通人为对象的讣闻专版、专栏。其以普通人为报道对象,用平民视角和平民语言,进行故事化的叙述,可谓是创新性讣闻报道。这种讣闻报道形式既有对西方讣闻报道的有益借鉴,也有中国本土化的特色,充分发挥了讣闻报道的抚慰心灵、扩充人生体验、服务群众、肯定多元价值以及文化认同等功能。但同时,这种创新讣闻报道形式还不成熟,在理念上和操作层面都存在一定的问题。本文针对创新讣闻报道目前存在的问题进行分析,并提出相应的对策。
本文分三个部分:
第一部分,讣闻报道的定义及流变。讣闻报道这个概念作为舶来词,要和我国传统观念的讣告进行区别。另外,对我国的讣闻报道从古代的祭文到现在的讣闻专版的发展历程进行梳理。
第二部分,我国报纸讣闻报道的发展现状及其特征。本文将我国当前讣闻报道主要分为传统讣闻报道和创新讣闻报道两种。其中前者以党报讣闻报道为代表,对其进行文本分析,总结其特征并分析产生的原因。后者以《新京报》等都市报和地方性报纸为代表,分析其产生的背景,通过文本分析总结其特征,并对其传播效果进行分析。
第三部分,我国报纸讣闻报道存在的问题及对策。重点分析创新讣闻报道的存在问题及对策。创新讣闻报道在我国还刚起步,发展不成熟。在重视程度、报道对象、报道语言、报道形式和手段以及沟通平台等方面都存在不足。我国新闻媒体要从理念上重视讣闻报道,高扬人本主义的新闻理念,并且树立“讣闻是新闻文体”的观念。还要注重采写角度和表达手法的创新,以更好促进讣闻报道的发展。
Obituary report is called death report, which reports the dead in news media. It not only reports the dead news, but also it aggregates and evaluates the life and social contributions of the dead. Obituary report is popular and can be commonly seen in western newspaper with its varied topics and forms.
In China,bound by the economic system and traditional view of life and death, obituary report in newspaper is often sternly restricted: mainly the reporting object should be political VIPs or celebrities,and the format should be under a certain style or pattern,as a result,it is rather unpopular. Obituaries in party’s paper have become a political honorable treatment,while those of the celebrities in the citied paper are inclined to be entertaining.
In recent years, represented by The Died edition in XinJing paper,many citied and provincial papers began to edit the specific edition of obituary in reporting the obituary notice of common people. They treat the common people as objects,and use a common people’s perspective and language to narrate a story like report. This form is using the western obituary report as reference; however,at the same time,it is featured by Chinese local culture. They exert the functions of obituary report: comforting the unfortunate,extending life experiences,serving the public,and affirming the value of multi-culture.
However,this new reporting form is still immature,and can be improved in its management and manipulation. The paper aims at analyzing the present problems and presenting corresponding measures.
It studies the present situation of China obituary report from three parts.
Firstly,the definition and the transformation of obituary report.
The concept obituary report itself is a loanword,and should be differed from obituary notice in tradition. Besides,the paper tidies the developing process of the obituary report in China from the ancient memorial words to the present obituary report in paper’s specific edition.
Secondly,it’s about the present state of China’s obituary report and its features. The paper divides obituary report into two kinds: traditional obituary report and innovative obituary report. The former objects on the reports of celebrities in the party’s paper,analyses its contents,summarizes its features,and digs up the causes. The latter centers on the citied and provincial paper, for example,XinJing,analyses its background,and summarizes its features and its transmitting effects.
Thirdly,it’s on the existed problems and measures. The paper puts emphasis on the innovative. The innovative obituary report is still on its immature stage,and has its deficiencies in attention,objects,language,form,and the way of communicating with the mass medium. To deal these problems,the author puts forward the corresponding methods: on one hand,pay more attention on the obituary reports,form the individualistic thought pattern,and set the belief of Obituary report is a news style; on the other hand,present suggestions on the aspects of gathering news,angle of covering,and writing method. Finally,the author makes prospect on the development of China’s obituary report.
引文
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2.郑俊彦,毕媛媛.美国媒体讣闻版的理念和实践[OL]. http://media.people.com.cn/GB/40628/3232848.html
3.陈凯.美国报纸如何吸引更多的人读报[OL]. http://www.epsalon.com/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=2891
4.《专家透视报纸发行量 100 名排行榜:看上去很美》[OL]. http://medianet.qianlong.com/7692/2005/06/03/33@2661583.htm
5.姚文慧.中西讣闻报道比较[OL]. http://scholar.ilib.cn/Abstract.aspx?A=qnjz200411035
[2] 马海涛.浅谈讣告新闻的改进[J].新闻与写作,2003,(8).
[3] 讣告登报纸葬礼不诵经[N].都市快报,2004-4-5.
[4][17][18] 王卫明,张传香.中国讣闻报道的新突破:析《新京报》“逝者”版[OL]. http://www.mediainchina.com/pages/xsyjy/xsjd/2005-08-31/11634.htm
[5] [36] 朱萍.浅谈讣闻报道的人物写作[J].阅读与写作,2006,(10).
[6][37] 乔波.国内外讣闻写作的现状及启示[OL]. http://scholar.ilib.cn/abstract.aspx?A=jcm200602038
[7] 路晓军.中西方传统文化生命观论略[J].哈尔滨学院学报,2005,(5).
[8] 徐耀魁.西方新闻理论评析[M].新华出版社,1998.163.
[9] 陈明.中国讣闻报道前景分析[J].新闻记者,2005,(9).
[10] 辜晓进.走进美国大报[M].广州:南方日报出版社,2002.69.
[11] [12][31] 安珍.美国报纸讣闻报道的特色[J].今传媒,2006,(6).
[13] 郑俊彦,毕媛媛.美国媒体讣闻版的理念和实践[OL]. http://media.people.com.cn/GB/40628/3232848.html
[14] 邹军.民生新闻视野中的讣闻报道[J].新闻知识,2006,(9).
[15] 李希光.畸变的媒体[M].上海:复旦大学出版社,2004.75.
[16] 柴焰.关注逝去的平凡生命[J].新闻爱好者,2005,(11).
[19] 熊爱玲,曾振求,王孝武.讣闻报道探索——以《怀念》专栏为例[J].新闻前哨,2005,(8).
[20] 朱利安·哈瑞斯等.全能记者必备[M].北京:中国新闻出版社,1998.124.
[21] 卡罗尔·里奇.新闻写作与报道训练教程[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2004.76.
[22] 杨雁斌.面向大众的历史学——口述史学的社会含义辨析[J].国外社会科学, 1998, (5).
[23] 胡亚平,龙潭.《纽约时报》9·11 事件“讣闻报道”及其启示[J].采编谈艺,2004,(6).
[24] 马锋.讣闻报道理念探析[J].新闻记者,2006,(12).
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