辣木黄酮和多糖提取方法及其含量影响因素的初步研究
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摘要
为了稳定和提高辣木产品的有效成分含量,本研究以广东韶关学院英东生态园种植的二年生辣木为材料,比较了辣木有效成分黄酮和多糖的提取和测定方法,找到了辣木黄酮和多糖提取方法和条件的最佳优化组合。并应用乙醇回流法和苯酚-硫酸法探讨了叶龄、器官、产地、采收期、管理水平、朝向等与有效成分含量的关系。研究结果如下:
辣木总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:用70%的乙醇作为提取溶剂,乙醇用量为20倍,提取温度为80℃,提取3次,每次90min。在此提取条件下,辣木叶总黄酮量为6.59%。辣木多糖的最佳提取条件为:以15倍的溶剂用量,在90℃水浴条件下,提取3次,每次120min,在此提取条件下,辣木叶多糖量为25.51%。
辣木叶片总黄酮和多糖含量均以45d的壮龄叶含量最高,总黄酮含量可达6.11%,多糖含量可达21.97%;幼龄叶和老龄叶中的总黄酮和多糖含量都比较少。
辣木不同器官的总黄酮含量为花柄中最多,根中最少,其变化范围为0.53%～4.47%;不同器官的多糖含量为根中最多,叶柄中最少,其变化范围为8.16%～33.61%。不同产地的辣木有效成分含量为:总黄酮含量均在西郊赛车厂种植的含量最高,分别为叶6.78%、叶柄3.43%、茎2.66%;多糖含量均在新丰县种植的含量最高,分别为叶27.14%、叶柄16.19%、茎12.28%,韶关学院生态园种植的辣木总黄酮和多糖含量均为最低。
不同采收期的辣木有效成分含量均在11月采收时含量最高,其中总黄酮含量为叶5.69%、叶柄3.13%、茎2.01%;多糖含量为叶28.85%、叶柄9.71%、茎12.24%。不同管理水平的辣木有效成分含量为:叶在中等管理水平下有效成分含量最高,叶柄和茎中有效成分含量依次为低>中>高。不同朝向的辣木有效成分含量为各器官在向阳和背阳区之间均没有显著性差异。
Aim to stabilize and improve the products by effective content of Moringa oleifera, which is from the ecological park Yingdong of Shaoguan University in Guangdong planting Moringa oleifera of two years. We found that the ethanol circumfluence for flavones determining and Phenol-sulferic acid method for Polysaccharide were the optimal extraction technology. Addition to this, the relationship of the Leaves, organ, producing area, Harvest time, and levels under the management, position with the effective component content would be discussed. The results showed that:
The optimal extraction technology of total flavones from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was: 70% ethanol, 20 times volume, 80℃, 90 minutes and extract three times. The yield of total flavones was 6.59% under this optimal extraction condition.
The optimal extraction technology of polysaccharides from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was:15 times volume waters, 90℃, 120 minutes and extract three times. The yield of polysaccharide content was 24.76% under this optimal extraction condition.
The total flavones and polysaccharide content of Moringa oleifera were the highest on the stronger leaves, which 45 days older. The total flavone was 6.11% and polysaccharide was 21.97 % on these leaves. Otherwise, these contents were less on the younger leaves and older leaves.
Total flavones content of Moringa oleifera in different organs were showed that: the flower-petiole is most, root is least, and the variety bound were 0.53%～4.47%. And the polysaccharide content on the roots were most, the petiole were least, and the variety bound were 8.16%～33.61%.
The effective components on the different Producing area were: the total flavones were the highest in the materials from the west suburb-racing factory. In which the leaves were 6.78%, petioles were 3.43% and stems were 2.66%. But the polysaccharide in the Xinfeng factory was the highest levels. The leaves were 27.14%, petioles were 16.19 %, and stems were 12.28%. The effective components were the least which from the Yingdong ecological park of Shaoguan University.
There was a difference of the effective components within different harvesting period in our experiment. It’s showed that the effective component content was the highest harvested in November. The total flavone of leaves were5.69%, the petiole were 3.13 %, and stems were2.01 %. The polysaccharides of leaves were 28.85%, the petioles were 9.71 %, and the stems were 12.24 %.
The effective components of different levels under the management levels were showed that: the leaves under middle management levels were the most. Otherwise, the sequence of the effective component content in the petioles and stems under different management levels were: Low>middle> high.
There was no significant difference of the effective component content in the different orientations.
辣木总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:用70%的乙醇作为提取溶剂,乙醇用量为20倍,提取温度为80℃,提取3次,每次90min。在此提取条件下,辣木叶总黄酮量为6.59%。辣木多糖的最佳提取条件为:以15倍的溶剂用量,在90℃水浴条件下,提取3次,每次120min,在此提取条件下,辣木叶多糖量为25.51%。
辣木叶片总黄酮和多糖含量均以45d的壮龄叶含量最高,总黄酮含量可达6.11%,多糖含量可达21.97%;幼龄叶和老龄叶中的总黄酮和多糖含量都比较少。
辣木不同器官的总黄酮含量为花柄中最多,根中最少,其变化范围为0.53%～4.47%;不同器官的多糖含量为根中最多,叶柄中最少,其变化范围为8.16%～33.61%。不同产地的辣木有效成分含量为:总黄酮含量均在西郊赛车厂种植的含量最高,分别为叶6.78%、叶柄3.43%、茎2.66%;多糖含量均在新丰县种植的含量最高,分别为叶27.14%、叶柄16.19%、茎12.28%,韶关学院生态园种植的辣木总黄酮和多糖含量均为最低。
不同采收期的辣木有效成分含量均在11月采收时含量最高,其中总黄酮含量为叶5.69%、叶柄3.13%、茎2.01%;多糖含量为叶28.85%、叶柄9.71%、茎12.24%。不同管理水平的辣木有效成分含量为:叶在中等管理水平下有效成分含量最高,叶柄和茎中有效成分含量依次为低>中>高。不同朝向的辣木有效成分含量为各器官在向阳和背阳区之间均没有显著性差异。
Aim to stabilize and improve the products by effective content of Moringa oleifera, which is from the ecological park Yingdong of Shaoguan University in Guangdong planting Moringa oleifera of two years. We found that the ethanol circumfluence for flavones determining and Phenol-sulferic acid method for Polysaccharide were the optimal extraction technology. Addition to this, the relationship of the Leaves, organ, producing area, Harvest time, and levels under the management, position with the effective component content would be discussed. The results showed that:
The optimal extraction technology of total flavones from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was: 70% ethanol, 20 times volume, 80℃, 90 minutes and extract three times. The yield of total flavones was 6.59% under this optimal extraction condition.
The optimal extraction technology of polysaccharides from the leaves of Moringa oleifera was:15 times volume waters, 90℃, 120 minutes and extract three times. The yield of polysaccharide content was 24.76% under this optimal extraction condition.
The total flavones and polysaccharide content of Moringa oleifera were the highest on the stronger leaves, which 45 days older. The total flavone was 6.11% and polysaccharide was 21.97 % on these leaves. Otherwise, these contents were less on the younger leaves and older leaves.
Total flavones content of Moringa oleifera in different organs were showed that: the flower-petiole is most, root is least, and the variety bound were 0.53%～4.47%. And the polysaccharide content on the roots were most, the petiole were least, and the variety bound were 8.16%～33.61%.
The effective components on the different Producing area were: the total flavones were the highest in the materials from the west suburb-racing factory. In which the leaves were 6.78%, petioles were 3.43% and stems were 2.66%. But the polysaccharide in the Xinfeng factory was the highest levels. The leaves were 27.14%, petioles were 16.19 %, and stems were 12.28%. The effective components were the least which from the Yingdong ecological park of Shaoguan University.
There was a difference of the effective components within different harvesting period in our experiment. It’s showed that the effective component content was the highest harvested in November. The total flavone of leaves were5.69%, the petiole were 3.13 %, and stems were2.01 %. The polysaccharides of leaves were 28.85%, the petioles were 9.71 %, and the stems were 12.24 %.
The effective components of different levels under the management levels were showed that: the leaves under middle management levels were the most. Otherwise, the sequence of the effective component content in the petioles and stems under different management levels were: Low>middle> high.
There was no significant difference of the effective component content in the different orientations.
引文
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2 刘昌芬,李国华.辣木的营养价值[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(1):4-7
3 陆 斌 陈 芳 张劲峰 印度的辣木生产和研究 世界农业 2005.10:318
4 刘昌芬,等.不同品种和产地辣木叶片营养成分含量[J].热带农业科技,2003,26(4):1-14
5 钟慧慧,马海乐,等.辣木开发利用现状及前景[J].粮油食品科技,2006.12(4):60～61
6 Gilani AH, Khalid A,Amin S,et a1.Pharmacological studies on hypotensive and spasmolytic activities of pure compounds from Moringa oleifera[J].Phytotherapy Research, 1994,8 (2):87—91
7 张燕平,段琼芬,苏建荣.辣木的开发与利用[J].热带农业科学,2004,24 (4):42
8 Faizi S., Siddiqui B.S., Saleem R., et a1.Hypotensive constituents from the pods of Moringa oleifera[J].Planta Medica,1998,64 (3):225—228
9 Limaye,Dyanesh Arun,Anil Yashvant Nimbkar,Rajeev Jain,et a1.Cardiovascular effects of the aqueous extract of Moringa pterygosperma [J].Phytotherapy Research,1998, 9 (1):37—40
10 Pal,Saroj K.,Pulok K.Mukherjee and B.P.Saha.Studies on the antiulcer activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on gastric ulcer models in rats[J].Phytotherapy Research, I995,9 (6):463—465
11 张 彬,等.黄酮类化合物的研究进展[J].食品与机械,2005,21(5):70-73
12 张鞍灵,王株清,高锦明,黄酮类化合物分析及开发利用[J].西北林学院学报,2000 15(1),59-74
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