淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境相关研究
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摘要
土壤侵蚀是当今人类面临的一种最普遍、持续性很强的环境灾害,被称为“蠕动的灾难”。每年因土壤侵蚀造成的经济损失较诸如滑坡、泥石流、地震等地质灾害更大,土壤侵蚀已成为我国乃至全球的重大环境问题之一。我国是世界上水土流失最严重的国家之一,其分布之广,强度之大,危害之重,在全球屈指可数。水土保持是国土整治、江河治理的根本。2003年,淮河流域发生了1954年以来最大洪水,经过各级防汛指挥部门的科学调度,淮河上下游人民的团结抗洪,2003年的淮河抗洪取得了“水大灾小”的骄人战绩。在灾后重建和新一轮治淮建设中,人们在反思中把目光投向了淮河流域的水土保持工作。
据有关部门对淮河流域水土流失的调查分析,水土流失造成生产力水平低下,生态环境恶化。水土流失导致土层变薄,肥力下降,耕地沙化,农业减产;加之人口的不断增长,群众陡坡开荒、毁林开荒的现象时有发生,植被受到破坏,水土流失加剧,生态环境进一步恶化,形成了恶性循环。淮河流域水土流失治理迫在眉睫。
本文对淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀相关环境因素进行分析,应用“3S”技术提取相关环境因子的信息,在此基础上进行土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境相关分析,得出淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境特征。论文的研究内容和研究成果主要有:
1、对“3S”技术在土壤侵蚀中的应用情况进行分析,总结国内外在此研究领域的进展和存在的问题,提出了“3S”技术在土壤侵蚀中的应用展望,为进一步研究淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境提供了理论依据和研究方法;对淮河流域土石山区自然、社会、经济和生态环境现状进行了阐述,是进一步探讨土壤侵蚀环境特征的前提和基础。
2、应用“3S”技术提取淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀相关环境因子的信息,包括降雨、地形坡度、土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、土壤类型等,并对提取的信息进行分析研究,在此基础上研究淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境的相互关系。应用3S技术对淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境进行相关分析。最后总结出淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境的特征。
Soil erosion which is called“peristaltic disaster”is one of the most common and the strongest geological disaster in human society nowaday. Every year, economic loss caused by soil erosion is larger than other geological disaster such as landslide, debris flow, earthquake etc. Soil erosion has been a vital environmental issue that china even the whole world faces. China is one of the most serious countries in the world in soil erosion.There are soil and water loss at different degees in almost every province, its extensive distribution; large strength and deep harm are numberd in the world. Water and soil conservation is the basis to land regulation and river treatment. The severest flood ever since 1954 which stuck Huaihe basin in 2003, because of the flood control commanding departments’scientific scheduling and the upstream and dowmstream people’s flood resisting, gained better results. When reconstruct after disaster, people focused on the soil and water conservation in Huaihe basin.
According to the related departments’investigation and analysis, soil and water loss causes low productivity and deterioration of eco-environmental situation. Soil and water loss leads to soil layer thinning out, soil fertility declining, cultivating land sandification and reduction of output on agriculture faming;Together with the population’s continuous growth, scale reclamation at steep slope and deforestation, vegetation are damaged, soil and water loss aggravate, ecological environment further deteriorate, so vicious circle has formed. The treatment of soil and water conservation in Huaihe basin is great urgent.
This paper analyzes the related environment about soil erosion in Huaihe basin about mountain area, applies domestic leading“3S”technology which extract related environment factor. Meanwhile on this basis, study on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment and obtain the soil erosion environmental characteristics. Main research contents and results in the article are as follows:
1、Analysis and study on the application situation of“3S”technology on soil erosion and sum up the headway and problems of this domain at home and abroad. On this basis, put forward to application prospect of“3S”technology on soil erosion. Provide theory basisand methods for further study on soil erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. It covers the actuality of nature, society, economy, and ecological environment, to lay the precondition and basis for the soil erosion environment characteristics.
2、Apply“3S”technology to extract related soil erosion environmental factors’information about Huaihe basin about mountain area, analyze and study on the information. On this basis, study on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. Main results in the article are as follows: It’s the first time to apply“3S”technology to study on the relationship between soin erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. On the basis of studying on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area, summarize out the soil erosion environmental characteristics of Huaihe basin about mountain area.
据有关部门对淮河流域水土流失的调查分析,水土流失造成生产力水平低下,生态环境恶化。水土流失导致土层变薄,肥力下降,耕地沙化,农业减产;加之人口的不断增长,群众陡坡开荒、毁林开荒的现象时有发生,植被受到破坏,水土流失加剧,生态环境进一步恶化,形成了恶性循环。淮河流域水土流失治理迫在眉睫。
本文对淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀相关环境因素进行分析,应用“3S”技术提取相关环境因子的信息,在此基础上进行土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境相关分析,得出淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境特征。论文的研究内容和研究成果主要有:
1、对“3S”技术在土壤侵蚀中的应用情况进行分析,总结国内外在此研究领域的进展和存在的问题,提出了“3S”技术在土壤侵蚀中的应用展望,为进一步研究淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境提供了理论依据和研究方法;对淮河流域土石山区自然、社会、经济和生态环境现状进行了阐述,是进一步探讨土壤侵蚀环境特征的前提和基础。
2、应用“3S”技术提取淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀相关环境因子的信息,包括降雨、地形坡度、土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、土壤类型等,并对提取的信息进行分析研究,在此基础上研究淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境的相互关系。应用3S技术对淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀与侵蚀环境进行相关分析。最后总结出淮河流域土石山区土壤侵蚀环境的特征。
Soil erosion which is called“peristaltic disaster”is one of the most common and the strongest geological disaster in human society nowaday. Every year, economic loss caused by soil erosion is larger than other geological disaster such as landslide, debris flow, earthquake etc. Soil erosion has been a vital environmental issue that china even the whole world faces. China is one of the most serious countries in the world in soil erosion.There are soil and water loss at different degees in almost every province, its extensive distribution; large strength and deep harm are numberd in the world. Water and soil conservation is the basis to land regulation and river treatment. The severest flood ever since 1954 which stuck Huaihe basin in 2003, because of the flood control commanding departments’scientific scheduling and the upstream and dowmstream people’s flood resisting, gained better results. When reconstruct after disaster, people focused on the soil and water conservation in Huaihe basin.
According to the related departments’investigation and analysis, soil and water loss causes low productivity and deterioration of eco-environmental situation. Soil and water loss leads to soil layer thinning out, soil fertility declining, cultivating land sandification and reduction of output on agriculture faming;Together with the population’s continuous growth, scale reclamation at steep slope and deforestation, vegetation are damaged, soil and water loss aggravate, ecological environment further deteriorate, so vicious circle has formed. The treatment of soil and water conservation in Huaihe basin is great urgent.
This paper analyzes the related environment about soil erosion in Huaihe basin about mountain area, applies domestic leading“3S”technology which extract related environment factor. Meanwhile on this basis, study on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment and obtain the soil erosion environmental characteristics. Main research contents and results in the article are as follows:
1、Analysis and study on the application situation of“3S”technology on soil erosion and sum up the headway and problems of this domain at home and abroad. On this basis, put forward to application prospect of“3S”technology on soil erosion. Provide theory basisand methods for further study on soil erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. It covers the actuality of nature, society, economy, and ecological environment, to lay the precondition and basis for the soil erosion environment characteristics.
2、Apply“3S”technology to extract related soil erosion environmental factors’information about Huaihe basin about mountain area, analyze and study on the information. On this basis, study on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. Main results in the article are as follows: It’s the first time to apply“3S”technology to study on the relationship between soin erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area. On the basis of studying on the relationship between soil erosion and erosion environment in Huaihe basin about mountain area, summarize out the soil erosion environmental characteristics of Huaihe basin about mountain area.
引文
[1] 景可,王万忠,郑粉莉.中国土壤侵蚀与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,2005,31-128
[2] 党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰.ERDAS IMAGINE 遥感图象处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,8
[3] 刘良明.ARCVIEW 基础教程[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001,9
[4] Region Manager5.0 软件-3S 工具使用说明书.北京地拓科技发展有限公司
[5] 杨胜天,朱启疆.人机交互式解译在大尺度土壤侵蚀遥感调查中的作用[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):88-91.
[6] 章文波.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89-92.
[7] 乔彦肖.卫星遥感技术在永定河流域土壤侵蚀调查评价中的应用研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,16(2):91-96.
[8] 张光超,邱少鹏,高会军.遥感技术在小流域水土流失快速调查中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2001(2):9-12.
[9] 范建容,柴宗新.基于RS和GIS的四川省李子溪流域土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):25-28.
[10] 张国平,张增祥,刘纪远.中国土壤风力侵蚀空间格局及驱动因子分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):146-158.
[11] 张国平,刘纪远,张增祥.西藏自治区土壤风力侵蚀与沙地变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(1):158-161.
[12] 雷军,包玉海,孟克达来.鄂尔多斯高原土壤风力侵蚀规律研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报,2002,31(4):394-403.
[13] 田夏青,靳雅丽.青海省风力侵蚀遥感调查与数据库更新[J].水利水电工程设计,2002,21(2):51-52.
[14] 史德明.中国南方侵蚀土壤退化指标体系研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):1-9.
[15] 赵晓丽,张增祥.中国土壤侵蚀现状及综合防治对策研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):40-43.
[16] 张登荣.基于卫星遥感和GIS技术的水土流失动态监测体系研究[J].浙江大学学报,2001,28(5):577-582.
[17] 潘剑君,赵其国,张桃林.江西省兴国县、余江县土壤侵蚀时空变化研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):58-64.
[18] 林敬兰,杨学震.基于3S技术的福建省土壤侵蚀动态监测研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(1):155-158.
[19] 周跃,万哗,汪竹青.对研制云南山地水土流失动态监测系统的初步尝试[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):480-484.
[20] 马晓微.基于GIS的中国潜在水土流失评价研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):49-53.
[21] 杨存建,张增祥,王思远.不同环境条件下的土壤侵蚀分析-以重庆市为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,16(2):71-76.
[22] 张兵,王向军,童庆禧.一各黄土区土壤侵蚀强度遥感调查新方法[J].国土资源遥感,1996,(4):36-39.
[23] 喻权刚.陕北黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀遥感研究[J].水土保持学报,1997,(3):46-51.
[24] 石承苍.川西南山地区土地资源、土壤侵蚀遥感调查及土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].西南农业学报,1995,8(4):53-59.
[25] 卜兆宏,孙金庄,周伏建.水土流失的定量遥感及其应用研究[J].农村生态环境,1995,11(4):35-39.
[26] 王安明,章孝灿,黄智才.浙江省水土流失遥感普查有关技术问题的研究[J].中国水土保持,1999(7):9-11.
[27] 孙希华.基于遥感和GIS的山东山丘区土壤侵蚀调查研究[J].山东师大学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):168-172.
[28] 颉耀文,陈怀录,徐克斌.数字遥感影像判读法在土壤侵蚀调查中的应用[J].兰州大学学报,2002,38(2).
[29] 梅安新,彭望,秦其明.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[30] 刘惠平,朱启疆.应用高分辨率遥感数据进行土地利用与覆盖变化监测的方法及其研究进展[J].资源科学,1999,21(3):23-37.
[31] 沙志刚.数字遥感技术在土地利用动态监测中应用概述[J].国土资源遥感,1999(2):7-11.
[32] 王安明,章孝灿,黄智才.浙江省省水土流失遥感普查有关技术问题的研究[J].中国水土保持,1999,(7):19-21.
[33] 詹小国,王平.基于RS和GIS的三峡库区水土流失动态监测研究[J].长江科学院院报,2001,18(2):41-44.
[34] 张登荣.水土流失遥感方法与土地资源评价[M].北京:原子能出版社,1996.
[35] 史德明,梁音,吕喜玺.江西省兴国县土壤侵蚀动态监测研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,1995,4(3).
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[2] 党安荣,王晓栋,陈晓峰.ERDAS IMAGINE 遥感图象处理方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005,8
[3] 刘良明.ARCVIEW 基础教程[M].北京:测绘出版社,2001,9
[4] Region Manager5.0 软件-3S 工具使用说明书.北京地拓科技发展有限公司
[5] 杨胜天,朱启疆.人机交互式解译在大尺度土壤侵蚀遥感调查中的作用[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):88-91.
[6] 章文波.基于GIS的中国土壤侵蚀预报信息系统[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(2):89-92.
[7] 乔彦肖.卫星遥感技术在永定河流域土壤侵蚀调查评价中的应用研究[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,16(2):91-96.
[8] 张光超,邱少鹏,高会军.遥感技术在小流域水土流失快速调查中的应用[J].国土资源遥感,2001(2):9-12.
[9] 范建容,柴宗新.基于RS和GIS的四川省李子溪流域土壤侵蚀动态变化[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):25-28.
[10] 张国平,张增祥,刘纪远.中国土壤风力侵蚀空间格局及驱动因子分析[J].地理学报,2001,56(2):146-158.
[11] 张国平,刘纪远,张增祥.西藏自治区土壤风力侵蚀与沙地变化研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(1):158-161.
[12] 雷军,包玉海,孟克达来.鄂尔多斯高原土壤风力侵蚀规律研究[J].内蒙古师范大学学报,2002,31(4):394-403.
[13] 田夏青,靳雅丽.青海省风力侵蚀遥感调查与数据库更新[J].水利水电工程设计,2002,21(2):51-52.
[14] 史德明.中国南方侵蚀土壤退化指标体系研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):1-9.
[15] 赵晓丽,张增祥.中国土壤侵蚀现状及综合防治对策研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(1):40-43.
[16] 张登荣.基于卫星遥感和GIS技术的水土流失动态监测体系研究[J].浙江大学学报,2001,28(5):577-582.
[17] 潘剑君,赵其国,张桃林.江西省兴国县、余江县土壤侵蚀时空变化研究[J].土壤学报,2002,39(1):58-64.
[18] 林敬兰,杨学震.基于3S技术的福建省土壤侵蚀动态监测研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(1):155-158.
[19] 周跃,万哗,汪竹青.对研制云南山地水土流失动态监测系统的初步尝试[J].山地学报,2002,20(4):480-484.
[20] 马晓微.基于GIS的中国潜在水土流失评价研究[J].水土保持学报,2002,16(4):49-53.
[21] 杨存建,张增祥,王思远.不同环境条件下的土壤侵蚀分析-以重庆市为例[J].遥感技术与应用,2001,16(2):71-76.
[22] 张兵,王向军,童庆禧.一各黄土区土壤侵蚀强度遥感调查新方法[J].国土资源遥感,1996,(4):36-39.
[23] 喻权刚.陕北黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀遥感研究[J].水土保持学报,1997,(3):46-51.
[24] 石承苍.川西南山地区土地资源、土壤侵蚀遥感调查及土壤侵蚀定量评价[J].西南农业学报,1995,8(4):53-59.
[25] 卜兆宏,孙金庄,周伏建.水土流失的定量遥感及其应用研究[J].农村生态环境,1995,11(4):35-39.
[26] 王安明,章孝灿,黄智才.浙江省水土流失遥感普查有关技术问题的研究[J].中国水土保持,1999(7):9-11.
[27] 孙希华.基于遥感和GIS的山东山丘区土壤侵蚀调查研究[J].山东师大学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):168-172.
[28] 颉耀文,陈怀录,徐克斌.数字遥感影像判读法在土壤侵蚀调查中的应用[J].兰州大学学报,2002,38(2).
[29] 梅安新,彭望,秦其明.遥感导论[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[30] 刘惠平,朱启疆.应用高分辨率遥感数据进行土地利用与覆盖变化监测的方法及其研究进展[J].资源科学,1999,21(3):23-37.
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