河南奶业产业化经营问题研究
摘要
奶业原来是河南的薄弱产业。近年来,河南省的奶业有了长足的发展,但自2004年以来,奶业市场的价格大战愈演愈烈,在部分地区已经开始出现“奶比水贱”的奇特现象;各地奶牛养殖户收益普遍下降;有的城市郊区几度发生倒奶事件。此外,河南省奶业产业化经营中还存在着产业布局不合理、资源浪费严重,乳品企业和奶农的契约关系不稳定、产业化水平低;加工企业产业集中度低、龙头带动作用差,奶业组织发展滞后、未能发挥纽带作用等问题。这些问题使河南的奶业产业化经营陷入了困境,已经严重制约了河南奶业的健康发展。
本文以河南奶业产业化经营为研究对象,采用新制度经济学理论、博弈论等经济学理论,针对河南省奶业产业化经营现状,找出了河南奶业产业化经营中存在的问题,并对问题产生的原因进行了理论分析。最后,结合国内外奶业产业化经营的经验,提出了河南奶业产业化经营的对策。
Dairy formerly is an unsubstantial industry in Henan Province. These years, the dairy of Henan Province has a long-term and sufficient development, but since 2004, the price competition has got more and more furious, in some part of districts there began to appear a strange phenomena that milk is cheaper than water; The income of the cow breeding families universally decreased; in the countryside of some cities there even happened milk-pour-away event. Furthermore, there exist the problem in Dairy of Henan Province that the master of industry is unreasonably; the candidate is too extravagant; the covenant of contractual of the enterprise of dairy is insecure; the grade of industrialization is low; the concentrative of industry is low; the ability of the enterprise of dairy industry is too bad; the consortium of dairy is lag, it don't exert the relation function which seriously restrict the further development of dairy industrialization management.
This paper just takes dairy industrialization management of Henan as its researching object, and using the New Institutional Economics theory, and the Game theory, aiming at the status quo of dairy industrialization management of Henan Province, has found the problems in the dairy industrialization management, and made a theory analysis of the cause of the problems. At last, combined with experience of the domestic dairy industrialization management, it puts forward the countermeasure of the dairy industrialization management of Henan Province.
本文以河南奶业产业化经营为研究对象,采用新制度经济学理论、博弈论等经济学理论,针对河南省奶业产业化经营现状,找出了河南奶业产业化经营中存在的问题,并对问题产生的原因进行了理论分析。最后,结合国内外奶业产业化经营的经验,提出了河南奶业产业化经营的对策。
Dairy formerly is an unsubstantial industry in Henan Province. These years, the dairy of Henan Province has a long-term and sufficient development, but since 2004, the price competition has got more and more furious, in some part of districts there began to appear a strange phenomena that milk is cheaper than water; The income of the cow breeding families universally decreased; in the countryside of some cities there even happened milk-pour-away event. Furthermore, there exist the problem in Dairy of Henan Province that the master of industry is unreasonably; the candidate is too extravagant; the covenant of contractual of the enterprise of dairy is insecure; the grade of industrialization is low; the concentrative of industry is low; the ability of the enterprise of dairy industry is too bad; the consortium of dairy is lag, it don't exert the relation function which seriously restrict the further development of dairy industrialization management.
This paper just takes dairy industrialization management of Henan as its researching object, and using the New Institutional Economics theory, and the Game theory, aiming at the status quo of dairy industrialization management of Henan Province, has found the problems in the dairy industrialization management, and made a theory analysis of the cause of the problems. At last, combined with experience of the domestic dairy industrialization management, it puts forward the countermeasure of the dairy industrialization management of Henan Province.
引文
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[2]Williamson,O.E.:Market and Hierarchies Analysis and Antitrust Implications.A Study in the Economic of Intemal Organisation[M],Free Press,New York,1975
[3]Moats W A.Assoc of Anal Chemica[J].J Chromatograph.1984.317
[4]Zhou,Zhang Y,Lu P,et al.Chromatograph[M].J Chromatograph.1991
[5]牛若峰.《农业产业一体化经营的理论和实践》[M].中国农业科技出版社.1998
[6]陈柳钦.分工协作、交易费用与产业集群.http://www.xslx.com
[7]张湛彬.博彩行为从非合作博弈到合作博弈的政府选择偏好.经济管理新管理[J].2002(16)
[8]张维迎.《博弈论与信息经济学》[M].上海三联书店.1996
[9]罗素·W·库泊.张君、李祠译《协调博弈》.中国人民大学出版社.2001
[10]谢识予.《经济博弈论》(第二版).复旦大学出版社.2002
[11]丁力.“龙头”企业与奶农的博弈.《中国国情国力》.1998(11)
[12]王怀宝.《中国奶业50年》.海洋出版.2000
[13]刘成果.《中国奶业年鉴》(2005).中国农业出版社.2006
[14]姚凤桐.《奶业经济》.中国科学文化出版社.2004(11)
[15]张兴无.企业+奶农与合作社+奶农.《河北师范大学学报》(哲学社会科学版).2003(9)
[16]张逐、马慧琴.农业产业化与农村合作社.《经济问题》.2003(5)
[17]张绍焱.《中国农业产业化问题研究》.中国经济出版社.2000(4)
[18]慕永太.《合作社理论与实践》.中国农业出版社.2001
[19]庄丽娟.我国农业产业化经营中利益分配的制度分析[J].《农业经济问题》.2000(4)
[20]丁力.“中国奶业转型与创新”.《中国乳业》.2004(6)
[21]武拉平.《农产品市场一体化研究》[M].北京:中国农业出版社.2000
[22]尹成杰.对农业产业化经营利益分配机制的思考.《中国农村经济》.1998(2)
[23]河南省畜牧局.《河南黄河滩区绿色奶业示范带项目材料》,2003
[24]周建华.合作经济组织在农业产业化中的作用[J].农业技术经济.1999
[25]余晖等著.《行业协会及其在中国的发展:理论与案例》.经济管理出版社.2002
[26]程治中.浅议农业产业化经营发展过程中的政府行为.《乡镇经济》.2000(1)
[27]方言.农业产业化发展中的地方政府职能.《农业经济问题》.2002(12)
[28]B·俄林《地区间贸易与国际贸易》(1933),“商务出版社”中译本.1986
[30]赵全厚.积极扶持我国奶农和奶业发展.《农业经济问题》.2002(11)
[31]于法稳、王华凤.国外发展奶业的启示与我国奶业的发展对策.《动物科学与动物医 学》.2003(7)
[32]周俊玲.荷兰奶业的发展经验与启示.http://www.qzny.gov.cn.2005-04-20
[33]阚远征.“迎接奶牛业的第二次革命—‘TMR'饲养工艺”.《中国乳业》.2004(5)
[34]刘成果.建设现代奶业是光荣的历史任务.农民日报.2006.9.5